| 1. |
- Bergström, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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From Crew Resource Management to Operational Resilience
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the fourth Resilience engineering symposium. - 9782911256479 ; , s. 36-42
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper questions the correspondance between resilience engineering theory and the theoretical fundaments of traditional CRM training, with its related behavior assessments. Reviewing the theoretical roots of CRM it is concluded that such concepts are rather founded in the information processing paradigm hiding the complexities of adaption to rapidly changing situations. An alternative approach to team training and team performance assessment, called Operational Resilience, is introduced. Operational Resilience is rooted in complexity theory and in theorizing cognition as a distributed phenomenon. The most important principles of Operational Resilinece are the focus on processes of coordination and control rather than behaviors, analysis of emergent interactions in multi-professional settings, focus on local production of meaning instead of normative accounts of situation awareness (or similar constructions), and finally analysing how to bridge the gaps caused by the inherent system complexity instead of counting and categorizing errors.
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| 2. |
- Cedergren, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges in Designing Resilient Socio-technical Systems: A Case Study of Railway Tunnel Projects
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the fourth resilience engineering symposium. - 9782911256479
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a case study of decision-making at the design stage of a socio-technical system where resilience at the global level of the system was constrained by the local perspectives adopted by the different stakeholders. The study is based on interviews with key decision-makers involved in the design stage of six railway tunnel projects in Sweden. The results show that differences in roles and perspectives among the involved actors created double binds and led to extensive discussions and deadlocks during decision-making in the majority of the studied projects. In these projects agreements could only be reached by relying on the outcome from previous railway tunnel projects, regardless differences in project-specific aspects. A significant impact from local actors during decision-making increased the potential for suboptimizations and resulted in a limited focus on the system’s resilience from a regional and national perspective. The findings point at the need for more emphasis in the field of resilience engineering on crossorganisational aspects in order to gain increased understanding of the challenges related to improving resilience of socio-technical systems.
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| 3. |
- Rigaud, Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Impact: More Than Maritime Risk Assessment
- 2012
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 48, s. 1848-1854
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of a new technology, the definition of a new regulation or an organisational change aims to increase a positive performance (i.e. safety and cost effectiveness) or decrease a negative performance (i.e. occurrence of accidents or workload) in a system. However, change can also be the origin of consequences that have not been anticipated during the design phase. Such consequences can be positive, negative or damaging for the system. Consequently, an assessment phase is often integrated into technical, regulatory or organisational design activities. This assessment phase is generally structured with hazard identification and risk assessment steps that are followed by a cost benefit analysis and formulation of recommendations. The IMPACT project aims to extend the scope of the hazard identification phase generally based on traditional failure analysis methods (i.e. FMEA, THERP) by integrating stakeholder expertise and applying resilience engineering approaches of safety management. The project has also tested the possibility to use a cluster of bridge simulators together with a system for data collection and visualization in order to explore the consequences of change in maritime settings.
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