| 1. |
- Reuterswärd, Elisabeth
(författare)
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Ett massmedium för folket : studier i de allmänna kungörelsernas funktion i 1700-talets samhälle
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As from 1686 it was decreed by law that all government regulations, orders, edicts and other information any government official wanted to make public, had to be read out to the people by the clergy from the pulpits of all churches in Sweden and Finland at the end of the sermon. The system of communication remained in full force until the end of the 19th century and was not finally abandoned until 1942. I have treated all such announcements as a type of mass media and the method by which they were transmitted to the public as a process of mass communication. It had been developed to serve the government, which needed efficient channels of communication for its commands and regulations. The public announcements were also used for propaganda purposes and to instil a sense of national unity and confidence in the king and his government. The general public also made use of the communication system and fiercely defended it when the clergy wanted to abolish it as from the beginning of the 19th century. Swedish landowning peasants had the right to influence many decisions at regional and local levels. Through the public announcements they gained information about dates and places where such negotiations were to take place. Auction sales, information about things lost and found, about missing persons, criminals at large, advice on how to cure or prevent diseases, new methods in farming etc were also announced from the pulpits. An important result is that the Swedish rural population received much more information about the government at central and local levels than has until now been known. All the decisions that the Swedish parliament (Riksdag) had reached were publicly announced, as were all the public complaints (allmänna besvär) from all parts of Sweden and Finland. Another result is that the number of announcements issued at regional and local level far exceeded those issued by the King in Council. The importance of the provincial governor becomes clear. The system for mass communication has been examined in its various historical contexts. It was first established during a period when the majority of the population lived in a society which was predominantly oral, while the government, the town dwellers and the élite were increasingly literate. These conditions lasted during a long transition period. When the whole of society had become literate the communication between government and subjects also changed in character. Modern massmedia took over some of the functions of the old system. Others became obsolete through changes in administrative practice. Paid government servants did the work that every citizen previously was expected to carry out within many public sectors such as transport, repairing roads, equipping soldiers etc.
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| 2. |
- Reuterswärd, Philippa, et al.
(författare)
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Levels of human proteins in plasma as indicators for acute severe pediatric malaria
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BackgroundExisting low resource diagnostics for malaria infection suffer from sensitivity and specificity issues while lacking sufficient prognostic value. Identifying human host proteins could improve the possibilities to predict the risk of development of acute severe malaria. This will possible enable improved treatment and thereby lead to a decrease in mortality of malaria infected children. Furthermore, discovering host proteins with altered levels during active infection could generate leads to better understand host-parasite interaction.ResultsHere, we have analyzed a total of 541 pediatric plasma samples that were collected from community controls and individuals with mild or severe malaria in Rwanda. Protein profiles of these plasma samples were generated with an antibody-based suspension bead array containing 255 antibodies targeting 115 human proteins. We present 22 proteins with a strong discriminatory capacity (adjusted p-values below 10-19) for separating malaria cases from community controls. This panel of proteins contains among others acute phase proteins and proteins connected to cell adhesion and migration. Among these, three proteins showed lower plasma levels in the group of malaria-infected individuals compared to the control group. One of these proteins is the anti-adhesive secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC) with possible connections to parasite cytoadhesion. A multi-protein panel of six proteins, including SPARC, could differentiate between controls and malaria cases with an AUC of 0.98. Furthermore, a panel of 37 proteins, including proteins associated to erythrocyte membranes, was identified as candidates for separation of mild and severe malaria patients (adjusted pvalues below 0.05).ConclusionThe herein identified set of human proteins has a significant discriminatory capacity between community controls and malaria cases. We also present proteins offering the possibility to enable stratification and risk prediction for the development of severe malaria. This constitutes an important set that could enable enhanced understanding and thereby also possibilities for better treatment of acute severe pediatric malaria.
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| 3. |
- Reuterswärd, Philippa, et al.
(författare)
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Levels of human proteins in plasma associated with acute paediatric malaria
- 2018
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Ingår i: Malaria Journal. - : BMC. - 1475-2875. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The intimate interaction between the pathophysiology of the human host and the biology of the Plasmodium falciparum parasite results in a wide spectrum of disease outcomes in malaria. Development of severe disease is associated with a progressively augmented imbalance in pro- and anti-inflammatory responses to high parasite loads and sequestration of parasitized erythrocytes. Although these phenomena collectively constitute common denominators for the wide variety of discrete severe malaria manifestations, the mechanistic rationales behind discrepancies in outcome are poorly understood. Exploration of the human pathophysiological response by variations in protein profiles in plasma presents an excellent opportunity to increase the understanding. This is ultimately required for better prediction, prevention and treatment of malaria, which is essential for ongoing elimination and eradication efforts. Results: An affinity proteomics approach was used to analyse 541 paediatric plasma samples collected from community controls and patients with mild or severe malaria in Rwanda. Protein profiles were generated with an antibody-based suspension bead array containing 255 antibodies targetting 115 human proteins. Here, 57 proteins were identified with significantly altered levels (adjusted p-values<0.001) in patients with malaria compared to controls. From these, the 27 most significant proteins (adjusted p-values<10(-14)) were selected for a stringent analysis approach. Here, 24 proteins showed elevated levels in malaria patients and included proteins involved in acute inflammatory response as well as cell adhesion. The remaining three proteins, also implicated in immune regulation and cellular adhesivity, displayed lower abundance in malaria patients. In addition, 37 proteins (adjusted p-values<0.05) were identified with increased levels in patients with severe compared to mild malaria. This set includes, proteins involved in tissue remodelling and erythrocyte membrane proteins. Collectively, this approach has been successfully used to identify proteins both with known and unknown association with different stages of malaria. Conclusion: In this study, a high-throughput affinity proteomics approach was used to find protein profiles in plasma linked to P. falciparum infection and malaria disease progression. The proteins presented herein are mainly involved in inflammatory response, cellular adhesion and as constituents of erythrocyte membrane. These findings have a great potential to provide increased conceptual understanding of host-parasite interaction and malaria pathogenesis.
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