| 1. |
- Jansson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Banks' risk taking in credit decisions : influences of loan officers' personality traits and financial risk preference versus bank-contextual factors
- 2023
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Ingår i: Managerial Finance. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0307-4358 .- 1758-7743. ; 49:8, s. 1297-1313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This paper aims to investigate whether loan officers' risk taking in credit decisions are associated with their personal financial risk preference and personality traits or solely with bank-contextual and loan-relevant factors. Design/methodology/approach: An online survey administered in six large Swedish banks to 163 loan officers responsible for assessing credit risk and approval of loan applications. The loan officers rated their likelihood of approving fictitious loan applications from business companies. Findings: The loan officers' credit risk taking is associated with bank-contextual factors, directly with perceived organizational credit risk norms and indirectly with self-confidence in assessing credit risks through attitude to credit risk taking. A direct association is also found with personal financial risk preference but not with personality traits. Research limitations/implications: Increased awareness of that loan officers' personal financial risk preference is associated with their credit risk taking in loan decisions but that the banks' risk policy has a stronger association. Banks' managements and boards should therefore assure that their credit risk policy is implemented, followed and being aligned with their performance incentives. Practical implications: Increased awareness of that loan officers' credit risk taking is associated with personal financial risk preference but more strongly with the banks' risk policy that motivate banks' managements and boards to assure that their credit risk policy is implemented, followed and being aligned with their performance incentives. Originality/value: The first study which directly compare the associations of loan officers' risk taking in credit approvals with personal risk preference and personality traits versus bank-contextual factors and loan-relevant information.
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| 2. |
- Roos, John Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Who Are the Online Medication Shoppers? : A Market Segmentation of the Swedish Welfare State
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research. - : MDPI. - 0718-1876. ; 19:1, s. 526-537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study aimed to explore the online shopping of medicines from demographic, geographic, psychographic, and behavioral factors. A quantitative survey design was used with a quote sample representing the Swedish population regarding age, gender, and residential area. In total, 1863 persons responded to a survey, including measures of age, gender, income, education, area of residence, personality traits (BFI-10), values (Rokeach Value Survey), self-estimated health-status, internet usage, online shopping in general, and online shopping of medicines. Firstly, the data were analyzed with chi-squares and independent t-tests. From these initial analyses, online shopping of medicines was associated with young age, female gender, high income and education, living in a big city, extraversion, several values of desirable end-states of existence (e.g., self-respect, a sense of accomplishment, and pleasure), internet usage, and general online shopping. Secondly, the significant (p < 0.05) variables from the initial analysis were included in a logistic regression analysis. This comprehensive model showed that online medication shoppers are best predicted by being female and the use of internet. Unlike what was previously known about medication shoppers, the typical online medication shopper appears to be driven by hedonistic values and self-actualization, rather than health status. We suggest that further research replicate this study outside and inside Sweden, and that health status is measured in a different way.
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| 3. |
- Alm, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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ChatGPT a powerful assistant, when using Double-Loop Co-Design
- 2024
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Computers can now carry out tasks, by first learning from being given examples, rather than just doing exactly what they are told, this is often referred to as Machine Learning or AI. This has given almost endless possibilities what these machines can ultimately do. At the same time, it also gives us many threats and things to worry about from a safety, security and ethical point of view and voices are raised that we should control what AI is allowed to do by laws and regulations. By applying a Double loop Co-design approach to science this paper focusses on ChatGPT and researchers experience with effectiveness and ethics related to use o this tool. 3 workshops were conducted with totally 14 participants from 5 continents. Most of the respondents are positive and excited about what Chat GPT and AI can do for us, but they are also worried. The main concerns are that AI will do the creative and fun parts of our work and that it produces false facts. In conclusion, if applying a perspective conscious view of knowledge, AI can inspire human controlled creativity and informed decision making with multi-perspective views of reality.
