| 1. |
- Evengard, B., et al.
(författare)
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Healthy ecosystems for human and animal health : Science diplomacy for responsible development in the Arctic The Nordic Centre of Excellence, Clinf.org (Climate-change effects on the epidemiology of infectious diseases and the impacts on Northern societies)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Polar Record. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0032-2474 .- 1475-3057. ; 57
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate warming is occurring most rapidly in the Arctic, which is both a sentinel and a driver of further global change. Ecosystems and human societies are already affected by warming. Permafrost thaws and species are on the move, bringing pathogens and vectors to virgin areas. During a five-year project, the CLINF - a Nordic Center of Excellence, funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers, has worked with the One Health concept, integrating environmental data with human and animal disease data in predictive models and creating maps of dynamic processes affecting the spread of infectious diseases. It is shown that tularemia outbreaks can be predicted even at a regional level with a manageable level of uncertainty. To decrease uncertainty, rapid development of new and harmonised technologies and databases is needed from currently highly heterogeneous data sources. A major source of uncertainty for the future of contaminants and infectious diseases in the Arctic, however, is associated with which paths the majority of the globe chooses to follow in the future. Diplomacy is one of the most powerful tools Arctic nations have to influence these choices of other nations, supported by Arctic science and One Health approaches that recognise the interconnection between people, animals, plants and their shared environment at the local, regional, national and global levels as essential for achieving a sustainable development for both the Arctic and the globe.
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| 2. |
- Tokarevich, N., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of air temperature variation on the ixodid ticks habitat and tick-borne encephalitis incidence in the Russian Arctic : the case of the Komi Republic
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The causes of the recent rise of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) incidence in Europe are discussed. Our objective was to estimate the impact of air temperature change on TBE incidence in the European part of the Russian Arctic. Methods: We analysed the TBE incidence in the Komi Republic (RK) over a 42-year period in relation to changes in local annual average air temperature, air temperature during the season of tick activity, tick abundance, TBE-prevalence in ticks, tick-bite incidence rate, and normalised difference vegetation index within the area under study. Results: In 1998-2011 in RK a substantial growth of TBE virus (TBEV) prevalence both in questing and feeding ticks was observed. In 1992-2011 there was 23-fold growth of the tick-bite incidence rate in humans, a northward shift of the reported tick bites, and the season of tick bites increased from 4 to 6 months. In 1998-2011 there was more than 6-fold growth of average annual TBE incidence compared with 1970-1983 and 1984-1997 periods. This resulted both from the northward shift of TBE, and its growth in the south. In our view it was related to local climate change as both the average annual air temperature, and the air temperature during the tick activity season grew substantially. We revealed in RK a strong correlation between the change in the air temperature and that in TBE incidence. The satellite data showed NDVI growth within RK, i.e. alteration of the local ecosystem under the influence of climate change. Conclusions: The rise in TBE incidence in RK is related considerably to the expansion of the range of Ixodes persulcatus. The territory with reported TBE cases also expanded northward. Climate change is an important driver of TBE incidence rate growth.
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| 3. |
- Evengård, Birgitta, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Healthy ecosystems for human and animal health : Science diplomacy for responsible development in the Arctic
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Polar Record. - : Cambridges Institutes Press. - 0032-2474 .- 1475-3057. ; 57
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate warming is occurring most rapidly in the Arctic, which is both a sentinel and a driver of further global change. Ecosystems and human societies are already affected by warming. Permafrost thaws and species are on the move, bringing pathogens and vectors to virgin areas. During a five-year project, the CLINF - a Nordic Center of Excellence, funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers, has worked with the One Health concept, integrating environmental data with human and animal disease data in predictive models and creating maps of dynamic processes affecting the spread of infectious diseases. It is shown that tularemia outbreaks can be predicted even at a regional level with a manageable level of uncertainty. To decrease uncertainty, rapid development of new and harmonised technologies and databases is needed from currently highly heterogeneous data sources. A major source of uncertainty for the future of contaminants and infectious diseases in the Arctic, however, is associated with which paths the majority of the globe chooses to follow in the future. Diplomacy is one of the most powerful tools Arctic nations have to influence these choices of other nations, supported by Arctic science and One Health approaches that recognise the interconnection between people, animals, plants and their shared environment at the local, regional, national and global levels as essential for achieving a sustainable development for both the Arctic and the globe.
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| 4. |
- Revich, B. A., et al.
(författare)
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Air Pollution And Public Health In A Megalopolis : A Case Study Of Moscow
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ekonomika regiona. ; 12:4, s. 1069-1078
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A rapidly growing number of megalopolises in the world leads to some substantial problems to environmentalconditions of their population. One of these problems is the intensification of motor traffic, which contributesto air pollution measured as average concentrations of several air pollutants and climate change inthe form of more frequent heat waves and cold spells. The present study analyzes the selected indicators ofenvironmental health in Moscow, the largest Russian megalopolis which contributes for adoption of soundand evidence-based health risk management policies. Individual carcinogenic risks attributed to traffic emissionsvaried across the study area of 400 km2 between 3 × 10 -4 and 6.53 × 10 -4 which is typical for most megalopolisesin the economically developed countries. However, the carcinogenic risks in some districts may exceedthe threshold of 10 -3 which is regarded as unacceptable. The total population carcinogenic risk for 3.5million people who lived in the study area with intense road traffic was 23 additional cases of malignant neoplasmsper year or 1513 cases per 70 years. Additional mortality during the extreme heat episode in the summerof 2010, when forest and peat fires caused exceptionally high levels of smog in Moscow, reached 11,000deaths. The measures to be taken by the executive authorities include informing the residents about the onsetof extreme heat by means of an early warning system, and rating the relative severity of heat and air pollutionaccording to a 4-point scale.
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