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| 2. |
- Bring, Arvid, et al.
(författare)
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Effects on groundwater storage of restoring, constructing or draining wetlands in temperate and boreal climates: a systematic review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Evidence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2047-2382. ; 11:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drainage activities have caused widespread wetland loss, groundwater drawdown and impairment of ecosystem services. There are now several national programs for wetland restoration, primarily focused on reintroducing ecosystem services such as habitats and nutrient retention. In Sweden, recent dry summers have also reinforced interest in hydrological functions such as the potential for enhanced groundwater storage, both in and around the wetland. However, there are several knowledge gaps regarding groundwater storage effects of restoration, including if they extend beyond the wetland and how they vary with local conditions. Therefore, we have systematically reviewed groundwater storage effects from the interventions of restoring, constructing or draining boreo-temperate wetlands. Drainage was included primarily to evaluate to what degree restoration can reverse drainage effects. Methods: We searched 8 databases for scientific journal publications in English, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, French, German and Polish. Gray literature was searched in English and Swedish. Articles were included based on their relevance for Swedish conditions, i.e., in previously glaciated areas with boreal or temperate climate. Extracted outcome data were groundwater level changes, along with other variables including type of wetland and intervention and, when reported, distance between sampling point and intervention. Meta-analyses were conducted separately for studies that reported groundwater levels at different distances and studies that reported overall effects. Included studies were subject to critical appraisal to evaluate their susceptibility to bias, primarily selection bias, performance bias, and detection bias. Critical appraisal results were used in sensitivity analysis. Review findings: Out of 11,288 screened records, 224 articles fulfilled the criteria, and from these, 146 studies were included in meta-analysis. Most studies (89%) investigated peatlands, primarily from Finland, the UK and Canada. Restoration and drainage studies were equally common. Only nine studies reported measurements beyond the wetland area. Our synthesis is therefore primarily focused on effects within wetlands. In peatland restoration, the observed groundwater level rise decreased exponentially with distance from the restored ditch and was reduced to 50% after 9 [95% confidence interval: 5, 26] m. Drainage reached somewhat farther, with 50% of the groundwater drawdown remaining at 21 [11, 64] m. On average, restoration increased groundwater levels by 22 [16, 28] cm near the intervention, whereas drainage caused a drawdown of 19 [10, 27] cm. Assuming that sampling was unbiased, effects were similar for bogs, fens and mires. Restricting the meta-analysis to the 58% of studies that were of high validity did not alter conclusions. Conclusions: Effects of peatland restoration and drainage were of similar magnitudes but opposite directions. This indicates that, on average, rewetting of drained peatlands can be expected to restore groundwater levels near the ditch. However, restoration may not reach all the area affected by drainage, and there was a strong dependence on local context. For managers of wetland projects, it is thus important to follow up and monitor restoration effects and reinforce the intervention if necessary. Our results also point to a need for better impact evaluation if increased storage beyond the restored wetland area is desired.
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| 3. |
- Bring, Arvid, et al.
(författare)
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Groundwater storage effects from restoring, constructing or draining wetlands in temperate and boreal climates: a systematic review protocol
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environmental Evidence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2047-2382. ; 9:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wetlands in many parts of the world have been degraded, as use of the land for food production and forestry for human needs have taken precedence. Drainage of wetlands has led to deteriorated wetland conditions and lowered water tables. Across the world, there are several programs for wetland restoration and construction, primarily to reintroduce lost habitats for wildlife, and to obtain nutrient retention functions. In Sweden, recent dry and hot summers have reinforced interest in the hydrological functions that wetlands may have, in particular as potential support for water storage in the landscape and added groundwater storage during dry periods. However, the agreement on substantial effects on groundwater is limited, and there are several critical knowledge gaps, including the extent to which such effects extend outside the wetland itself, and how they vary with local conditions, such as topography, soil, and climate. Therefore, this review will address the groundwater storage effect of restoring, constructing or draining wetlands in the boreo-temperate region. Methods: We will conduct a systematic review of the evidence, drawing on both peer-reviewed and grey literature. Articles in English, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, French, German and Polish will be retrieved from academic databases, Google Scholar, and websites of specialist organizations. We will screen literature in two stages, first at the title and abstract level and then in full text, the latter with blinded decisions by two independent reviewers for all articles. Articles will be included based on relevance criteria for a Swedish context: wetlands on previously glaciated soils in boreal and temperate climates. Data will be extracted from all included articles, including wetland type, intervention type, and hydrogeological setting. Studies will be subject to critical appraisal to evaluate their susceptibility to bias. Provided enough evidence of sufficient reliability, we will carry out meta-analyses of effect sizes in relation to various factors. The review will include a narrative synthesis in which we summarize the results of the review.