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| 4. |
- Degerman, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Immortalization of T-Cells Is Accompanied by Gradual Changes in CpG Methylation Resulting in a Profile Resembling a Subset of T-Cell Leukemias
- 2014
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Ingår i: Neoplasia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1522-8002 .- 1476-5586. ; 16:7, s. 606-615
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously described gene expression changes during spontaneous immortalization of T-cells, thereby identifying cellular processes important for cell growth crisis escape and unlimited proliferation. Here, we analyze the same model to investigate the role of genome-wide methylation in the immortalization process at different time points pre-crisis and post-crisis using high-resolution arrays. We show that over time in culture there is an overall accumulation of methylation alterations, with preferential increased methylation close to transcription start sites (TSSs), islands, and shore regions. Methylation and gene expression alterations did not correlate for the majority of genes, but for the fraction that correlated, gain of methylation close to TSS was associated with decreased gene expression. Interestingly, the pattern of CpG site methylation observed in immortal T-cell cultures was similar to clinical T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) samples classified as CpG island methylator phenotype positive. These sites were highly overrepresented by polycomb target genes and involved in developmental, cell adhesion, and cell signaling processes. The presence of non-random methylation events in in vitro immortalized T-cell cultures and diagnostic T-ALL samples indicates altered methylation of CpG sites with a possible role in malignant hematopoiesis.
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| 5. |
- Flodén, Jonas, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Consumers’ perceived food supply chain resilience in urban and rural areas during crisis - Evidence from grocery hoarding during the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2023
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Ingår i: World Conference on Transport Research (WCTR 2023), Montreal, 17-21 July. - : World Conference on Transport Research Society.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Food security is of great importance in the event of a crisis, such as a pandemic, war or natural disaster. However, conditions differ between urban and rural areas. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether hoarding behavior and attitudes differ between different types of residential areas and to analyze how it affects food supply chains. The sample (N = 4658) consists of residents of the United States, United Kingdom, Germany and Sweden, representative in terms of age, sex and areas of residence. The analysis shows that hoarding is primarily an inner-city phenomenon and that residents of more rural and suburban areas hoard to a lesser extent. Residents of city centres were also more concerned about running out of food and supplies and felt that hoarding was more necessary. Except in Sweden, however, there were no significant differences (p<.05) in experiences of depletion of edibles between different residential areas. In addition, there were no significant differences (p<.05) related to concerns related to COVID-19, which is an alternative explanation for hoarding behavior during the pandemic. Conclusions are also drawn on how the government's and authorities' approach to dealing with COVID-19 affects hoarding, and in particular the more relaxed Swedish approach, the value of food chain resilience in times of crisis and the need to change the culture of the food chain to make it more flexible and responsive to hoarding behaviour. In summary, urban consumers are more concerned and worried, although there are no differences between experiences of running out of groceries between different residential areas. A strength of the current study is the agreement between the four countries.
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| 6. |
- Holmberg, Ulrika, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Klass och konsumtion
- 2010
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Ingår i: En fråga om klass - levnadsförhållanden, livsstil, politik. - Malmö : Liber. - 9789147095070 ; , s. 143-157
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Kajonius, Petri, et al.
