| 1. |
- Ahlgren, Thorbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Ungdomars attityder och beteende när det gäller att köpa och sälja sex : en studie i Jönköpings län våren 2008
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kunskapen om i vilken omfattning ungdomar har sålt eller köpt sex är begränsad. Delvis kan det bero på svårigheten med att bestämma vad som omfattas i begreppen sälja och köpa sex. Studier visar också att det i ungdomsrelationer förekommer att gåvor ges efter sexuella aktiviteter.I denna studie har totalt 16 personer (1,9 %) uppgett att de i olika omfattning utfört sexuella tjänster mot ersättning och att 79 personer (9,1 %) blivit erbjudna pengar eller annan ersättning för sexuella tjänster. Det är fler killar än tjejer som säljer sex. När det gäller att ha blivit erbjuden sex mot ersättning är det flest tjejer som svarat ja. Resultatet visar också att 131 personer (15,1 %) kan tänka sig att utföra sexuella tjänster mot ersättning. I svaren kan vi också utläsa att 348 personer (40,1%), mestadels killar, accepterar att andra utför sexuella tjänster mot ersättning.När det gäller i vilka kretsar de som säljer sex umgås är det tydligt att ungdomarna tittar mer på porr, att det är vanligare att de visar sig i sexuella situationer och att de har mindre tolerans mot homosexuella. Samlagsdebuten var ett år tidigare än hela undersökningsgruppen. Det är vanligare att man blivit utsatt för olika sexuella handlingar mot sin vilja, men man har också utsatt andra för sexuella handlingar mot deras vilja. Sammantaget kan vi se att ungdomarna i denna studie som sålt sex lever ett påtagligt mer sexualiserat liv än vad andra ungdomar i motsvarande ålder gör.
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| 2. |
- Barimani, Mia, et al.
(författare)
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Childbirth and parenting preparation in antenatal classes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Midwifery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0266-6138 .- 1532-3099. ; 57, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: to describe topics (1) presented by midwives' during antenatal classes and the amount of time spent on these topics and (2) raised and discussed by first-time parents and the amount of time spent on these topics. Design: qualitative; data were gathered using video or tape recordings and analysed using a three-pronged content analysis approach, i.e., conventional, summative, and directed analyses. Setting and participants: 3 antenatal courses in 2 antenatal units in a large Swedish city; 3 midwives; and 34 course participants. Findings: class content focused on childbirth preparation (67% of the entire antenatal course) and on parenting preparation (33%). Childbirth preparation facilitated parents' understanding of the childbirth process, birthing milieu, the partner's role, what could go wrong during delivery, and pain relief advantages and disadvantages. Parenting preparation enabled parents to (i) plan for those first moments with the newborn; (ii) care for/physically handle the infant; (iii) manage breastfeeding; (iv) manage the period at home immediately after childbirth; and (v) maintain their relationship. During the classes, parents expressed concerns about what could happened to newborns. Parents' questions to midwives and discussion topics among parents were evenly distributed between childbirth preparation (52%) and parenting preparation (48%). Key conclusions: childbirth preparation and pain relief consumed 67% of course time. Parents particularly reflected on child issues, relationship, sex, and anxiety. Female and male participants actively listened to the midwives, appeared receptive to complex issues, and needed more time to ask questions. Parents appreciated the classes yet needed to more information for managing various post-childbirth situations. Implications for practice: while midwifery services vary among hospitals, regions, and countries, midwives might equalise content focus, offer classes in the second trimester, provide more time for parents to talk to each other, allow time in the course plan for parents to bring up new topics, and investigate: (i) ways in which antenatal course development and planning can improve; (ii) measures for evaluating courses; (iii) facilitator training; and (iv) parent satisfaction surveys.
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| 3. |
- Barimani, Mia, et al.
