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| 2. |
- Ahlberg, Eva-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Learning From Incident Reporting? : Analysis of Incidents Resulting in Patient Injuries in a Web-Based System in Swedish Health Care
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of patient safety. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1549-8417 .- 1549-8425. ; 16:4, s. 264-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Incident reporting (IR) systems have the potential to improve patient safety if they enable learningfrom the reported risks and incidents. The aim of this study was to investigate incidents registered in an IR system in a Swedish county council.Methods The study was conducted in the County Council of Östergötland, Sweden. Data were retrieved from the IR system, which included 4755 incidents occurring in somatic care that resulted in patient injuries from 2004 to 2012. One hundred correctly classified patient injuries were randomly sampled from 3 injury severity levels: injuries leading to deaths, permanent harm, and temporary harm. Three aspects were analyzed: handling of the incident, causes of the incident, and actions taken to prevent its recurrence.Results Of the 300 injuries, 79% were handled in the departments where they occurred. The department head decided what actions should be taken to prevent recurrence in response to 95% of the injuries. A total of 448 causes were identified for the injuries; problems associated with procedures, routines, and guidelines were most common. Decisions taken for 80% of the injuries could be classified using the IR system documentation and root cause analysis. The most commonly pursued type of action was change of work routine or guideline.Conclusions The handling, causes, and actions taken to prevent recurrence were similar for injuries of different severity levels. Various forms of feedback (information, education, and dialogue) were an integral aspect of the IR system. However, this feedback was primarily intradepartmental and did not yield much organizational learning.
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| 3. |
- Alm, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Stuttering in adults: the acoustic startle response, temperamental traits, and biological factors
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Communication Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9924 .- 1873-7994. ; 40:1, s. 1-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between stuttering and a range of variables of possible relevance, with the main focus on neuromuscular reactivity, and anxiety. The explorative analysis also included temperament, biochemical variables, heredity, preonset lesions, and altered auditory feedback (AAF). An increased level of neuromuscular reactivity in stuttering adults has previously been reported by [Guitar, B. (2003). Acoustic startle responses and temperament in individuals who stutter. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 46, 233-240], also indicating a link to anxiety and temperament. The present study included a large number of variables in order to enable analysis of subgroups and relations between variables. Totally 32 stuttering adults were compared with nonstuttering controls. The acoustic startle eyeblink response was used as a measure of neuromuscular reactivity. No significant group difference was found regarding startle, and startle was not significantly correlated with trait anxiety, stuttering severity, or AAF. Startle was mainly related to calcium and prolactin. The stuttering group had significantly higher scores for anxiety and childhood ADHD. Two subgroups of stuttering were found, with high versus low traits of childhood ADHD, characterized by indications of preonset lesions versus heredity for stuttering. The study does not support the view that excessive reactivity is a typical characteristic of stuttering. The increased anxiety is suggested to mainly be an effect of experiences of stuttering. Learning outcomes: As a result of reading this article, the reader will be able to: (a) critically discuss the literature regarding stuttering in relation to acoustic startle, anxiety, and temperament; (b) describe the effect of calcium on neuromuscular reactivity; (c) discuss findings supporting the importance of early neurological incidents in some cases of stuttering, and the relation between such incidents and traits of ADHD or ADD; and (d) discuss the role of genetics in stuttering.
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| 4. |
- Andrae, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Cooxidation in the auto-ignition of primary reference fuels and n-heptane/toluene blends
- 2005
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Ingår i: Combustion and Flame. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-2180 .- 1556-2921. ; 140:4, s. 267-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Auto-ignition of fuel mixtures was investigated both theoretically and experimentally to gain further understanding of the fuel chemistry. A homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine was run under different operating conditions with fuels of different RON and MON and different chemistries. Fuels considered were primary reference fuels and toluene/n-heptane blends. The experiments were modeled with a single-zone adiabatic model together with detailed chemical kinetic models. In the model validation, co-oxidation reactions between the individual fuel components were found to be important in order to predict HCCI experiments, shock-tube ignition delay time data, and ignition delay times in rapid compression machines. The kinetic models with added co-oxidation reactions further predicted that an n-heptane/toluene fuel with the same RON as the corresponding primary reference fuel had higher resistance to auto-ignition in HCCI combustion for lower intake temperatures and higher intake pressures. However, for higher intake temperatures and lower intake pressures the n-heptane/toluene fuel and the PRF fuel had similar combustion phasing.
