| 1. |
- Hansson, Josef, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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A review of recent progress of thermal interface materials: from research to industrial applications
- 2016
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Ingår i: IMAPS Nordic Annual Conference 2016 Proceedings; Tonsberg; Norway; 5 - 7 June 2016. - 9781510827226
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing trend of further scaling down electronic components put an increasing demand for more efficient cooling. A significant part of the thermal resistance from source to ambient occurs at the interface between materials, and thermal interface materials are crucial for efficient heat transfer. Recent years have seen a significant amount of progress various types of thermal interface materials. In this review, the field of thermal interface materials (TIMs) development is summarized and analyzed, focusing on three topics which have received attention at a research level, and their road towards market applicability. The first topic is development in particle laden polymers, which uses thermally conductive filler particles in a polymer matrix. New development is focused on novel fillers such as h-BN or carbon based fillers, and hybrid filler combinations. The next topic is continuous metal phase TIMs, which includes solder and liquid metal TIMs. The thermal performance is already very good, and development is largely focused on improving the mechanical properties. Finally, the last topic is carbon nanotube array TIMs, which used chemical vapor deposition-grown carbon nanotube arrays as bridging material. The concept has promise for great performance in both handling, mechanical stability and thermal performance, but is still at a research stage. In addition to these topics, a quantitative study on the progress of thermal interface materials development is made, both in terms of research papers published and in terms of patents filed. The study shows a stable trend of continuous development on all levels and concludes that significant improvements can be expected to continue in the future.
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| 2. |
- Håkonsen, Helle, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Preferences for medicines with different environmental impact – a Swedish population-based study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental Advances. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-7657. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Despite increased insight into the harmful effects medicines have on the environment, research is scarce on how this awareness affect consumer behaviour and how people would react to environmental policies that could influence individual treatment options. Objectives: To investigate if information about environmental harm would affect people’s medicine choices and the support of policies to reduce pharmaceutical pollution. Methods: A web survey was completed by a representative sample of the Swedish adult population (n=1,583). The survey included a choice task with three disease scenarios (common cold, rheumatoid arthritis, and stroke) and fictitious medicines with different therapeutic effect and environmental harm. There were also items asking for support of possible policies (eco-labelling of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, higher prices for environmentally harmful medicines, and green prescribing requirements). Results: The most environmentally friendly and least effective options were preferred by 68% of the participants in the common cold scenario, 36% in the rheumatoid arthritis scenario, and 23% in the stroke scenario. These were rated highest in satisfaction with treatment option for the common cold (large effect) and rheumatoid arthritis (small effect) scenarios. Regarding stroke, the most effective and least environmentally friendly options were most preferred. Reported support of policies were consistently high. The highest was the support of ecolabelling of OTC medicines, followed by higher prices for environmentally harmful medicines, and green prescribing requirements (in that order). Female sex, age ≥ 60 years, higher education and having no children were associated with being positively inclined towards the most intrusive regulation (green prescribing requirements). Conclusion: There is a willingness among people in Sweden to take environmental considerations into account for minor ailments, which gradually disappears when faced with more serious diseases. Swedes support policies that could lead to more environmentally friendly medicine use, including those that affect individual treatment options.
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| 3. |
- Satwara, Maulik, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Finite element analysis of bond line thickness and fiber distribution in solder based thermal interface materials
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 IMAPS Nordic Conference on Microelectronics Packaging, NordPac 2017, Goteborg, Sweden, 18-20 June 2017. - 9781538630556 ; , s. 167-171
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As microelectronic devices continue to decrease in size, failure of these devices is commonly attributed to ineffectual thermal management. Hence, increased thermal failures at elevated temperature has accounted for some of their reliability concerns and expected to be a major bottleneck for future development of microelectronics. For the thermal management, solder based materials give a better performance as thermal interface materials (TIM). However, these materials have a marginal reliability due to their higher Young's modulus. Therefore new type of solder based nano polymer composite (SMNPC) material is introduced. The SMNPC is composed of Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) infiltrated through a silver coated PA6, 6 polymer fiber mesh to address electrical, thermal and mechanical challenges. In this work, finite element modeling was employed to investigate the thermal and mechanical properties of the composite material by varying polymer distribution, total volume of polymer and bond fine thickness (BLT). The composite is demonstrated to possess high heat transfer capability and lower elastic modulus as shown in Figure 1. All the results demonstrate that the developed SMNPC is proved a good alternative for conventional TIMs to improve thermal and mechanical properties.
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