(författare)
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Facilitating and inhibiting factors in transition to parenthood : ways in which health professionals can support parents
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 31, s. 537-546
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The transition to parenthood is an overwhelming life event. From a theoretical perspective, tran- sition to parenthood is a developmental transition that contains certain phases and patterns.Aim: This study aim was twofold (i) discover, describe and comprehend transitional conditions that parents per- ceive as facilitating and inhibiting during transition to parenthood and to (ii) use that knowledge to develop recommendations for professional interventions that sup- port and facilitate transition to parenthood.Design: Meleis transition theory framed the study’s deduc- tive qualitative approach – from planning to analysis. Methods: In a secondary analysis, data were analysed (as per Meleis transition theory) from two studies that implemented interviews with 60 parents in Sweden between 2013 and 2014. Interview questions dealt with parents’ experiences of the transition to parenthood – in relation to experiences with parent-education groups, professional support and continuity after childbirth. Ethical issues: A university research ethics board has approved the research.Results: These factors facilitated transition to parenthood: perceiving parenthood as a normal part of life; enjoying the child’s growth; being prepared and having knowledge; experiencing social support; receiving professional support, receiving information about resources within the health care; participating in well-functioning parent-education groups; and hearing professionals comment on gender dif- ferences as being complementary. These factors inhibited transition to parenthood: having unrealistic expectations; feeling stress and loss of control; experiencing breastfeed- ing demands and lack of sleep; facing a judgmental attitude about breastfeeding; being unprepared for reality; lacking information about reality; lacking professional support and information; lacking healthcare resources; participating in parent-education groups that did not function optimally; and hearing professionals accentuate gender differences in a problematic way.Conclusion: Transition theory is appropriate for helping professionals understand and identify practices that might support parents during transition to parenthood. The study led to certain recommendations that are important for professionals to consider.
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| 4. |
- Berlin, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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Fatherhood group sessions : a descriptive and summative qualitative study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nursing and Health Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1441-0745 .- 1442-2018. ; 22:4, s. 1094-1102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this qualitative study of fatherhood group sessions offered as part of child health care services for new parents was to examine the activities, roles, and topics initiated by the leader and describe fathers' participation. Eight new fathers took part in three audio and video recorded sessions led by a male leader. Three qualitative content analysis approaches were used to analyze data. The analysis showed that the group leader took on four leadership roles, mainly that of discussion leader, but also expert, friend, and organizer. When the group leader acted as discussion leader, fathers participated by discussing challenges and changes in their new situation. Challenges were related to raising the child, partner relationships, everyday life, and gender equality. Fathers also discussed changes in their partner relationships and an increased focus on practicalities in daily life. Fatherhood groups can help new fathers form social networks and can create space for fathers to work through challenging topics, such as gender equality in parenting. The discussion leader's choice of role is crucial to creating the space for such discussions.
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| 5. |
- Berlin, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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Walk the talk : Leader behavior in parental education groups
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nursing and Health Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1441-0745 .- 1442-2018. ; 20:2, s. 173-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Expectant and new parents are offered parental education groups as a way to support their transition to parenthood. Group leadership in these groups has been found to be challenging. Using a qualitative and summative design, the aim of the present study was to investigate how health professionals describe their role in parental education groups compared to their actual behavior. Thirteen health professional leaders in antenatal and child health services were interviewed. These descriptions were compared with the leaders' actual behavior in video and audio-recordings of 16 different group sessions. The results revealed that regardless of how the leaders described their role, they acted as experts and left little time to parents for discussions and active participation. In particular, leaders who described themselves as discussion leaders did not "walk the talk"; that is, they did not do what they said they do when leading groups. That could be explained by lack of professional awareness, group leadership, and pedagogical skills. In order to provide high-quality parental support, leaders need training in group leadership and pedagogy combined with supervision and support on a regular basis.
