| 1. |
- Jönsson, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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A Note on Aeneid 6.893-8
- 1996
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Ingår i: Eranos. - 0013-9947. ; 94, s. 21-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the most puzzling passages of Vergil's Aeneid is the last lines of book VI where Aeneas and the Sibyl leave the underworld through the gate of ivory, the gate of false dreams. "Few passages of the Aeneid have given rise to more controversies and divergence of judgement" (Brooks Otis). In this article we analyse the linguistic context and propose a new solution to the problem.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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High stability titanium nitride based solar control films
- 1992
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 214:2, s. 213-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Triple-layer structures of TiO2TiN/TiO2 and quadruple layer structures of TiO2Al/TiN/TiO2 have been sputtered on glass substrates at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 300°C. The reflectance and transmittance were measured in the visible and the near-IR wavelength regions. The thin layer of aluminium, in the quadruple layer, oxidizes and forms a dense diffusion barrier. The multilayers exhibit improved optical selectivity which also improves with substrate temperature up to 300°C.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Kent
(författare)
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Preparation and Characterisation of Sputtered Titanium- and Zirconium Nitride Optical Films
- 1993
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Multilayered interference coatings based on titanium- and zirconium nitride and designed for solar control have been prepared using reactive d c magnetron sputtering. Preparation effects and degradation mechanisms were investigated. It was shown that the quality of the nitride strongly depends on the degree of crystallinity in the underlying oxide. It has been shown that the nitride layer partly oxidizes as the top oxide layer is deposited. The degradation is enhanced with temperature. A thin sacrificial layer of aluminium deposited between successive depositions of nitride and oxide is shown to improve the optical performance of the coating as preparedm as well as after accelerated ageing tests.The optical properties of opaque and semitransparent films of zirconium nitride have been studied. A thorough investigation of the influence of composition, deposition rate, substrate temperature and film thickness on the optical response of the film was performed. Both photometric and ellipsometric methods were used to determine thicknesses and the optical constants at wavelengths ranging from 0.23 to 25 μm. The resulting values of n and k, in the wavelength intervals where these independent methods are applicable, have been shown to agree extremely well. The results so far indicate an even larger potential for zirconium nitride based solar control coatings as compared to the titanium nitride based.Access to optical constants derived from films of zirconium nitride of variable quality made multilayer modelling a powerful tool in the design and analysis of solar control coatings.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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Zirconium nitride based transparent heat mirror coatings : preparation and characterisation
- 1994
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Ingår i: Solar Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-092X .- 1471-1257. ; 32:2, s. 199-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transparent heat mirror coatings based on thin zirconium nitride films have been prepared using reactive magnetron sputtering. The zirconium nitride films have been sandwiched between layers of zirconium oxide. It is shown that the multilayer configuration ZrO2/ZrN/ZrO2 can be used as solar control coatings on window glazings. A visible transmittance of around 60% and a thermal emittance lower than 0.2 can be obtained, and the ratio between visible transmittance and total solar transmittance can be as high as 1.7. The influence of substrate temperature on the optical quality of the films is evaluated and it is shown that the crystal structure of the first oxide layer is of importance for the optical quality of the nitride. The influence of preparation conditions and accelerated ageing has been modelled using the optical constants of thin films prepared under identical conditions as the films in the multilayer coatings.
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| 5. |
- Andreas, Jonsson, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Simulations of the energy performance of smart windows based on user presence using a simplified balance temperature approach
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper a simulation tool for simulating and comparing windows have been further developed so that the software also can simulate smart windows with the ability to vary the g-value or the solar heat gain coefficient. The g-value can be controlled using different control strategies, which can be based on time control, user control and different types of daylight control. The software is basically a simulation tool to calculate the energy for heating and cooling caused by the windows as a building component. Due to the simplicity of the program, it is suitable as a tool for selecting the right type of window for a certain building. Six different control strategies have been developed to show different approaches for controlling smart windows. Some results are shown as examples of how the new functionality is working. This new functionality of the software makes it easy to compare smart windows between themselves and also to make fair comparisons with static windows.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Björn, Lars Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Thermal emissivity of avian eggshells
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Thermal Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4565 .- 1879-0992. ; 57, s. 1-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hypothesis has been tested that evolution has resulted in lower thermal emissivity of eggs of birds breeding openly in cold climates than of eggs of birds that nest under protective covering or in warmer climates. Directional thermal emissivity has been estimated from directional–hemispherical reflectance spectra. Due to several methodological difficulties the absolute emissivity is not accurately determined, but differences between species are obvious. Mostnotably, small waders of the genus Calidris, breeding in cold climates on the tundra, and in most cases with uniparental nest attendance, have low directional emissivity of their eggshells, about 0.92 when integration is carried out for wavelengths up to 16 μm. Species belonging to Galloanserinae have the highest directional emissivity, about 0.96, of their eggs. No differences due to climate or breeding conditions were found within this group. Eggs of most other birds tested possess intermediate emissivity, but the values for Pica pica and Corvus corone cornix are as low as for Calidris. Large species-dependent differences in spectral reflectance were found at specific wavelengths. For instance, at 4.259 μm the directional–hemispherical reflectance for galliforms range from 0.05 to 0.09, while for Fratercula arctica and Fulmarus glacialis it is about 0.3.The reflection peaks at 6.5 and 11.3 μm due to calcite are differentially attenuated in differents pecies. In conclusion, the hypothesis that evolution has resulted in lower thermal emissivity of bird-eggs being exposed in cold climates is not supported by our results.The emissivity is not clearly related to nesting habits or climate, and it is unlikely that the small differences observed are ecologically important. The spectral differences between eggs that nevertheless exist should be taken into account when using infrared thermometers for estimating the surface temperature of avian eggs.
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