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- Klets, Olesya, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison between a subject-specific and a scaled generic musculoskeletal model of the lower extremities in a subject with unilateral cerebral palsy
- 2011
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Ingår i: Clinical Biomechanics. - 0268-0033 .- 1879-1271.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this paper was to develop methods to build a subject-specific musculoskeletal model of the lower extremities based on MRIs of a subject with unilateral CP, and to determine whether a scaled generic musculoskeletal model is accurate enough to characterize MTLs and MALs of 70 muscles in both lower limbs during gait in a subject with unilateral cerebral palsy. We found, that the generic models produced accurate values for changes in MTL during gait for almost all muscles, except adductor longus, adductor magnus, adductor brevis, quadratus femoris, pectineus, extensor digitorum longus, soleus, lateral gastrocnemius, and medial gastrocnemius. MALs computed from the scaled generic model, however, differed considerably from those computed from the subject-specific model. Upon comparison of hip, knee and ankle MALs in affected and non-affected sides of the lower extremities, the scaled generic model generally failed to identify level arm dysfunction in the subject with unilateral CP
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- Ottosson Bitar, Astrid, 1962-
(författare)
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“I Can Do Nothing against the Wish of the Pen” : Studies in the Short Stories of Widād Sakākīnī
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study focuses on the short story writing of the Lebanese/Syrian writer Widād Sakākīnī (1913-1991). Its primary aim is to discover how she was able to establish herself as a respected writer while keeping her distinctive character as a woman writer within a literary tradition that was strongly defined by patriarchal values and contained many misogynic elements. An additional aim of the study is to present Widād Sakākīnī’s life and milieu alongside her works.The study is based on the assumption that the fact that Widād Sakākīnī was a woman, that is, a representative of a normally silenced community, working within a literary tradition dominated by men, influenced both the form and the content of her writing. Theoretically the study has been influenced by Sandra Gilbert’s and Susan Gubar’s way of considering texts by early women writers as palimpsests; under the conventional and socially accepted surface deeper and less socially accepted levels of meaning can be found. With the help of structuralist theories (A.J. Greimas’ model for interpreting the narrative plot as interpreted by Pil Dahlerup, Irene Engelstad and Irene Iversen and used by them for studying texts written by women writers and Susan Sniader Lanser’s theories about women writers’ use of the narrative voice) as well as poststructuralist theories about intertextuality (Genette and Culler) the study has identified various literary strategies used by Widād Sakākīnī to conform to the dominant male discourse within which she was working while preserving her own identity as a woman writer. The study shows that she skillfully managed to create new, and sometimes, subversive meanings to traditional themes and motifs used in her texts.
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- Riad, Jacques, et al.
(författare)
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Are Muscle Volume Differences Related to Concentric Muscle Work During Walking in Spastic Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0009-921X .- 1528-1132. ; 470:5, s. 1278-1285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Individuals with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy are typically high functioning and walk without assistive devices. The involved limb is usually smaller and shorter, although it is not clear whether the difference in muscle volume has an impact on walking capacity. Questions/purposes: We determined the volume of muscles important for propulsion and related that volume to concentric muscle work during walking on the hemiplegic and noninvolved sides in patients with cerebral palsy. Patients and Methods: We studied 46 patients (mean age, 17.6 years; range, 13-24 years) with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy. We assessed muscle volume using MRI and concentric muscle work in the sagittal plane from the hip, knee, and ankle using three-dimensional gait analysis. Patients were classified by Winters' criteria to assess the involvement of cerebral palsy and movement pattern during walking. Results: On the hemiplegic side, muscles were smaller, except for the gracilis muscle, and concentric muscle work from the ankle plantar flexors, knee extensors, and hip flexors and extensors was lower compared to the noninvolved side. Hip extensor work was higher on the hemiplegic and the noninvolved sides compared to a control group of 14 subjects without cerebral palsy. Hemiplegic to noninvolved volume ratios correlated with work ratios (r = 0.40-0.66). The Winters classification and previous calf muscle surgery predicted work ratios. Conclusions: Our observations of smaller muscles on the hemiplegic side and changes in muscle work on both sides can help us distinguish between primary deviations that may potentially be treatable and compensatory mechanisms that should not be treated.
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