(författare)
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The Personality Map of Sweden
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research indicates that personality traits are unevenly distributed geographically, with some traits being more prevalent in certainplaces than in others. The majority of research in this field has focused on cross-national comparisons, while less attention has beengiven to variations in personality traits within countries (Rentfrow, Jokela & Lamb, 2015). More recently, regional personalitydifferences have been mapped in both United States and Great Britain (Rentfrow, Gosling, Jokela, Stillwell, Kosinki & Potter,2013; Rentfrow, Kokela & Lamb, 2015). The aim of the present study is to map regional personality differences in Sweden. Usinga representative sample of Swedish residents (N = 6154), we mapped the geographical distribution of the Big Five Personality traitsacross eight national areas (e.g. Stockholm, East Middle Sweden, South Småland and the Islands, South Sweden, West Sweden,North Middle Sweden, Middle Norrland and Upper Norrland). The result revealed statistically significant associations on nationalareas and the degree of agreeableness [F (7, 6154) = 4.63, p < .01, partial ƞ² =.005]. Employing the Bonferroni post-hoc test,significant differences (p < .01) were found between South Sweden (M = 2.74) and the Upper Norrland (M = 2.93), and betweenSouth Sweden and North Middle Sweden (M = 2.88). Descriptive statistics illustrate a stepwise change toward higher degree ofagreeableness, from the South of Sweden to the North of Sweden (Figure 1). The result revealed statistically significant associationson national areas and the degree of conscientiousness (F (7, 6164) = 2,51, p < .05, partial ƞ² =.003). Employing the Bonferronipost-hoc test, significant (p < .05) differences were found only between Stockholm (M = 2.94) and the Upper Norrland (M = 3.06).Insights about regional personality differences within a nation are useful, because such differences are associated with political,economic, social and health outcomes and thereby linked to a regions history, culture and ability to change.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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Konsumtionsrapporten 2010
- 2010
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I Konsumtionsrapporten 2010 sammanfattas och analyseras hushållens privata konsumtion i Sverige under 2009. Rapporten inleds med en översikt av offentlig statistik om hushållens utgifter och välbefinnande. Därefter analyseras tre områden djupare av forskare knutna till CFK. Sist i rapporten finns bilagor med detaljerad statistik.Basfakta• Hushållens totala konsumtion uppgick till 1 477 miljarder kronor under 2009• Hushållen konsumerade 0,6 % mindre jämfört med 2008 och 24 % mer jämfört med 19991.• År 2009 är första året som den totala konsumtionen minskade mellan två år sedan 1993.• Under perioden 2005 till 2009 har hushållens utgifter för el och förbrukningsvaror ökat anmärkningsvärt.• Under perioden 2005 till 2009 har hushållens totala utgifter för telefonsamtal och abonnemang minskat.• Priserna minskade med 0,3 % mellan 2008 och 2009. Under perioden 1999-2009 har priserna ökat med 15,9 % .• De konsumtionsområden som ökat mest sedan 2008 är:- Hälso- och sjukvård, 5,7%- Alkohol och tobak, 5,1 %- Utländsk konsumtion i Sverige 4,9%• De konsumtionsområden som ökat mest mellan 1999 och 2009 är:- Kommunikationstjänster, 132%- Utländsk konsumtion i Sverige 104%- Möbler, hushållsartiklar och underhåll, 76 %- Fritid, underhållning och kultur, 66 %- Kläder och skor, 53 %• Det konsumtionsområde som minskat mest sedan 2008 är:- Hushållens konsumtion i utlandet, -13,8 %• Ensamstående med barn har lägst totala utgifter. De områden där de spenderar mindre än andra konsumtionsenheter är alkoholhaltiga drycker, utemåltider, möbler, transporter och fritid.• Sambor utan barn har högst totala utgifter. De har högst utgifter för utemåltider, alkoholhaltiga drycker, transporter och fritid.• Män spenderar mer än kvinnor på alkoholhaltiga drycker, tobak samt lek, sport, hobby.• Män spenderar mindre än kvinnor på personlig hygien, underkläder, skor och övriga tjänster.• År 2009 var det fler svenskar än tidigare som uppgav att de var mycket nöjda med sina liv. Ökningen från tidigare år var särskilt stor hos kvinnor.• Miljömärkta livsmedel ligger på 3,5 % av alla livsmedel hushållen köper.Fördjupningar• Svenskarnas alkoholkonsumtion minskar trots att systembolagets försäljningsstatistik ökar. Detta beror på att legal och illegal införsel från utlandet minskar.• Från 2007 till 2009 har de svenska hushållens konsumtion av förbrukningsvaror (ex. toalett papper och hygienartiklar) ökat. Detta beror bland annat på att konsumenter i tuffare tider avstår från investeringar och konsumtion med högre finansiella risker och istället konsumerar produkter som de kortsiktigt anser sig ha råd med.• Män blir allt mer intresserade av skönhetsprodukter vilket är ytterligare en förklaring till att konsumtionen av förbrukningsvaror har ökat.• De svenska hushållens utgifter för el har ökat vilket främst förklaras av stigande elpriser men också av att antalet eldrivna apparater har ökat i de svenska hushållen.
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