| 1. |
- Frans, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
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Trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder in the general population
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 111:4, s. 291-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine the lifetime prevalence of trauma experiences and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Questionnaire-assessed PTSD, the type of traumatic event experienced, perceived trauma impact, and trauma frequency in 1824 randomly selected men and women. PTSD lifetime prevalence was estimated at 5.6% with a 1 : 2 male-to-female ratio, in spite of men reporting greater trauma exposure. The highest PTSD risk was associated with sexual and physical assault, robbery and multiple trauma experiences. Controlling for trauma type did not account for gender differences, while controlling for experienced distress did. The conditional probability for PTSD varied as a function of trauma type, frequency and impact of the event, with increased rates associated with prevalent trauma exposure and higher perceived distress. The latter accounted for the gender effect, suggesting that gender differences in PTSD in part represent a generally greater vulnerability to stress in women.
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| 2. |
- Rimmo, P.-A., et al.
(författare)
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Older drivers' aberrant driving behaviour, impaired activity, and health as reasons for self-imposed driving limitations
- 2002
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F. - 1369-8478 .- 1873-5517. ; 5:1, s. 345-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study used a mail survey addressed to Swedish drivers aged between 55 and 92 years (n = 939) to study the relationship between driving exposure, health, and four types of self-reported aberrant driving behaviour as measured with a Swedish version of the driver behaviour questionnaire. Age and gender were the most important predictors of the tendency to sometimes avoid driving. However, even after accounting for age and gender, reports of own erroneous driving behaviour because of inattention (e.g., failure to notice a signal) and inexperience errors (viz., handling the car), as well as impaired health, were related to self-imposed driving limitations, whereas the violations and mistakes factors were not. Problems with activities of daily living were only marginally associated with self-imposed driving limitations, mediated through inattention and inexperience errors. The results support the notion that older drivers adjust their driving in response to their health and to the problems they experience while driving. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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