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| 4. |
- Ekenäs, Catarina, et al.
(författare)
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Secondary chemistry and ribosomal DNA data congruencies in Arnica (Asteraceae)
- 2009
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Ingår i: Cladistics. - : Wiley. - 0748-3007 .- 1096-0031. ; 25:1, s. 78-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate possible congruencies between DNA sequence data and secondary chemistry, we compared nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) sequence data, sesquiterpene lactone (STL) contents, and cytometric data from 35 accessions of 16 Arnica (Asteraceae) species and two outgroup taxa (Layia hieracioides and Madia sativa), using phylogenetic inference and principal component analysis (PCA). Several groups supporting multiple accessions of the same species (of A. montana, A. longifolia, A. gracilis, and A. chamissonis) are congruent between the phylogenetic trees based on nrDNA and STL data. Sesquiterpene lactone profiles were found to be highly consistent within multiple samples of A. montana and A. longifolia respectively. Moreover, sesquiterpene lactone data support subspecies classifications of A. chamissonis and A. parryi, with additional support from DNA sequence data and cytometric data. Morphology, STL data (PCA), cytometric data and DNA sequence data suggest a hybrid origin of one accession (A. gracilis × longifolia). In A. gracilis, A. latifolia, and Layia hieracioides, previously not investigated for STLs, we found large amounts of xanthalongin derivatives. This is the first time STLs have been reported from subtribe Madiinae.
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Orthogonal PLS (OPLS) Modeling for Improved Analysis and Interpretation in Drug Design
- 2012
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Ingår i: Molecular informatics. - Weinheim : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1868-1751 .- 1868-1743. ; 31:6-7, s. 414-419
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Partial least squares (PLS) regression is a flexible data analytical approach, which can be made even more versatile and useful by various modifications. In this article we describe the extension into orthogonal PLS modeling, in terms of two new methods, called OPLS and O2PLS, with similar prediction capacity but improved model interpretation.
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| 6. |
- Felth, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Cytotoxic effects of cardiac glycosides in colon cancer cells, alone and in combination with standard chemotherapeutic drugs
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of natural products (Print). - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0163-3864 .- 1520-6025. ; 72:11, s. 1969-1974
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiac glycosides have been reported to exhibit cytotoxic activity against several different cancer types, but studies against colorectal cancer are lacking. In a screening procedure aimed at identifying natural products with activity against colon cancer, several cardiac glycosides were shown to be of interest, and five of these were further evaluated in different colorectal cancer cell lines and primary cells from patients. Convallatoxin (1), oleandrin (4), and proscillaridin A (5) were identified as the most potent compounds (submicromolar IC50 values), and digitoxin (2) and digoxin (3), which are used in cardiac disease, exhibited somewhat lower activity (IC50 values 0.27−4.1 μM). Selected cardiac glycosides were tested in combination with four clinically relevant cytotoxic drugs (5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, cisplatin, irinotecan). The combination of 2 and oxaliplatin exhibited synergism including the otherwise highly drug-resistant HT29 cell line. A ChemGPS-NP application comparing modes of action of anticancer drugs identified cardiac glycosides as a separate cluster. These findings demonstrate that such substances may exhibit significant activity against colorectal cancer cell lines, by mechanisms disparate from currently used anticancer drugs, but at concentrations generally considered not achievable in patient plasma.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Muigg, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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In silico comparison of marine, terrestrial and synthetic compounds using ChemGPS-NP for navigating chemical space
- 2013
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Ingår i: Phytochemistry Reviews. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1568-7767 .- 1572-980X. ; 12:3, s. 449-457
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nature represents a vast source of chemical diversity, which is supposed to cover broader areas of chemical space than synthetically obtained substances typical of medicinal chemistry. With regard to drug discovery from nature, the terrestrial environment has been the most and longest studied source, while the investigation of compounds produced by marine organisms is still in its infancy. With the objective of demonstrating the enormous chemical diversity of nature, in particular that of the marine environment, we used the chemical space navigation tool ChemGPS-NP to compare sets of marine, terrestrial and synthetic compounds with respect to physico-chemical properties and their occupation of the biologically relevant chemical space. Despite considerable overlap, the three datasets clearly differ from each other by occupying and extending into different, specific, regions in chemical space. Synthetic compounds are e.g. comparably small, with some of them being highly flexible, while marine and terrestrial products are larger and characterised by higher and lower molecular flexibility, respectively, with increasing size. Moreover, the three datasets differ to some degree in polarity, aromaticity and heteroatom content. Taken together, ChemGPS-NP has been proven to be a useful tool for navigating large volumes of biologically relevant chemical space. In this study we demonstrated the chemical uniqueness and differences of large sets of natural products, with particular emphasis on marine substances. The hence de-veiled differences further underline the relevance of natural products, of both marine and terrester origin, for future drug discovery.
