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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Chaplin, John, et al.
(författare)
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Varför ska du använda PROMIS? : Nytt system för patientrapporterad utfallsmått
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- PROMIS är ett itembanksystem för hälso- och sjukvården. Syftet är att erbjuda moderna, patientrapporterade mått som kan användas för flertalet patientgrupper till en mycket låg kostnad och med ett nationellt supportsystem.En itembankär en modern form av elektronisk enkät som kan innehålla ett stort antal enkätfrågor. Ett datorprogram väljer ut de mest lämpade frågorna till varje person utifrån dennes svar på föregående frågor, på så sätt enkäten individanpassas.
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| 3. |
- Fuerst, Johannes J., et al.
(författare)
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The Ice-Free Topography of Svalbard
- 2018
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 45:21, s. 11760-11769
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a first version of the Svalbard ice-free topography (SVIFT1.0) using a mass conserving approach for mapping glacier ice thickness. SVIFT1.0 is informed by more than 1 million point measurements, totalling more than 8,700 km of thickness profiles. SVIFT1.0 is publicly available and represents the geometric state around the year 2010. Our estimate for the total ice volume is 6,199 km(3), equivalent to 1.5-cm sea level rise. The thickness map suggests that 13% of the glacierized area is grounded below sea level. A complementary map of error estimates comprises uncertainties in the thickness surveys as well as in other input variables. Aggregated error estimates are used to define a likely ice-volume range of 5,200-7,300 km(3). The ice front thickness of marine-terminating glaciers is a key quantity for ice loss attribution because it controls the potential ice discharge by iceberg calving into the ocean. We find a mean ice front thickness of 135 m for the archipelago (likely range 123-158 m). Plain Language Summary Svalbard is an archipelago in the Arctic, north of Norway, which is comparable in size to the New York metropolitan area. Roughly half of it is covered by glacier ice. Yet to this day, the ice volume stored in the many glaciers on Svalbard is not well known. Many attempts have been made to infer a total volume estimate, but results differ substantially. This surprises because of the long research activity in this area. A large record of more than 1 million thickness measurements exists, making Svalbard an ideal study area for the application of a state-of-the-art mapping approach for glacier ice thickness. The mapping approach computes an ice volume that will raise global sea level by more than half an inch if instantaneously melted. If spread over the metropolitan area, New York would be buried beneath a 100-m ice cover. The asset of this approach is that it provides not only a thickness map for each glacier on the archipelago but also an error map that defines the likely local thickness range. Finally, we provide the first well-informed estimate of the ice front thickness of all marine-terminating glaciers that loose icebergs to the ocean. The archipelago-wide mean ice front cliff is 135 m.
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| 4. |
- Höög, Elisabet, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Quality improvement in large health care organizations : searching for system-wide and coherent monitoring and follow-up strategies
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Health Organization & Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1477-7266 .- 1758-7247. ; 30:1, s. 133-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the obstacles and challenges associated with organizational monitoring and follow-up (M & F) processes related to health care quality improvement (QI) and development.Design/methodology/approach: A longitudinal case study of a large health care organization during a system-wide QI intervention. Content analysis was conducted of repeated interviews with key actors and archival data collected over a period of four years.Findings: The demand for improved M & F strategies, and what and how to monitor were described by the respondents. Obstacles and challenges for achieving M & F strategies that enables system-wide and coherent development were found in three areas: monitoring, processing, and feedback and communication. Also overarching challenges were found.Practical implications: A model of important aspects of M & F systems is presented that can be used for analysis and planning and contribute to shared cognition of such systems. Approaches for systematic analysis and follow-up of identified problems have to be developed and fully incorporated in the organization’s measurement systems. A systematic M & F needs analytic and process-oriented competence, and this study highlights the potential in an organizational function with capacity and mandate for such tasks.Originality/value: Most health care systems are flooded with a vast amount of registers, records, and measurements. A key issue is how such data can be processed and refined to reflect the needs and the development process of the health care system and how rich data can be used for improvement purposes. This study presents key organizational actor’s view on important factors to consider when building a coherent organizational M & F strategy.
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| 5. |
- Ignatiuk, Dariusz, et al.
(författare)
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Ground penetrating radar measurement of snow in Svalbard - past, present, future (SnowGPR)
- 2023
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Ingår i: SESS report 2022 - The State of Environmental Science in Svalbard - an annual report. - : Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System (SIOS).
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is chapter 5 of the State of Environmental Science in Svalbard (SESS) report 2022.Snowpack covers 60-100% of all land in Svalbard, depending on the season, and it is very sensitive to changes in climate. Knowledge about the snowpack is important not just in itself, but also to understand how snow cover affects other components of Svalbard’s natural environment – land, sea, permafrost, glaciers, and the ecosystems that they support. Monitoring the evolution of Svalbard’s snow cover will be crucial as the world’s climate continues to warm.Ground-penetrating radars (GPRs) towed by snowmobile across glaciers and snowfields provide vital information about snowpack thickness and structure. Ideally, such surveys should be repeated annually for continuous monitoring of climate-induced change. Three decades ago, a GPR programme catalogued regional variations in snow accumulation. This should be repeated and expanded to cover all of Svalbard. The GPR method should also be further developed e.g. by mounting GPRs on drones, giving access to parts of glaciers that are too dangerous for researchers to visit. Lastly, women are encouraged to join the field of GPR-based research on snow.Most of the GPR data collected so far are not currently available in any data repository. The comprehensive compilation of available studies presented in this report, and the recommendations for metadata and data quality, are important first steps to making GPR data more accessible.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Lindbäck, Katrin, et al.
