| 1. |
- Garte, S, et al.
(author)
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Metabolic gene polymorphism frequencies in control populations
- 2001
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In: Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. - 1055-9965. ; 10:12, s. 1239-1248
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 2. |
- Claquin, T, et al.
(author)
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Radiative forcing of climate by ice-age atmospheric dust
- 2003
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In: Climate Dynamics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0894 .- 0930-7575. ; 20:2-3, s. 193-202
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During glacial periods, dust deposition rates and inferred atmospheric concentrations were globally much higher than present. According to recent model results, the large enhancement of atmospheric dust content at the last glacial maximum (LGM) can be explained only if increases in the potential dust source areas are taken into account. Such increases are to be expected, due to effects of low precipitation and low atmospheric (CO2) on plant growth. Here the modelled three-dimensional dust fields from Mahowald et al. and modelled seasonally varying surface-albedo fields derived in a parallel manner, are used to quantify the mean radiative forcing due to modern (non-anthropogenic) and LGM dust. The effect of mineralogical provenance on the radiative properties of the dust is taken into account, as is the range of optical properties associated with uncertainties about the mixing state of the dust particles. The high-latitude (poleward of 45degrees) mean change in forcing (LGM minus modern) is estimated to be small (-0.9 to +0.2 W m(-2)), especially when compared to nearly -20 W m(-2) due to reflection from the extended ice sheets. Although the net effect of dust over ice sheets is a positive forcing (warming), much of the simulated high-latitude dust was not over the ice sheets, but over unglaciated regions close to the expanded dust source region in central Asia. In the tropics the change in forcing is estimated to be overall negative, and of similarly large magnitude (-2.2 to -3.2 W m(-2)) to the radiative cooling effect of low atmospheric (CO2). Thus, the largest long-term climatic effect of the LGM dust is likely to have been a cooling of the tropics. Low tropical sea-surface temperatures, low atmospheric (CO2) and high atmospheric dust loading may be mutually reinforcing due to multiple positive feedbacks, including the negative radiative forcing effect of dust.
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| 3. |
- Galderisi, Maurizio, et al.
(author)
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Recommendations of the European Association of Echocardiography : how to use echo-Doppler in clinical trials
- 2011
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In: European Journal of Echocardiography. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1525-2167 .- 1532-2114. ; 12:5, s. 339-353
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The European Association of Echocardiography (EAE) has developed the present recommendations to assist clinical researchers in the design, implementation, and conduction of echocardiographic protocols for clinical trials and to guarantee their quality. Clinical trials should be designed and conducted based on the knowledge of the pathophysiology of the clinical condition studied, the technical characteristics of the echo-Doppler modalities, and the variability of the tested parameters. These procedures are important to choose the most reliable and reproducible techniques and parameters. Quality assurance must be guaranteed by adequate training of peripheral site operators to obtain optimal echo-Doppler data and by using a core laboratory for accurate and reproducible data analysis.
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| 4. |
- Popescu, Bogdan A, et al.
(author)
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European Association of Echocardiography recommendations for training, competence, and quality improvement in echocardiography
- 2009
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In: European Journal of Echocardiography. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1525-2167 .- 1532-2114. ; 10:8, s. 893-905
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The main mission statement of the European Association of Echocardiography (EAE) is 'to promote excellence in clinical diagnosis, research, technical development, and education in cardiovascular ultrasound in Europe'. As competence and quality control issues are increasingly recognized by patients, physicians, and payers, the EAE has established recommendations for training, competence, and quality improvement in echocardiography. The purpose of this document is to provide the requirements for training and competence in echocardiography, to outline the principles of quality measurement, and to recommend a set of measures for improvement, with the ultimate goal of raising the standards of echocardiographic practice in Europe.
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