| 1. |
- Wendisch, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Atmospheric and Surface Processes, and Feedback Mechanisms Determining Arctic Amplification: A Review of First Results and Prospects of the (AC)(3) Project
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. - : American Meteorological Society. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 104:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mechanisms behind the phenomenon of Arctic amplification are widely discussed. To contribute to this debate, the (AC)(3) project was established in 2016 (www.ac3-tr.de/). It comprises modeling and data analysis efforts as well as observational elements. The project has assembled a wealth of ground-based, airborne, shipborne, and satellite data of physical, chemical, and meteorological properties of the Arctic atmosphere, cryosphere, and upper ocean that are available for the Arctic climate research community. Short-term changes and indications of long-term trends in Arctic climate parameters have been detected using existing and new data. For example, a distinct atmospheric moistening, an increase of regional storm activities, an amplified winter warming in the Svalbard and North Pole regions, and a decrease of sea ice thickness in the Fram Strait and of snow depth on sea ice have been identified. A positive trend of tropospheric bromine monoxide (BrO) column densities during polar spring was verified. Local marine/biogenic sources for cloud condensation nuclei and ice nucleating particles were found. Atmospheric-ocean and radiative transfer models were advanced by applying new parameterizations of surface albedo, cloud droplet activation, convective plumes and related processes over leads, and turbulent transfer coefficients for stable surface layers. Four modes of the surface radiative energy budget were explored and reproduced by simulations. To advance the future synthesis of the results, cross-cutting activities are being developed aiming to answer key questions in four focus areas: lapse rate feedback, surface processes, Arctic mixed-phase clouds, and airmass transport and transformation.
|
|
| 2. |
- Kroeze, Leonie I., et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of a Hybrid Capture-Based Pan-Cancer Panel for Analysis of Treatment Stratifying Oncogenic Aberrations and Processes
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Diagnostics. - : Elsevier. - 1525-1578 .- 1943-7811. ; 22:6, s. 757-769
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stratification of patients for targeted and immune-based therapies requires extensive genomic profiling that enables sensitive detection of clinically relevant variants and interrogation of biomarkers, such as tumor mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI). Detection of single and multiple nucleotide variants, copy number variants, MSI, and TMB was evaluated using a commercially available next-generation sequencing panel containing 523 cancer-related genes (1.94 megabases). Analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections and cytologic material from 45 tumor samples showed that all previously known MSI-positive samples (n = 7), amplifications (n = 9), and pathogenic variants (n = 59) could be detected. TMB and MSI scores showed high intralaboratory and interlaboratory reproducibility (eight samples tested in 11 laboratories). For reliable TMB analysis, 20 ng DNA was shown to be sufficient, even for relatively poor-quality samples. A minimum of 20% neoplastic cells was required to minimize variations in TMB values induced by chromosomal instability or tumor heterogeneity. Subsequent analysis of 58 consecutive lung cancer samples in a diagnostic setting was successful and revealed sufficient somatic mutations to generate mutational signatures in 14 cases. In conclusion, the 523-gene assay can be applied for evaluation of multiple DNA-based biomarkers relevant for treatment selection.
|
|
