| 1. |
- Lehtveer, Mariliis, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Estonian energy supply strategy assessment for 2035 and its vulnerability to climate driven shocks
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy. - : Wiley. - 1944-7442 .- 1944-7450. ; 35:2, s. 469-478
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estonia is a relatively small country with a limited supply of indigenous energy resources mainly consisting of oil shale, wood, and peat. Estonia is also the only country in Europe with a dominant electricity production by burning oil shale. Around 90% of the overall electric energy production in Estonia comes from the Narva Power Plants. This presents great challenges and problems due to massive emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere as well as radiological impact on the environment. Therefore, the current energy supply strategy can be considered hazardous and an unpopular choice for future energy system planning. In this article, we analyze the current energy policy as well as inclusion of new strategies to produce electricity for Estonia for a target year of 2035. We use a computer model Model for Supply Strategy Alternatives and their General Environmental Impacts (MESSAGE) to provide optimization and aim in helping the policymakers in the Estonian decision making process. We also add a specific case in the MESSAGE model to examine the ability of the current electricity supply strategy to handle climate related shocks with a special focus on cold weather in two plausible cases; single cold winter and prolonged cold winter. Results indicate that unexpected demand shocks may cause serious losses in gross domestic product (GDP). Therefore, the authors come to the conclusion that extra capacity is highly recommendable for a number of reasons. We also find that nuclear power becomes economically preferable to oil shale with a CO2 tax of Euro20/t. Yet moving toward nuclear or other low CO2 alternatives presents certain challenges. (c) 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 469-478, 2016
|
|
| 2. |
- Welsch, Manuel, et al.
(författare)
-
Modelling elements of Smart Grids - Enhancing the OSeMOSYS (Open Source Energy Modelling System) code
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 46:1, s. 337-350
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 'Smart Grids' are expected to help facilitate a better integration of distributed storage and demand response options into power systems and markets. Quantifying the associated system benefits may provide valuable design and policy insights. Yet many existing energy system models are not able to depict various critical features associated with Smart Grids in a single comprehensive framework. These features may for example include grid stability issues in a system with several flexible demand types and storage options to help balance a high penetration of renewable energy. Flexible and accessible tools have the potential to fill this niche. This paper expands on the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS). It describes how 'blocks of functionality' may be added to represent variability in electricity generation, a prioritisation of demand types, shifting demand, and storage options. The paper demonstrates the flexibility and ease-of-use of OSeMOSYS with regard to modifications of its code. It may therefore serve as a useful test-bed for new functionality in tools with wide-spread use and larger applications, such as MESSAGE, TIMES, MARKAL, or LEAP. As with the core code of OSeMOSYS, the functional blocks described in this paper are available in the public domain.
|
|
| 3. |
- Howells, Mark, et al.
(författare)
-
Water-energy nexus : Assessing integrated systems
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Nature Climate Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1758-678X .- 1758-6798. ; 4:4, s. 246-247
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 4. |
- Korkovelos, Alexandros, et al.
(författare)
-
A geospatial assessment of small-scale hydropower potential in sub-saharan Africa
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073. ; 11:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sub-Saharan Africa has been at the epicenter of an ongoing global dialogue around the issue of energy poverty. More than half of the world's population without access to modern energy services lives there. It also happens to be a sub-continent with plentiful renewable energy resource potential. Hydropower is one of them, and to a large extent it remains untapped. This study focuses on the technical assessment of small-scale hydropower (0.01-10 MW) in Sub-Saharan Africa. The underlying methodology was based on open source geospatial datasets, whose combination allowed a consistent evaluation of 712,615 km of river network spanning over 44 countries. Environmental, topological, and social constraints were included in the form of constraints in the optimization algorithm. The results are presented on a country and power pool basis.
|
|
| 5. |
- Shivakumar, Abhishek, et al.
(författare)
-
Valuing blackouts and lost leisure : Estimating electricity interruption costs for households across the European Union
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Energy Research & Social Science. - : Elsevier. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 34, s. 39-48
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Security of power supply is a crucial element of energy system planning and policy. However, the value that society places on it is not clearly known. Several previous studies estimate the cost of electricity interruptions for individual European Union (EU) Member States – as the Value of Lost Load (VoLL). In this paper, we use a production-function approach to estimate the average annual VoLL for households in all twenty-eight EU Member States. This is the first time that a unified approach has been applied for a single year across the EU. VoLL is further presented on an hourly basis to better understand the impact of the time at which the interruption occurs. Finally, we analyse the impact of ‘substitutability factor’ – the proportion of household activities that are electricity-dependent – on the VoLL. Results from this study show that the differences in VoLL between EU Member States is significantly large, ranging from 3.2 €/kWh in Bulgaria to 15.8 €/kWh in the Netherlands. The annual average VoLL for the EU was calculated to be 8.7 €/kWh. Results from this study can be used to inform key areas of European energy policy and market design.
|
|
