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- Abubaker, Jamal, et al.
(författare)
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Short-Term Effects of Biogas Digestates and Pig Slurry Application on Soil Microbial Activity
- 2015
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Ingår i: Applied and Environmental Soil Science. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-7667 .- 1687-7675. ; 2015, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of four biogas digestates (BD-A, BD-B, BD-C, and BD-D) and pig slurry (PS) on soil microbial functions was assessed at application rates corresponding to 0–1120 kg-N ha−1. At dose corresponding to 140 kg-N ha−1, 30.9–32.5% of the carbon applied in BD-A, BD-C, and PS was utilized during 12 days, while for BD-B and BD-D corresponding utilization was 19.0 and 16.9%, respectively. All BDs resulted in net nitrogen assimilation at low rates (17.5–140 kg-N ha−1) but net mineralization dominated at higher rates. PS resulted in net mineralization at all application rates. All residues inhibited potential ammonium oxidation (PAO), with EC50-values ranging between 45 and 302 kg-N ha−1. Low rates of BDs appeared to weakly stimulate potential denitrification activity (PDA), while higher rates resulted in logarithmic decrease. The EC50-values for PDA were between 238 and 347 kg-N ha−1. No inhibition of PDA was observed after amendment with PS. In conclusion, biogas digestates inhibited ammonia oxidation and denitrification, which could be an early warning of potential hazardous substances in the digestates. However, this effect can also be regarded as positive, since it may reduce nitrogen losses.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Borg, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Speech and language development in a population of Swedish hearing-impaired pre-school-children, a cross-sectional study
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-5876 .- 1872-8464. ; 71:7, s. 1061-1077
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: There is little information on speech and language development in preschool children with mild, moderate or severe hearing impairment. The primary aim of the study is to establish a reference material for clinical use covering various aspects of speech and language functions and to relate test values to pure tone audiograms and parents' judgement of their children's hearing and language abilities. Methods: Nine speech and language tests were applied or modified, both classical tests and newly developed tests. Ninety-seven children with normal hearing and 156 with hearing impairment were tested. Hearing was 80 dB HL PTA or better in the best ear. Swedish was their strongest language. None had any additional diagnosed major handicaps. The children were 4-6 years of age. The material was divided into 10 categories of hearing impairment, 5 conductive and 5 sensorineural: unilateral; bilateral 0-20; 21-40; 41-60; 61-80 dB HL PTA. The tests, selected on the basis of a three component language model, are phoneme discrimination; rhyme matching; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT-III, word perception); Test for Reception of Grammar (TROG, grammar perception); prosodic phrase focus; rhyme construction; Word Finding Vocabulary Test (word production); Action Picture Test (grammar production); oral motor test. Results: Only categories with sensorineural toss showed significant differences from normal. Word production showed the most marked delay for 21-40 dB HL: 5 and 6 years p < 0.01; for 41-60 dB: 4 years p < 0.01 and 6 years p < 0.01 and 61-80 dB: 5 years p < 0.05. Phoneme discrimination 21-40 dB HL: 6 years p < 0.05; 41-60 dB: 4 years p < 0.01; 61-80 dB: 4 years p < 0.001, 5 years p < 0.001. Rhyme matching: no significant difference as compared to normal data. Word perception: sensorineural 41-60 dB HL: 6 years p < 0.05; 61-80 dB: 4 years p < 0.05; 5 years p < 0.01. Grammar perception: sensorineural 41-60 dB HL: 6 years p < 0.05; 61-80 dB: 5 years p < 0.05. Prosodic phrase focus: 41-60 dB HL: 5 years p < 0.01. Rhyme construction: 41-60 dB HL: 4 years p < 0.05. Grammar production: 61-80 dB HL: 5 years p < 0.01. Oral motor function: no differences. The Word production test showed a 1.5-2 years delay for sensorineural impairment 41-80 dB HL through 4-6 years of age. There were no differences between hearing-impaired boys and girls. Extended data for the screening test [E. Borg, A. Risberg, B. McAllister, B.M. Undemar, G. Edquist, A.C. Reinholdsson, et at., Language development in hearing-impaired children. Establishment of a reference material for a ""Language test for hearing-impaired children"", Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngot. 65 (2002) 15-26] are presented. Conclusions: Reference values for expected speech and language development are presented that cover nearly 60% of the studied population. The effect of the peripheral hearing impairment is compensated for in many children with hearing impairment up to 60 dB HL. Above that degree of impairment, language delay is more pronounced, probably due to a toss of acuity. The importance of central cognitive functions, speech reading and signing for compensation of peripheral limitations is pointed out.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Carlson, Erik, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Doing Harm : A Reply to Klocksiem
- 2023
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Ingår i: Utilitas. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0953-8208 .- 1741-6183. ; 35:3, s. 229-237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a recent article in this journal, Justin Klocksiem proposes a novel response to the widely discussed failure to benefit problem for the counterfactual comparative account of harm (CCA). According to Klocksiem, proponents of CCA can deal with this problem by distinguishing between facts about there being harm and facts about an agent's having done harm. In this reply, we raise three sets of problems for Klocksiem's approach.
