| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Amin, Kawa, et al.
(författare)
-
Eosinophils and neutrophils in biopsies from the middle ear of atopic children with otitis media with effusion
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Inflammation Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1023-3830 .- 1420-908X. ; 48:12, s. 626-631
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN:The majority of patients with otitis media with effusion (OME) and atopy have been shown to have elevated levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in their middle ear fluid. The mechanism underlying these elevated levels of ECP is not clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a quantitative determination of eosinophils and neutrophils in the middle ear lining by specific immunocytochemical markers, in order to study the extent of the involvement of these cells in patients with OME.METHODS:Bilateral middle ear biopsies from five children with persistent OME and atopy confirmed by in vitro testing were evaluated for the presence of eosinophils and neutrophils with monoclonal antibodies against specific granule proteins. Five subjects who had no signs of effusion or infection but were undergoing routine tympanoplasty for dry perforations served as controls. The biopsies were embedded in a plastic resin to improve the structural preservation of the target cells and to increase the resolution in the light microscope. Dual markers were used to determine which marker was better for eosinophils and neutrophils, respectively. The following markers were used: eosinophil cationic protein (EG2), and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) for eosinophils and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL) for neutrophils.RESULTS:Antibodies against EPO gave a more localized and intense staining than antibodies against EG2. Antibodies against HNL appear more specific to neutrophils than antibodies against MPO that also recognize monocytes. The number of cells was determined both in the tissue and in the mucus covering the epithelium. Eosinophils and neutrophils were present in the subepithelial connective tissue and in the mucus blanket in the middle ear of patients with OME in significantly higher number than in the control group. In general, there were more inflammatory cells in the mucus than in the tissue itself, but the number of inflammatory cells in the mucus showed a significant positive correlation with the number of inflammatory cells in the tissue. There was a significant positive correlation between the number of neutrophils and the number of eosinophils in the tissue as well as in the mucus, irrespective of which marker was used.CONCLUSION:The results of this study show the feasibility of using specific antibodies to identify eosinophils and neutrophils in the middle ear. The initial data suggest that atopic children with OME have higher numbers of such cells as compared to non-OME controls.
|
|
| 4. |
- Amin, Kawa, et al.
(författare)
-
Inflammation and structural changes in the airways of patients with atopicand nonatopic asthma : BHR group
- 2000
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. - 1073-449X .- 1535-4970. ; 162:6, s. 2295-2301
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to compare the cellular pattern and structural changes in the airway walls of atopic and nonatopic patients with asthma. Bronchial biopsy specimens were obtained from 13 atopic subjects with asthma, nine nonatopic patients with asthma, and seven healthy control subjects and investigated using immunohistochemical methods. The number of eosinophils increased in both asthma groups, but significantly more in the atopic group. The number of mast cells increased similarly in the two asthma groups, whereas the number of neutrophils increased only in the nonatopic asthma group. The number of T-lymphocytes (CD3-, CD4-, CD8-, CD-25-positive cells) was higher in patients with atopic asthma compared with nonatopic asthma. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5-positive cells were more frequently found in the atopic asthma group, whereas cells staining for IL-8 were more frequent in the nonatopic group. The degree of epithelial damage was significantly higher in the atopic asthma group compared with the control subjects and the nonatopic asthmatics. The tenascin and laminin layer was significantly thicker in the atopic group compared with the group of nonatopic asthmatics. In the atopic group, there was a significant negative correlation between epithelial integrity (defined as the relative length of intact epithelium) and the eosinophil count and also between the number of CD25-positive cells and epithelial integrity. The number of mast cells correlated positively with the thickness of tenascin- and laminin-positive layers. In conclusion, we provide evidence of different patterns of involvement of inflammatory cells in atopic and nonatopic patients with asthma. There were also structural differences in the bronchial mucous membrane between atopic asthma and nonatopic asthma. This suggests that there are differences in the extent of the immunopathologic response of these clinically distinct forms of asthma.
|
|
| 5. |
- Amin, Kawa, et al.
(författare)
-
Inflammation and structural changes in the airways of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 95:11, s. 904-910
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study aimed to compare the cellular pattern and structural changes in the airways of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) with healthy controls. Bronchial biopsy specimens were obtained from seven subjects with pSS and seven healthy controls. All the patients with pSS had increased bronchial responsiveness to methacholine. In the biopsies inflammatory cells, cytokine-producing cells, tenascin and laminin were visual zed by immunostaining. Patients with pSS had a higher number of neutrophils and mast cells than healthy controls, while the number of eosinophils was similar in the two groups. The number of IL-8-positive cells was higher in pSS butthe numbers of IL-4-and IL-5-positive cells were not significantly different between pSS and healthy controls. The numbers of T cells in patients with pSS were higher than in healthy controls, while the numbers of CD25-positive cells were similar to the healthy controls. The degree of epithelial integrity in patients with pSS was significantly lower than in the control group and the tenascin and laminin layers were significantly thicker in the pSS group. There was a correlation between the number of mast cells and the thickness of the tenascin and laminin layers in pSS. In conclusion, we found that the cellular pattern in the bronchial mucosa of patients with pSS displayed large numbers of neutrophils, mast cells and T-lymphocytes. These changes in inflammatory cell numbers seemed to relate to the observed increased epithelial damage and structural changes of the subepithelium. The structural findings, but not the pattern of inflammatory cells, are shared with atopic asthma and may relate to the increased bronchial hyper-responsiveness seen in both diseases.
|
|
| 6. |
- Amin, Kawa, et al.