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| 5. |
- Aspenberg, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Gävle Skärgård Naturvårdsinventering 1971-72 avseende RÖRLIGT FRILUFTSLIV och FÅGELLIV
- 1972
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- På uppdrag av länsstyrelsen i Gävleborgs län utfördes en naturvårdsinventering, som syftade till att samla beslutsunderlag i frågor om rörligt friluftsliv och fågelliv.Inventeringen gällde kustområdet från länsgränsen i söder t.o.m. I ggön inorr och genomfördes somrarna 1971 och 1972 . fältarbetet bestod dels av en taxering av häckande fågla, dels av en intervjuundersökning jämte kompletterande iakttagelser i syfte att samla material om det rörliga friluftslivet .Den ornitologiska inventeringen avslöjade inte några anmärkningsvärda fågelförekomster i Gävle skärgård, med undantag för ett par av landets större kolonier av silver tärna. I området häckade dock arter som skräntärna (1971) ock labb. Av änder dominerade vigg med ca 170 par, följd av svärta och småskrake. Bland vadarna var strandskata, roskarl och rödbena särskilt väl representerade. Anmärkningsvärt mycket vitfågel häckade i området, mest fiskmås (ca 1000 par) men också en hel del silltrut och gråtrut. Den begränsade övärlden är i jämförelse med innanför liggande strand relativt
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| 6. |
- Carlsson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Spatially resolved measurements of gas composition in a pressurised black liquor gasifier
- 2009
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Ingår i: Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy. - : Wiley. - 1944-7442 .- 1944-7450. ; 28:3, s. 316-323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Black liquor gasification is a new process for recovery of energy and chemicals in black liquor from the Kraft pulping process. The process can be combined with catalytic conversion of syngas into motor fuels. The potential for motor fuel production from black liquor in Sweden is to replace about 25% of the current consumption ofgasoline and diesel. For Finland the figure is even higher while for Canada it is about 14% and for the USA about 2%. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 28: 316-323, 2009.
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| 7. |
- Fogelstrand, Per, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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External collar inhibits balloon-induced intimal hyperplasia in rabbits.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of vascular research. - 1018-1172. ; 39:4, s. 361-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intimal hyperplasia is a common complication following vascular interventions. To understand the underlying pathophysiology, the focus has mainly been on the intima and media. The adventitia has been less investigated, although adventitial hyperplasia is seen together with intimal hyperplasia. If the adventitial response is an important part of the process, the adventitia might be a target to inhibit intimal hyperplasia. In the present study we investigated whether an external collar attenuating the adventitial thickness could inhibit a balloon-induced intimal hyperplasia. The common carotid artery was injured in rabbits (n = 6) with a 3-french balloon catheter. The mid portion of the injured artery was encircled with a silicone collar (diameter = 2.0 mm). After 14 days the balloon-induced neointima was reduced by 54 +/- 6.3% underneath the collar. The adventitial and medial thickenings were also attenuated (36 +/- 8.7 and 44 +/- 4.3%, respectively). This study demonstrates that intimal hyperplasia following balloon injury can be inhibited with an external collar. This supports the idea of the adventitia as a potential target to inhibit intimal hyperplasia.
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| 9. |
- Impellizzeri, Franco M., et al.
