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- Lundgren, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Analgesic antipyretic use among young children in the TEDDY study : No association with islet autoimmunity
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMC Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The use of analgesic antipyretics (ANAP) in children have long been a matter of controversy. Data on their practical use on an individual level has, however, been scarce. There are indications of possible effects on glucose homeostasis and immune function related to the use of ANAP. The aim of this study was to analyze patterns of analgesic antipyretic use across the clinical centers of The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) prospective cohort study and test if ANAP use was a risk factor for islet autoimmunity. Methods: Data were collected for 8542 children in the first 2.5 years of life. Incidence was analyzed using logistic regression with country and first child status as independent variables. Holm's procedure was used to adjust for multiplicity of intercountry comparisons. Time to autoantibody seroconversion was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model with cumulative analgesic use as primary time dependent covariate of interest. For each categorization, a generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach was used. Results: Higher prevalence of ANAP use was found in the U.S. (95.7%) and Sweden (94.8%) compared to Finland (78.1%) and Germany (80.2%). First-born children were more commonly given acetaminophen (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.07, 1.49; p = 0.007) but less commonly Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.78, 0.95; p = 0.002). Acetaminophen and NSAID use in the absence of fever and infection was more prevalent in the U.S. (40.4%; 26.3% of doses) compared to Sweden, Finland and Germany (p < 0.001). Acetaminophen or NSAID use before age 2.5 years did not predict development of islet autoimmunity by age 6 years (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.99-1.09; p = 0.27). In a sub-analysis, acetaminophen use in children with fever weakly predicted development of islet autoimmunity by age 3 years (HR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01-1.09; p = 0.024). Conclusions: ANAP use in young children is not a risk factor for seroconversion by age 6 years. Use of ANAP is widespread in young children, and significantly higher in the U.S. compared to other study sites, where use is common also in absence of fever and infection.
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| 2. |
- Richards, Sophie L., et al.
(författare)
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Identifying Mozambique's most critical areas for plant conservation: An evaluation of protected areas and Important Plant Areas
- 2023
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Ingår i: BIOTROPICA. - 0006-3606 .- 1744-7429. ; 55:6, s. 1183-1194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Successful protected area networks must represent biodiversity across taxonomic groups. However, too often plant species are overlooked in conservation planning, and the resulting protected areas may, as a result, fail to encompass the most important sites for plant diversity. The Mozambique Tropical Important Plant Areas project sought to promote the conservation of Mozambique's flora through the identification of Important Plant Areas (IPAs). Here, we use the Weighted Endemism including Global Endangerment (WEGE) index to identify the richest areas for rare and endemic plants in Mozambique and subsequently evaluate how well represented these hotspots are within the current protected area and IPA networks. We also examine the congruence between IPA and protected areas to identify opportunities for strengthening the conservation of plants in Mozambique. We found that high WEGE scores, representing areas rich in endemic/near-endemic and threatened species, predict the presence of IPAs in Mozambique, but do not predict the presence of protected areas. We also find that there is limited overlap between IPAs and protected areas in Mozambique. We demonstrate how IPAs could be an important tool for ensuring priority sites for plant diversity are included within protected area network expansions, particularly following the adoption of the "30 by 30" target agreed within the post-2020 Convention on Biological Diversity framework, with great potential for this method to be replicated elsewhere in the global tropics. As redes de areas protegidas bem-sucedidas devem representar a biodiversidade de diversos grupos taxonomicos. No entanto, frequentemente as especies de plantas sao negligenciadas no planeamento da conservacao, e como resultado, as areas protegidas podem nao abranger os locais mais importantes para a diversidade de plantas. O projeto "areas Importantes de Plantas Tropicais de Mocambique" procurou promover a conservacao da flora de Mocambique atraves da identificacao de areas Importantes de Plantas (IPAs). Aqui usamos o indice de Endemismo Ponderado incluindo Ameaca Global (WEGE) para identificar as areas mais ricas em plantas raras e endemicas em Mocambique e, subsequentemente, avaliar o quao bem representados estes hotspots estao dentro da actual rede de areas protegidas e IPAs. Tambem examinamos a congruencia entre IPAs e areas protegidas para identificar oportunidades de fortalecer a conservacao de plantas em Mocambique. Descobrimos que valores altos de WEGE, representando areas ricas em especies endemicas/quase-endemicas e ameacadas, preveem a presenca de IPAs em Mocambique, mas nao preveem a presenca de areas protegidas. Tambem descobrimos que ha uma limitada sobreposicao entre IPAs e areas protegidas em Mocambique. Demonstramos como as IPAs poderiam ser uma ferramenta importante para garantir que os locais prioritarios para a diversidade de plantas estejam incluidos na expansao da rede de areas protegidas, particularmente apos a adopcao das Metas do Quadro Global "30 por 30" da Convencao sobre Diversidade Biologica, com grande potencial para que este metodo seja replicado em outras areas dos tropicos globais. Plants are often overlooked in conservation planning. In Mozambique, we find that the richest areas for rare and threatened plant species are poorly represented within the protected area network. We use Important Plant Areas and the Weighted Endemism including Global Endangerment (WEGE) index to identify opportunities to better conserve Mozambique's flora.
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