(författare)
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Subglacial topography, ice thickness, and bathymetry of Kongsfjorden, northwestern Svalbard
- 2018
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Ingår i: Earth System Science Data. - : COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH. - 1866-3508 .- 1866-3516. ; 10:4, s. 1769-1781
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Svalbard tidewater glaciers are retreating, which will affect fjord circulation and ecosystems when glacier fronts become land-terminating. Knowledge of the subglacial topography and bathymetry under retreating glaciers is important to modelling future scenarios of fjord circulation and glacier dynamics. We present high-resolution (150m gridded) digital elevation models of subglacial topography, ice thickness, and ice surface elevation of five tidewater glaciers in Kongsfjorden (1100 km(2)), northwestern Spitsbergen, based on similar to 1700 km airborne and ground-based ice-penetrating radar profiles. The digital elevation models (DEMs) cover the tidewater glaciers Blomstrandbreen, Conwaybreen, Kongsbreen, Kronebreen, and Kongsvegen and are merged with bathymetric and land DEMs for the non-glaciated areas. The large-scale subglacial topography of the study area is characterized by a series of troughs and highs. The minimum subglacial elevation is 180m above sea level (a.s.l.), the maximum subglacial elevation is 1400m a.s.l., and the maximum ice thickness is 740m. Three of the glaciers, Kongsbreen, Kronebreen, and Kongsvegen, have the potential to retreat by similar to 10 km before they become land-terminating. The compiled data set covers one of the most studied regions in Svalbard and is valuable for future studies of glacier dynamics, geology, hydrology, and fjord circulation.
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| 8. |
- Sevestre, Heidi, et al.
(författare)
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Tidewater Glacier Surges Initiated at the Terminus
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Earth Surface. - : AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION. - 2169-9003 .- 2169-9011. ; 123:5, s. 1035-1051
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There have been numerous reports that surges of tidewater glaciers in Svalbard were initiated at the terminus and propagated up-glacier, in contrast with downglacier-propagating surges of land-terminating glaciers. Most of these surges were poorly documented, and the cause of this behavior was unknown. We present detailed data on the recent surges of two tidewater glaciers, Aavatsmarkbreen and Wahlenbergbreen, in Svalbard. High-resolution time series of glacier velocities and evolution of crevasse patterns show that both surges propagated up-glacier in abrupt steps. Prior to the surges, both glaciers underwent retreat and steepening, and in the case of Aavatsmarkbreen, we demonstrate that this was accompanied by a large increase in driving stress in the terminal zone. The surges developed in response to two distinct processes. (1) During the late quiescent phase, internal thermodynamic processes and/or retreat from a pinning point caused acceleration of the glacier front, leading to the development of terminal crevasse fields. (2) Crevasses allowed surface meltwater and rainwater to access the bed, causing flow acceleration and development of new crevasses up-glacier. Upward migration of the surge coincided with stepwise expansion of the crevasse field. Geometric changes near the terminus of these glaciers appear to have led to greater strain heating, water production, and storage at the glacier bed. Water routing via crevasses likely plays an important role in the evolution of surges. The distinction between internally triggered surges and externally triggered speedups may not be straightforward. The behavior of these glaciers can be understood in terms of the enthalpy cycle model.
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| 9. |
- Vallot, Dorothée, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Basal dynamics of Kronebreen, a fast-flowing tidewater glacier in Svalbard : non-local spatio-temporal response to water input
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Glaciology. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0022-1430 .- 1727-5652. ; 63:242, s. 1012-1024
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We evaluate the variability in basal friction for Kronebreen, Svalbard, a fast-flowing tidewater glacier. We invert 3 years (2013–15) of surface velocities at high temporal resolution (generally 11 days), to estimate the changing basal properties of the glacier. Our results suggest that sliding behaviour of Kronebreen within a year is primarily influenced by changes in water input patterns during the meltwater season and basal friction is highly variable from a year to another. At present, models usually employ parameterisations to encompass the complex physics of glacier sliding by mathematically simulate their net effect. For such ice masses with strong seasonal variations of surface melt, the spatio-temporal patterns of basal friction imply that it is neither possible nor appropriate to use a parameterisation for bed friction that is fixed in space and/or time, at least in a timescale of a few years. Basal sliding may not only be governed by local processes such as basal topography or summer melt, but also be mediated by factors that vary over a larger distance and over a longer time period such as subglacial hydrology organisation, ice-thickness changes or calving front geometry.
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| 10. |
- Vallot, Dorothée, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of undercutting and sliding on calving : a global approach applied to Kronebreen, Svalbard
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Cryosphere. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1994-0416 .- 1994-0424. ; 12, s. 609-625
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we study the effects of basal friction, sub-aqueous undercutting and glacier geometry on the calving process by combining six different models in an offline-coupled workflow: a continuum-mechanical ice flow model (Elmer/Ice), a climatic mass balance model, a simple sub-glacial hydrology model, a plume model, an undercutting model and a discrete particle model to investigate fracture dynamics (Helsinki Discrete Element Model, HiDEM). We demonstrate the feasibility of reproducing the observed calving retreat at the front of Kronebreen, a tidewater glacier in Svalbard, during a melt season by using the output from the first five models as input to HiDEM. Basal sliding and glacier motion are addressed using Elmer/Ice, while calving is modelled by HiDEM. A hydrology model calculates subglacial drainage paths and indicates two main outlets with different discharges. Depending on the discharge, the plume model computes frontal melt rates, which are iteratively projected to the actual front of the glacier at subglacial discharge locations. This produces undercutting of different sizes, as melt is concentrated close to the surface for high discharge and is more diffuse for low discharge. By testing different configurations, we show that undercutting plays a key role in glacier retreat and is necessary to reproduce observed retreat in the vicinity of the discharge locations during the melting season. Calving rates are also influenced by basal friction, through its effects on near-terminus strain rates and ice velocity.
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