(författare)
-
Inflammatory cell and epithelial characteristics of perennial allergic and nonallergic rhinitis with a symptom history of 1 to 3 years' duration
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 107:2, s. 249-257
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Perennial rhinitis is an inflammatory condition of the mucosal lining of the nose that may be caused by allergic and nonallergic mechanisms. OBJECTIVE: We sought to characterize the cellular pattern and structural changes in the nasal mucous membrane of patients with perennial rhinitis and compare them with those of control subjects. METHODS: Biopsy specimens were obtained from 27 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR), from 12 patients with perennial nonallergic rhinitis (PNAR) with eosinophils present in the nasal smear, and from 6 control subjects without rhinitis. In 10 of 27 patients with PAR who were also allergic to pollen, biopsy specimens were taken within the respective season (PARseason). In the other 17 patients, the biopsy was taken outside the pollen season (PARoutside season). Inflammatory cells were identified by using mAbs to their unique granular proteins. RESULTS: The characteristic feature of perennial rhinitis was the accumulation of activated (degranulated) mast cells and eosinophils in the nasal mucosa. The tissue eosinophil/neutrophil ratio was higher, and the loss of epithelial integrity was greater in all patient groups compared with the control subjects. The extent of epithelial damage was significantly larger in patients in the PARseason group compared with that in the PARoutside season and PNAR groups, which did not significantly differ from each other in this respect. The number of eosinophils and mast cells was higher in the PNAR group compared with the PAR groups. In all patient groups, the number of eosinophils correlated with the loss of epithelial integrity. The number of mast cells did not correlate with the extent of epithelial damage nor did the number of neutrophils, except in patients in the PARseason group. CONCLUSION: The accumulation of eosinophils and mast cells, as well as loss of epithelial integrity, was characteristic for perennial rhinitis. Loss of epithelial integrity in the nasal mucosa may be a consequence of the activity of accumulated eosinophils.
|
|
| 7. |
- Andersson, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
-
Activation of CFTR by genistein in human airway epithelial cell lines
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 308:3, s. 518-522
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by a mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a chloride channel expressed in epithelial cells. The effects of genistein and 4-phenylbutyrate (PBA) on CFTR were studied in three human airway epithelial cell lines expressing wild-type or DeltaF508 CFTR: Calu-3, CFSMEo-, and CFBE41o- cells. The cells were loaded with the fluorescent dye N-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-6-methoxyquinolinium bromide (MQAE) and chloride efflux was studied. Forskolin and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) induced chloride efflux in Calu-3 cells but not in CF lines. Genistein (2.5-50 microM) alone was able to induce chloride efflux in all cell lines. Genistein did not enhance the effect of forskolin and IBMX. PBA had little or no effect on genistein-induced chloride efflux. The effect of genistein seen at low concentrations makes genistein interesting for possible pharmacological treatment of CF, since it is known that similar concentrations can be obtained in plasma by a soy-rich diet.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Bakke-McKellep, A. M., et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of dietary soybean meal and photoperiod cycle on osmoregulation following seawater exposure in Atlantic salmon smolts
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Fish Biology. - : Wiley. - 0022-1112 .- 1095-8649. ; 69:5, s. 1396-1426
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atlantic salmon Salmo salar juveniles were fed either fishmeal-based diets (FM) or diets in which soybean meal (SBM) partly replaced the FM from first feeding on. The fish were kept at continuous daylight during the juvenile stage. During the last 3 weeks before reaching 100 g body mass, all fish were subjected to 12L:12D. Starting at 100 g body mass, groups of 60 fish from each feeding background were subjected to continuous light for 12 weeks (short winter), or a square-wave photoperiod cycle to stimulate parr to smolt transformation with 8L:16D during the first 6 weeks, and then continuous light during the last 6 weeks (long winter). After the 12 weeks, 20 fish from each treatment were subjected to 0, 24 or 96 h seawater exposure at a water salinity of 34. Hypo-osmoregulatory ability at seawater exposure was assessed by mortality, intestinal pathology, plasma ion concentrations and osmolality, gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity and element concentrations in the cytoplasm of distal intestinal enterocytes using X-ray microanalysis. The hypo-osmoregulatory capacity was higher in fish kept at short winter than at long winter, apparently due to more rapid development of gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Fish fed SBM suffered typical soybean meal-induced histological alterations of the distal intestine and apparent reductions in digestive function in the more proximal gastrointestinal regions. The net osmoregulatory capacity of these fish was maintained, as indicated by higher gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity and lower plasma Na+, Ca2+ and osmolality compared to the FM-fed fish. Thus, feeding SBM did not impair the hypo-osmoregulatory ability of the Atlantic salmon following seawater exposure.
|
|
