| 1. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
- 2021
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Ingår i: eLife. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.
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| 2. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Alves, Marina Amaral, et al.
(författare)
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Systems biology approaches to study lipidomes in health and disease
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. - : Elsevier. - 1388-1981 .- 1879-2618. ; 1866:2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lipids have many important biological roles, such as energy storage sources, structural components of plasma membranes and as intermediates in metabolic and signaling pathways. Lipid metabolism is under tight homeostatic control, exhibiting spatial and dynamic complexity at multiple levels. Consequently, lipid-related disturbances play important roles in the pathogenesis of most of the common diseases. Lipidomics, defined as the study of lipidomes in biological systems, has emerged as a rapidly-growing field. Due to the chemical and functional diversity of lipids, the application of a systems biology approach is essential if one is to address lipid functionality at different physiological levels. In parallel with analytical advances to measure lipids in biological matrices, the field of computational lipidomics has been rapidly advancing, enabling modeling of lipidomes in their pathway, spatial and dynamic contexts. This review focuses on recent progress in systems biology approaches to study lipids in health and disease, with specific emphasis on methodological advances and biomedical applications.
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| 6. |
- Hansson, Nicolaj C., et al.
(författare)
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The impact of calcium volume and distribution in aortic root injury related to balloon-expandable transcatheter aortic valve replacement
- 2015
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 1934-5925. ; 9:5, s. 382-392
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A detailed assessment of calcium within the aortic root may provide important additional information regarding the risk of aortic root injury during transcatheter heart valve replacement (TAVR). Objective: We sought to delineate the effect of calcium volume and distribution on aortic root injury during TAVR. Methods: Thirty-three patients experiencing aortic root injury during TAVR with a balloon-expandable valve were compared with a control group of 153 consecutive TAVR patients without aortic root injury (as assessed by post-TAVR multidetector CT). Using commercial software to analyze contrast-enhanced pre-TAVR CT scans, caltium volume was determined in 3 regions: (1) the overall left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), extending 10 mm down from the aortic annulus plane; (2) the upper LVOT, extending 2 mm down from the annulus plane; and (3) the aortic valve region. Results: Calcium volumes in the upper LVOT (median, 29 vs 0 mm(3); P less than .0001) and overall LVOT (median, 74 vs 3 mm(3); P = .0001) were higher in patients who experienced aortic root injury compared with the control group. Calcium in the aortic valve region did not differ between groups. Upper LVOT calcium volume was more predictive of aortic root injury than overall LVOT calcium volume (area under receiver operating curve [AUG]; 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.69-0.86 vs AUC, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.62-0.82; P = .010). Upper LVOT calcium below the noncoronary cusp was significantly more predictive of aortic root injury compared to calcium underneath the right coronary cusp or the left coronary cusp (AUC, 0.81 vs 0.68 vs 0.64). Prosthesis oversizing greater than20% (likelihood ratio test, P = .028) and redilatation (likelihood ratio test, P = .015) improved prediction of aortic root injury by upper LVOT calcium volume. Conclusion: Calcification of the LVOT, especially in the upper LVOT, located below the noncoronary cusp and extending from the annular region, is predictive of aortic root injury during TAVR with a balloon-expandable valve. (C) 2015 Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Lamichhane, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
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Linking Gut Microbiome and Lipid Metabolism : Moving beyond Associations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Metabolites. - : MDPI. - 2218-1989 .- 2218-1989. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Various studies aiming to elucidate the role of the gut microbiome-metabolome co-axis in health and disease have primarily focused on water-soluble polar metabolites, whilst non-polar microbial lipids have received less attention. The concept of microbiota-dependent lipid biotransformation is over a century old. However, only recently, several studies have shown how microbial lipids alter intestinal and circulating lipid concentrations in the host, thus impacting human lipid homeostasis. There is emerging evidence that gut microbial communities play a particularly significant role in the regulation of host cholesterol and sphingolipid homeostasis. Here, we review and discuss recent research focusing on microbe-host-lipid co-metabolism. We also discuss the interplay of human gut microbiota and molecular lipids entering host systemic circulation, and its role in health and disease.
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| 8. |
- Lindh, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Bone quality assessment in routine dental implant treatment among Brazilian and Swedish specialists
- 2014
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Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 25:9, s. 1004-1009
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate the interpretation and assessment of bone quality among Brazilian and Swedish specialist performing implant treatment. Material and methods: A questionnaire was developed containing open and closed questions on attitudes, knowledge, and understanding of diagnostic methods for bone quality assessment. The questionnaire was sent by mail to dental implant specialists in Brazil while the Swedish version was Web-based and sent to specialists in periodontology and maxillofacial surgery. The response rate in the Brazilian group was 15.4% and in the Swedish group 36.5%. Results: Most respondents in both groups considered bone quality to be an important parameter for implant treatment outcome. Among Swedish specialists, bone quality, however, was considered to be of low relevance. The most popular method for assessing bone quality among Swedish specialists was the hand-felt perception of drilling resistance followed by radiography. The Brazilian specialists more often used peak insertion torque. Most respondents classified bone quality, and both groups used the classification proposed by Lekholm & Zarb (Tissue-Integratedprosthesis: Osseointegration in Clinical Dentistry, 1985, Quintessence, Chicago) most frequently. Conclusion: Specialists in both countries considered bone quality to be an important parameter for implant treatment outcome, but there was no consensus neither on what bone quality means nor on how to assess bone quality.
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