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| 2. |
- Jin, Ying-Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management of COVID-19 : An evidence-based clinical practice guideline (updated version)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Military Medical Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2054-9369. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting more than seventeen million people around the world. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for clinicians caring for patients are needed. In the early stage, we have issued "A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)"; now there are many direct evidences emerged and may change some of previous recommendations and it is ripe for develop an evidence-based guideline. We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. The steering group members proposed 29 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 covering the following areas: chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of COVID-19, and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of ungraded consensus-based statement. Finally, we issued 34 statements. Among them, 6 were strong recommendations for, 14 were weak recommendations for, 3 were weak recommendations against and 11 were ungraded consensus-based statement. They covered topics of chemoprophylaxis (including agents and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) agents), diagnosis (including clinical manifestations, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respiratory tract specimens, IgM and IgG antibody tests, chest computed tomography, chest x-ray, and CT features of asymptomatic infections), treatments (including lopinavir-ritonavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, interferon, remdesivir, combination of antiviral drugs, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, interleukin-6 inhibitors, interleukin-1 inhibitors, glucocorticoid, qingfei paidu decoction, lianhua qingwen granules/capsules, convalescent plasma, lung transplantation, invasive or noninvasive ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)), and discharge management (including discharge criteria and management plan in patients whose RT-PCR retesting shows SARS-CoV-2 positive after discharge). We also created two figures of these recommendations for the implementation purpose. We hope these recommendations can help support healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.
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| 3. |
- Chen, Jian, et al.
(författare)
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All-digital transmitter based on ADPLL and phase synchronized delta sigma modulator
- 2011
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Ingår i: Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (RFIC), 2011 IEEE. - : IEEE. - 9781424482931 ; , s. 1-4
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel architecture of all-digital polar transmitters is proposed, mainly composed of an all digital PLL (ADPLL) for phase modulation, a 1-bit low-pass delta sigma (ΔΣ) modulator for envelop modulation and a high efficiency class-D PA. The low noise ADPLL and high oversample ΔΣ modulator relax filter design, enabling the use of a on-chip filter. The differential signaling scheme enhances the power of the fundamental tone and suppresses DC and high harmonics. The transmitter was fabricated in a 90nm digital CMOS process, occupying 1.4 mm2. The measurement results demonstrate effectiveness of the architecture. The digital transmitter consumes 58 mW power from a 1 V supply, delivering a 6.81-dBm output.
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| 4. |
- Chen, Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Reversible and Irreversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Tracers Using a "Tail Switching" Strategy on a Piperazinyl Azetidine Skeleton
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 62:7, s. 3336-3353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a senile hydrolase that degrades 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the endocannabinoid system (eCB). Selective inhibition of MAGL has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of diverse pathological conditions, including chronic pain, inflammation, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Herein, we disclose a novel array of reversible and irreversible MAGL inhibitors by means of "tail switching" on a piperazinyl azetidine scaffold. We developed a lead irreversible-binding MAGL inhibitor 8 and reversible-binding compounds 17 and 37, which are amenable for radiolabeling with C-11 or F-18. [C-11]8 ([C-11]MAGL-2-11) exhibited high brain uptake and excellent binding specificity in the brain toward MAGL. Reversible radioligands [C-11]17 ([C-11]PAD) and [F-18]37 ([F-18]MAGL-4-11) also demonstrated excellent in vivo binding specificity toward MAGL in peripheral organs. This work may pave the way for the development of MAGL-targeted positron emission tomography tracers with tunability in reversible and irreversible binding mechanisms.
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| 5. |
- Hou, Lu, et al.
(författare)
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Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of the Endocannabinoid System : Opportunities and Challenges in Radiotracer Development
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 64:1, s. 123-149
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is involved in a wide range of biological functions and comprises cannabinoid receptors and enzymes responsible for endocannabinoid synthesis and degradation. Over the past 2 decades, significant advances toward developing drugs and positron emission tomography (PET) tracers targeting different components of the ECS have been made. Herein, we summarized the recent development of PET tracers for imaging cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1R) and 2 (CB2R) as well as the key enzymes monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), particularly focusing on PET neuroimaging applications. State-of-the-art PET tracers for the ECS will be reviewed including their chemical design, pharmacological properties, radiolabeling, as well as preclinical and human PET imaging. In addition, this review addresses the current challenges for ECS PET biomarker development and highlights the important role of PET ligands to study disease pathophysiology as well as to facilitate drug discovery.
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| 6. |
- Li, Jian-Fang, et al.