(författare)
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Patient-reported outcome measures for hip-related pain : A review of the available evidence and a consensus statement from the International Hip-related Pain Research Network, Zurich 2018
- 2020
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Ingår i: British journal of sports medicine. - : BMJ. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 54:14, s. 848-857
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hip-related pain is a well-recognised complaint among active young and middle-aged active adults. People experiencing hip-related disorders commonly report pain and reduced functional capacity, including difficulties in executing activities of daily living. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are essential to accurately examine and compare the effects of different treatments on disability in those with hip pain. In November 2018, 38 researchers and clinicians working in the field of hip-related pain met in Zurich, Switzerland for the first International Hip-related Pain Research Network meeting. Prior to the meeting, evidence summaries were developed relating to four prioritised themes. This paper discusses the available evidence and consensus process from which recommendations were made regarding the appropriate use of PROMs to assess disability in young and middle-aged active adults with hip-related pain. Our process to gain consensus had five steps: (1) systematic review of systematic reviews; (2) preliminary discussion within the working group; (3) update of the more recent high-quality systematic review and examination of the psychometric properties of PROMs according to established guidelines; (4) formulation of the recommendations considering the limitations of the PROMs derived from the examination of their quality; and (5) voting and consensus. Out of 102 articles retrieved, 6 systematic reviews were selected and assessed for quality according to AMSTAR 2 (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews). Two showed moderate quality. We then updated the most recent review. The updated literature search resulted in 10 additional studies that were included in the qualitative synthesis. The recommendations based on evidence summary and PROMs limitations were presented at the consensus meeting. The group makes the following recommendations: (1) the Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) and the International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT) instruments (long and reduced versions) are the most appropriate PROMs to use in young and middle-aged active adults with hip-related pain; (2) more research is needed into the utility of the HAGOS and the iHOT instruments in a non-surgical treatment context; and (3) generic quality of life measures such as the EuroQoL-5 Dimension Questionnaire and the Short Form Health Survey-36 may add value for researchers and clinicians in this field. We conclude that as none of the instruments shows acceptable quality across various psychometric properties, more methods studies are needed to further evaluate the validity of these PROMS-the HAGOS and iHOT-as well as the other (currently not recommended) PROMS.
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| 10. |
- Kalghatgi, Gautam T., et al.
(författare)
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Partially pre-mixed auto-ignition of gasoline to attain low smoke and low NOx at high load in a compression ignition engine and comparison with a diesel fuel
- 2007
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Ingår i: SAE technical paper series. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. - 0148-7191.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Swedish MK1 diesel fuel and a European gasoline of ∼95 RON have been compared in a single cylinder CI engine operating at 1200 RPM with an intake pressure of 2 bar abs., intake temperature of 40°C and 25% stoichiometric EGR at different fuelling rates and using different injection strategies. For the same operating conditions, gasoline always gives much lower smoke compared to the diesel fuel because of its higher ignition delay; this usually allows the heat release to be separate in time from the injection event. NOx can be controlled by EGR. With dual injection, for diesel fuel, there can be significant heat release during the compression stroke because of the pilot injection earlier in the compression stroke. For a fixed total fuelling rate, compared to single injection, this reduces fuel efficiency and increases the lowest achievable level of smoke. With gasoline, pilot injection helps reduce the maximum heat release rate for a given IMEP and enables heat release to occur later with low cyclic variation compared to single injection. This enables higher mean IMEP to be reached with lower smoke, NOx and maximum heat release rate compared to single injection. One of the operating points reached with gasoline with double injection had mean IMEP of 15.95 bar (stdev. 0.112 bar), AVL smoke opacity of 0.33% (FSN < 0.07), ISNOx of 0.58 g/kWh, ISFC of 179 g/kWh, ISHC of 2.9 g/kWh, ISCO of 6.8 g/kWh and peak pressure of ∼ 120 bar. At the same operating conditions, to get such low level of smoke with Swedish MK1 diesel fuel, IMEP has to be below 6.5 bar. There is scope for further improvements by increasing intake pressure and the EGR level and through optimisation of the injection and mixture preparation strategy e.g. more injection pulses and injector design e.g. more holes.
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