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| 6. |
- Carlson, Erik, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Plural Harm : Plural Problems
- 2023
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Ingår i: Philosophical Studies. - : Springer Nature. - 0031-8116 .- 1573-0883. ; 180, s. 553-565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The counterfactual comparative account of harm faces problems in cases that involve overdetermination and preemption. An influential strategy for dealing with these problems, drawing on a suggestion made by Derek Parfit, is to appeal to plural harm—several events together harming someone. We argue that the most well-known version of this strategy, due to Neil Feit, as well as Magnus Jedenheim Edling’s more recent version, is fatally flawed. We also present some general reasons for doubting that the overdetermination and preemption problems for the counterfactual comparative account can be satisfactorily solved by appealing to plural harm.
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| 7. |
- Carlson, Erik, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Prudential Problems for the Counterfactual Comparative Account of Harm and Benefit
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Philosophical Quarterly. - : Oxford University Press. - 0031-8094 .- 1467-9213. ; 74:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we put forward two novel arguments against the counterfactual comparative account (CCA) of harm and benefit. In both arguments, the central theme is that CCA conflicts with plausible judgements about benefit and prudence.
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| 8. |
- Carlson, Erik, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Unruh's Hybrid Account of Harm
- 2023
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Ingår i: Theoria. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0040-5825 .- 1755-2567. ; 89:5, s. 748-754
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Charlotte Unruh has recently put forward a hybrid account of what it is to suffer harm – one that combines comparative and non-comparative elements. We raise two problems for Unruh's account. The first concerns killing and death; the second concerns the causing of temporarily low or high welfare.
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| 9. |
- Carlson, Erik, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Well-Being Counterfactualist Accounts of Harm and Benefit
- 2021
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Ingår i: Australasian Journal of Philosophy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0004-8402 .- 1471-6828. ; 99:1, s. 164-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Suppose that, for every possible event and person who would exist whether or not the event were to occur, there is a well-being level that the person would occupy if the event were to occur, and a well-being level that the person would occupy if the event were not to occur. Do facts about such connections between events and wellbeing levels always suffice to determine whether an event would harm or benefit a person? Many seemingly attractive accounts of harm and benefit entail an affirmative answer to this question, including the widely held Counterfactual Comparative Account (CCA). In this paper, however, we argue that all such accounts will be unsuccessful.
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| 10. |
- Elfgren, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Subjective experience of memory deficits related to clinical and neuroimaging findings.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 16:2, s. 84-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate cognitive impairment, psychiatric symptoms and cerebral blood flow (CBF) patterns in middle-aged (35–64 years) and younger old patients (65–74 years) with subjective experience of memory deficits. The study group was heterogeneous with patients fulfilling criteria for dementia, as well as patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and with non-verified cognitive impairment (non-MCI). Seventy per cent of the non-MCI patients reported long-lasting experiences of psychosocial stress tentatively causing the memory problems. The MCI patients were subdivided into two groups: MCI type 1 included patients with isolated memory impairment, while MCI type 2 included patients with memory impairment together with slight verbal and/or visuospatial impairments. CBF measurements comparing the two MCI groups with the non-MCI group were performed. The MCI type 2 showed reduced CBF in the left anterior medial temporal lobe as well as in parts of the posterior cingulate gyrus. The CBF pattern in MCI type 2 concurs with the pathophysiological process of Alzheimer’s disease. The results indicate that it is important to make a subdivision of MCI patients regarding the presence of isolated memory impairments or memory impairments together with other slight cognitive deficits.
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