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| 6. |
- Blomberg, Stefan, 1967-
(författare)
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Beware of Non-Supportive Leaders : Moderating Effects of Supportive Leadership on the Risks and Effects of Workplace Bullying
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim was to investigate how supportive leadership affects workplace bullying—both in terms of risk factors that may lead to bullying but also in terms of the effects of bullying. The thesis includes three survey studies based on different Swedish cohorts and using different research design in terms of the number of data collection waves and timeframes.Based on the association between workplace bullying and poor health—and drawing on the social learning theory, the theory of social information processing, the social identity theory, and the self-categorisation theory—a circular and multilevel interaction model was created. It is presented together with six hypotheses and an open research question.The summarised and combined results can be divided into two major parts concerning (a) two studied risk factors (role ambiguity and individual poor health), and (b) the investigated moderator (supportive leadership).The results showed that role ambiguity is a long term predictor of being exposed to bullying behaviours at work, and that a hostile work climate is a mediator for that association. The results also showed that poor general health is a predictor of future bullying exposure.The results additionally showed that a supportive leadership fully moderated the effects on exposure to bullying behaviours by (a) ambiguous roles, mediated through a hostile work climate, and (b) poor general health. The result furthermore showed that a supportive leadership have an effect on the association between exposure to bullying behaviours and health. The effect was in terms of a moderated moderation also including co-worker support.Finally, the results also pointed to direct positive effects of both supportive leadership and co-worker support on individual health as well as to a direct mitigating effect of a supportive leadership on workplace bullying.Altogether, the thesis points to very important moderating effects of a supportive leadership and especially the fundamentally destructive effects in association with nonsupportive leadership.
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| 7. |
- Blomberg, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to bullying behaviours and support from co-workers and supervisors: a three-way interaction and the effect on health and well-being
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : SPRINGER. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 93:4, s. 479-490
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Workplace bullying can be very stressful and it has detrimental effects on health and well-being which makes it an important area of study. Social support has traditionally been seen as important in moderating work-related stress. It was hypothesised that the negative association between exposure to bullying behaviours, and health and well-being is moderated by (a) perceived support from close co-workers and (b) perceived supportive leadership. In the study, we also investigated a three-way interaction between exposure to bullying behaviours, perceived support from close co-workers and perceived supportive leadership. This association has not been studied before and add new knowledge to the research field. Methods We used a moderated moderation analysis of workplace bullying, co-worker support and supervisor support using cross-sectional data from a work environment survey with 1383 respondents (75% response rate). Results The moderated moderation analysis confirmed the moderating effect of perceived co-worker support but not the moderating effect of perceived supervisor support. There was a three-way interaction, but not in the case of the lowest 12.6% of perceived supervisor support scores. Conclusions These results indicate that the negative effect of workplace bullying on health and well-being is weaker if victims perceive that they have co-worker support, but this protective effect seems to be conditional on the perceived level of supervisor support. In other words, lack of supportive leadership may block the beneficial effect of perceived co-worker support.
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| 8. |
- Blomberg, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Fears, hyperacusis and musicality in Williams syndrome
- 2006
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier BV. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 27:6, s. 668-680
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study investigated the prevalence of fear and hyperacusis and the possible connections between fear, hyperacusis and musicality in a Swedish sample of individuals with Williams syndrome (WS). The study included 38 individuals and a cross-sectional design, with no matched control group. Two persons, who knew the participant well, completed a questionnaire. On reported fears, 58% of the participants scored higher than +2S.D., compared to a psychometric study. Thirteen percent scored above the suggested cut-off for hyperacusis, compared to 2.5% in a psychometric study. Female participants generally had higher reported fears and hyperacusis compared to male participants. There were also startling findings of correlations between reported fears and hyperacusis. This preliminary report supports a hypothesis that fears and anxiety could be associated with hyperacusis in the WS population. A hypothesis that musicality could serve as a protective factor and prevent anxiety, received no or very limited support. A hypothesis that hyperacusis could be connected to a general, readily arousal, tendency in the sympathetic nervous system and could be seen as vulnerability for psychopathology is discussed. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Blomberg, Stefan, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Role ambiguity as an antecedent to workplace bullying: Hostile work climate and supportive leadership as intermediate factors
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Management. - : Elsevier. - 0956-5221 .- 1873-3387. ; 40:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have shown role stress to be an important antecedent of workplace bullying. The present study investigated when and how a long-term effect of role ambiguity on exposure to bullying may be present. Based on the work environment hypothesis, we hypothesized that (a) there is a long-term effect of role ambiguity on exposure of bullying, (b) that this relationship is mediated by hostile work climate, and (c) moderated by supportive leadership. Using a three-wave design, with a time lag of 41–45 months, we showed support for all three hypotheses. The study underscores the importance of clear work-related roles as well as the importance of supportive leadership to prevent the onset of bullying following role stress and hostile climates.
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