(författare)
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Soy isoflavone delays the progression of thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rats
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 46:3, s. 341-349
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Our aim was to investigate the effect of soy isoflavone (SI) on liver fibrosis in a thioacetamide (TAA)-induced rat model. Materials and methods. Twenty-eight rats were assigned to four groups: sham group, fibrosis group, low-dose treatment group (LDg) and high-dose treatment group (HDg). SI (90 or 270 mg/kg) was administered daily during the model development by TAA. Standard liver tests, platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were measured. The expression of collagen, alpha alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha alpha-SMA) and transforming growth factor-beta beta 1 (TGF-beta beta 1) in liver tissue was determined. Electron microscopy was used to perform ultrastructural analysis of the livers. Results. Hepatic fibrosis was induced by 8 weeks of TAA administration. However, following the administration of SI, collagen staining significantly declined as compared with the fibrosis group (p < 0.01). Less collagen fibers around the hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were observed in HDg as compared to the fibrosis group and LDg. There was no significant difference in standard liver tests between the fibrosis group and the two treatment groups. The levels of PDGF-BB and TIMP-1 in the two SI-treated groups were significantly lower than in the fibrosis group (p < 0.01). The expression of alpha alpha-SMA and TGF-beta beta 1 in HDg was less than that in the fibrosis group and LDg (p < 0.01). Conclusion. Administration of a high dose of SI resulted in an obvious inhibitory effect on liver fibrosis induced by TAA in rats. One hypothesis is that the effect may be related to the inhibition of HSC activation and proliferation.
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| 7. |
- Ye, Chen-Qing, et al.
(författare)
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EIS analysis on chloride-induced corrosion behavior of reinforcement steel in simulated carbonated concrete pore solutions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1572-6657. ; 688, s. 275-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The corrosion behavior of reinforcement steel in simulated carbonated concrete pore (SCCP) solution containing different concentrations of chloride was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and linear polarization resistance (LPR) measurements simultaneously, and the topographies of the steel specimens and the elemental distribution at corrosion area were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM)/electron microprobe analysis (EMPA). The results showed the capacitive loop and polarization resistance decreased with chloride increasing. Furthermore, when the chloride concentration reached a critical value, the Bode plots obviously exhibited two phase angle peaks indicating two time constants. However, when the chloride content exceeded a critical value, the phase angle peaks decreased to one phenomenal peak. An equivalent circuit with two RC loops was used to characterize the corrosion behavior of reinforcement steel in SCCP solution according to the measurements of EIS. Based on the dependence of the equivalent circuit elements on chloride content and immersion time, the formation, growth and breakdown of passive film of the steel were discussed. It was found that the EIS evaluation of corrosion behavior for reinforcement steel in SCCP solution was good agreement with the LPR and SEM measurements. The EMPA mapping revealed MnS inclusions at steel surface play a leading role in the initiation of pitting corrosion.
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| 8. |
- Albacete, Javier L., et al.
(författare)
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Predictions for p + Pb Collisions at sN N = √5 TeV : Comparison with Data
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Modern Physics E. - 0218-3013. ; 25:9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Predictions made in Albacete et al. [Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 22 (2013) 1330007] prior to the LHC p+Pb run at sNN = 5 TeV are compared to currently available data. Some predictions shown here have been updated by including the same experimental cuts as the data. Some additional predictions are also presented, especially for quarkonia, that were provided to the experiments before the data were made public but were too late for the original publication.
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| 9. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 10. |
- Chen, Hao Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Association of FADS1/2 Locus Variants and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids With Aortic Stenosis
- 2020
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Ingår i: JAMA cardiology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2380-6583 .- 2380-6591. ; 5:6, s. 694-702
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance: Aortic stenosis (AS) has no approved medical treatment. Identifying etiological pathways for AS could identify pharmacological targets.Objective: To identify novel genetic loci and pathways associated with AS.Design, Setting, and Participants: This genome-wide association study used a case-control design to evaluate 44 703 participants (3469 cases of AS) of self-reported European ancestry from the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging (GERA) cohort (from January 1, 1996, to December 31, 2015). Replication was performed in 7 other cohorts totaling 256 926 participants (5926 cases of AS), with additional analyses performed in 6942 participants from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) Consortium. Follow-up biomarker analyses with aortic valve calcium (AVC) were also performed. Data were analyzed from May 1, 2017, to December 5, 2019.Exposures: Genetic variants (615 643 variants) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-6 and ω-3) measured in blood samples.Main Outcomes and Measures: Aortic stenosis and aortic valve replacement defined by electronic health records, surgical records, or echocardiography and the presence of AVC measured by computed tomography.Results: The mean (SD) age of the 44 703 GERA participants was 69.7 (8.4) years, and 22 019 (49.3%) were men. The rs174547 variant at the FADS1/2 locus was associated with AS (odds ratio [OR] per C allele, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.83-0.93; P = 3.0 × 10-6), with genome-wide significance after meta-analysis with 7 replication cohorts totaling 312 118 individuals (9395 cases of AS) (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.88-0.94; P = 2.5 × 10-8). A consistent association with AVC was also observed (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83-0.99; P = .03). A higher ratio of arachidonic acid to linoleic acid was associated with AVC (OR per SD of the natural logarithm, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.09-1.30; P = 6.6 × 10-5). In mendelian randomization, increased FADS1 liver expression and arachidonic acid were associated with AS (OR per unit of normalized expression, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.17-1.48; P = 7.4 × 10-6]; OR per 5-percentage point increase in arachidonic acid for AVC, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.01-1.49; P = .04]; OR per 5-percentage point increase in arachidonic acid for AS, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.04-1.13; P = 4.1 × 10-4]).Conclusions and Relevance: Variation at the FADS1/2 locus was associated with AS and AVC. Findings from biomarker measurements and mendelian randomization appear to link ω-6 fatty acid biosynthesis to AS, which may represent a therapeutic target.
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