| 1. |
- Luo, Yifei, et al.
(författare)
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Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:6, s. 5211-5295
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
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| 2. |
- Bohman, Stina, 1975-
(författare)
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Omsorg om livet : Spädbarnsdödlighetens förändring i Ådalen under 1800-talet
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the first half of the nineteenth century infant mortality rates in Ådalen, an agrarian region in northern Sweden, were among the highest in the country. During the second half of the century the region experienced a rapid population growth and a restructuring of the economy in conjunction with the expansion of the sawmill industry. Infant mortality rates peaked in the 1870s but then declined to a level near the national average, despite the pressures of rapid industrialisation. Using an analytical model which emphasizes the role of the mother in infant care, variables that affect infant mortality are considered. The central argument is that a mother can either lessen or increase the impact of detrimental influences on infant survival, depending on her store of knowledge and how she is able to use it. The variables are broadly grouped into three categories: socio-economic, cultural and medical/health issues. The primary sources are church records, provincial physician’s reports and folklore documents. The results demonstrate that socio-economic factors were only important in the sense that better living conditions made it easier for a mother to care for her child. The high level of infant mortality in the region was due mainly to cultural factors that resulted in a weak breast-feeding tradition. Since it was thought that breast milk was insufficient, infants were put on a diet containing herring and gruel served in cow’s horn at a very early age, resulting in a variety of diarrhoeal afflictions. Although the provincial physicians strongly recommended breast feeding, most mothers continued the practice and the tradition remained unchanged. The decline of infant mortality was mainly due to the impact of midwives. They introduced new hygienic practices in conjunction with deliveries and in the handling of supplementary foods which resulted in a decrease of both neonatal and post-neonatal deaths.
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| 3. |
- Garpenhag, Lars, 1981-
(författare)
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Kriminaldårar : Sinnessjuka brottslingar och straffrihet i Sverige, ca 1850–1930
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to explain how the management of insane offenders operated and changed in Sweden in the approximate period 1850–1930. The investigation concerns primarily a level of practice, i.e. how insane offenders were treated in courts and insane asylums as a part of the everyday activities of these institutions. Their treatment depended on a double set of social categorizations. In the courts the insane had to be discerned from the sane, and at asylums criminals were distinguished from non-criminal patients. Asylum patient records and other sources are used to examine different aspects of the the trial and post-trial treatment of insane offenders, as well as their social composition as a group.It is shown that during the period of study, the management of criminal cases of this kind went through important changes. One important change was that the boundaries of criminal responsibility shifted when new kinds of deviant mental conditions came to be taken into consideration as grounds for exemption from punishment. An important observation is that the division of labor in trials, between lawyers and physicians, as well as between medical professionals, was a harmonious one. No conflicts of a more general nature are noticeable in the studied cases. In contemporary discussions criminals were often described as a problematic type of psychiatric patients, characterized by traits making them unsuitable for care in regular asylums. The investigation shows that insane offenders were subject to different kinds of special treatment, regarding e.g. their release from asylum care, attempts to religious and moral reform, and through considerations surrounding security and discipline. However, despite the frequent portrayal of criminal patients as troublesome, most of them remained in regular psychiatric institutions, and there is ample evidence that individual criminals could enjoy the same liberties and privileges as other patients.
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