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- Aamodt, K., et al.
(författare)
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The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:S08002
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion detector at the CERN LHC which focuses on QCD, the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model. It is designed to address the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at extreme values of energy density and temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Besides running with Pb ions, the physics programme includes collisions with lighter ions, lower energy running and dedicated proton-nucleus runs. ALICE will also take data with proton beams at the top LHC energy to collect reference data for the heavy-ion programme and to address several QCD topics for which ALICE is complementary to the other LHC detectors. The ALICE detector has been built by a collaboration including currently over 1000 physicists and engineers from 105 Institutes in 30 countries, Its overall dimensions are 16 x 16 x 26 m(3) with a total weight of approximately 10 000 t. The experiment consists of 18 different detector systems each with its own specific technology choice and design constraints, driven both by the physics requirements and the experimental conditions expected at LHC. The most stringent design constraint is to cope with the extreme particle multiplicity anticipated in central Pb-Pb collisions. The different subsystems were optimized to provide high-momentum resolution as well as excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a broad range in momentum, up to the highest multiplicities predicted for LHC. This will allow for comprehensive studies of hadrons, electrons, muons, and photons produced in the collision of heavy nuclei. Most detector systems are scheduled to be installed and ready for data taking by mid-2008 when the LHC is scheduled to start operation, with the exception of parts of the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) and Electro Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). These detectors will be completed for the high-luminosity ion run expected in 2010. This paper describes in detail the detector components as installed for the first data taking in the summer of 2008.
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| 2. |
- Gudbergsen, H., et al.
(författare)
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Weight loss is effective for symptomatic relief in obese subjects with knee osteoarthritis independently of joint damage severity assessed by high-field MRI and radiography
- 2012
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Ingår i: Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1063-4584. ; 20:6, s. 495-502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: With an increasing prevalence of older and obese citizens, the problems of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) will escalate. Weight loss is recommended for obese KOA patients and in a majority of cases this leads to symptomatic relief. We hypothesized that pre-treatment structural status of the knee joint, assessed by radiographs, 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and knee-joint alignment, may influence the symptomatic changes following a significant weight reduction. Design: Patients were recruited from a Department of Rheumatology. Eligibility criteria were age above 50 years, body mass index >= 30 kg/m(2), primary KOA diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria and having verified structural damage. Patients underwent a 16 weeks dietary programme with formula products and counselling. MRI and radiographs of the most symptomatic knee were obtained at baseline and assessed for structural damage using the Boston-Leeds Osteoarthritis of the Knee Score, minimum joint space width and Kellgren Lawrence score. Imaging variables, muscle strength and degree of alignment, were examined as predictors of changes in Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and Outcome Measures in Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trials (OMERACT) - Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) Responder Criterion. Results: Structural damage at baseline assessed by imaging, muscle strength or knee-joint alignment showed no statistically significant association to changes in KOOS pain and function in daily living (r <= 0.13; P > 0.05) or the OMERACT-OARSI Responder Criterion (OR 0.48-1.68; P-values > 0.13). Conclusions: Presence of joint damage did not preclude symptomatic relief following a clinically relevant weight loss in older obese patients with KOA. Neither muscle strength nor knee-joint alignment was associated with the degree of symptomatic relief. (C) 2012 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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