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| 9. |
- Persson, Anita Maria, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Multivariate data analysis of factors affecting the in vitro dissolution rate and the apparent solubility for a model basic drug substance in aqueous media
- 2010
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Ingår i: Pharmaceutical research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0724-8741 .- 1573-904X. ; 27:7, s. 1309-1317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. To evaluate the usefulness of a miniaturized rotating disk equipment for the determination of factors influencing the in vitro dissolution rate, G, of a model basic drug substance (terfenadine) in different aqueous media, using experimental design and multivariate data analysis. The apparent solubility, S, was included in the chemometric study. Methods. The dissolution rate was determined with a miniaturized rotating disk apparatus and the solubility by shake-flask methodology. Media were based on acetate, phosphate or maleate buffers. The later used in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF-V2). The chemometric analyses included fractional factorial design, principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS). Quantifications were made with a RP-HPLC-DAD system. Results. The most influential factor for both G and S of terfenadine in the different media was pH. Apart from the ionic strength and sodium chloride concentration in the acetate medium, the effects of the other variables were insignificant implying no wetting effect of the surfactants. Conclusions. The miniaturized rotating disk equipment was suitable to use, in conjunction with the chemometric analyses, in the evaluation of the factors affecting the in vitro dissolution rate. The apparent solubility was found to be influenced by the same factors as G.
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| 10. |
- Rosén, Josefin, 1978-
(författare)
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ChemGPS-NP and the Exploration of Biologically Relevant Chemical Space
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Chemical space is basically infinite, and comprises all molecules that could possibly exist. Intelligent ways to efficiently navigate through chemical space and to select promising compounds in drug discovery are important tasks, and the focus of this thesis. In this work a new model for chemical space navigation, ChemGPS-NP, was developed. This model is based on a methodology where a global chemical space map is defined through principal component analysis of physico-chemical properties of a reference set of compounds. Through interpolation from the reference set, positions of novel compounds can be defined on this map and interpreted as chemical properties. ChemGPS-NP was demonstrated to be able to chart the entire biologically relevant chemical space, including both drug-like and natural compounds. This is an important improvement considering the present interest in natural products (NPs) in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as the track record of NPs to serve as basis for more than 50% of all marketed drugs. ChemGPS-NP proved able to handle and process large data sets, to aid in efficient selection of test objects, and to extract useful information from the results of high-throughput screening campaigns. Using ChemGPS-NP, it was shown that NPs occupy unique regions of chemical property space in comparison to drug-like compounds, and a number of features distinguishing NPs from medicinal chemistry compounds were identified. ChemGPS-NP was also shown to be able to reliably predict mode of action of anticancer agents based on chemical structure, a finding that has potential to improve cancer research efficiency. Applying a property based similarity search based on calculated eight dimensional Euclidean distances from ChemGPS-NP rendered a tool to identify NP inspired potential leads for drug discovery. Furthermore, ChemGPS-NPWeb, an online version of ChemGPS-NP, was developed, which provides scientists with open access to the tool via http://chemgps.bmc.uu.se/.
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