| 1. |
- Rosander, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Could a smoothie, rich in nutrients and bioactive substances, improve school performance?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. - 0250-6807 .- 1421-9697. ; 67:Suppl. 1, s. 212-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Fruits and vegetables contain vitamins, minerals and other bioactive substances, which are important for intellectual performance. In a previous study it was shown that approximately two third of the pupils were hungry the last lesson before lunch. The average fruit and vegetable intake at lunch was much lower than the recommendations.Objectives: The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate effect on attention and school performance of a vegetable smoothie, rich in berries, fruits and vegetables, served at the mid-morning brake.Method / Design: In total 250 Swedish children aged 10-12 years participated. The study was designed as a cross-over trial with two study periods of ten schooldays. The children were randomly divided into two groups and were administered either an active smoothie (smoothie 1; group A) or a fruit-based placebo with the same energy content (smoothie 2; group B). Both smoothies were designed to provide 5% of the daily energy. After a three week wash-out period, group A was administered smoothie 2 and group B, smoothie 1. Statistical tests were performed using SPSS package, version 22.0, using Independent-Samples T test. Analysis included processing speed (PTO), concentration performance (CP) and percentages of error (Ep) as assessed by the D2-testResults: Preliminary analyses indicate that PTO and CP increased during the intervention period, whilst Ep decreased, for both groups. The effect was stronger in the group drinking the active smoothie, than in the group drinking the placebo. The effect might partly be caused by the addition of water and energyConclusions: Attention, and thereby also school performance, may be improved by mid-morning consumption of a smoothie containing water, energy and preferably nutrients and other bioactive substances.
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| 2. |
- Rosander, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
-
Could a smoothie, rich in nutrients and bioactive substances, improve school performance?
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. - : S. Karger AG. - 0250-6807 .- 1421-9697. ; 67:Suppl. 1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Fruits and vegetables contain vitamins, minerals and other bioactive substances, which are important for intellectual performance. In a previous study it was shown that approximately two third of the pupils were hungry the last lesson before lunch. The average fruit and vegetable intake at lunch was much lower than the recommendations. Objectives: The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate effect on attention and school performance of a vegetable smoothie, rich in berries, fruits and vegetables, served at the mid-morning brake. Method / Design: In total 250 Swedish children aged 10-12 years participated. The study was designed as a cross-over trial with two study periods of ten schooldays. The children were randomly divided into two groups and were administered either an active smoothie (smoothie 1; group A) or a fruit-based placebo with the same energy content (smoothie 2; group B). Both smoothies were designed to provide 5% of the daily energy. After a three week wash-out period, group A was administered smoothie 2 and group B, smoothie 1. Statistical tests were performed using SPSS package, version 22.0, using Independent-Samples T test. Analysis included processing speed (PTO), concentration performance (CP) and percentages of error (Ep) as assessed by the D2-test Results: Preliminary analyses indicate that PTO and CP increased during the intervention period, whilst Ep decreased, for both groups. The effect was stronger in the group drinking the active smoothie, than in the group drinking the placebo. The effect might partly be caused by the addition of water and energy Conclusions: Attention, and thereby also school performance, may be improved by mid-morning consumption of a smoothie containing water, energy and preferably nutrients and other bioactive substances.
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| 3. |
- Rosander, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
-
Food'n fruit - promoting healthier eating at school : could a smoothie, rich in nutrients and bioactive substances, improve school performance?
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effect on attention of a vegetable smoothie, rich in berries, fruitsand vegetables, served at the school mid-morning brake. ViktoriaOhlsson. Kristianstad UniversityPurpose:The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate effect onattention of a vegetable smoothie, rich in berries, fruits andvegetables, served at the mid-morning brake. The smoothie wasdesigned to provide only 5% of the daily energy. The effect wasassessed by the D2-test of attention.Participants and setting:Pupils, aged 10 to 12 years, from twelve school classes in southernSweden, were invited to participate in the study. In total 250children participated. Children suffering from serious food allergiesor food intolerance were excluded from the study.Data collection:The study was designed as a cross-over trial with two studyperiods of ten schooldays. The children were randomly dividedinto two groups and were administered either an active smoothie(smoothie 1; group A) or a fruit-based placebo with the sameenergy content (smoothie 2; group B). After a three week washoutperiod, group A was administered smoothie 2 and group B,smoothie 1.Prior to the study, all children answered a questionnaire about theirconsumption of fruit, berries and vegetables, physical activity habitand and their perceived hunger during the school day. Age, heightand weight was also recorded.Data analysis:Analysis of the data focused on concentration performance asassessed by the D2-test.
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| 4. |
- Rosander, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
-
Food'n fruit - promoting healthier eating at school : could a smoothie, rich in nutrients and bioactive substances, improve school performance?
- 2015
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Effect on attention of a vegetable smoothie, rich in berries, fruits and vegetables, served at the school mid-morning brake. Viktoria Ohlsson. Kristianstad University Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate effect on attention of a vegetable smoothie, rich in berries, fruits and vegetables, served at the mid-morning brake. The smoothie was designed to provide only 5% of the daily energy. The effect was assessed by the D2-test of attention. Participants and setting: Pupils, aged 10 to 12 years, from twelve school classes in southern Sweden, were invited to participate in the study. In total 250 children participated. Children suffering from serious food allergies or food intolerance were excluded from the study. Data collection: The study was designed as a cross-over trial with two study periods of ten schooldays. The children were randomly divided into two groups and were administered either an active smoothie (smoothie 1; group A) or a fruit-based placebo with the same energy content (smoothie 2; group B). After a three week washout period, group A was administered smoothie 2 and group B, smoothie 1. Prior to the study, all children answered a questionnaire about their consumption of fruit, berries and vegetables, physical activity habit and and their perceived hunger during the school day. Age, height and weight was also recorded. Data analysis: Analysis of the data focused on concentration performance as assessed by the D2-test.
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| 5. |
- Rosander, Ulla, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Methodological considerations in a pilot study on the effects of a berry enriched smoothie on children's performance in school
- 2016
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Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 60:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background and aims: In many countries, the consumption of fruit, berries, and vegetables is about half the recommended. Berries contain bioactive compounds that may affect cognitive functions. School children are often hungry and thirsty during the lectures before lunch and this affects performance. Could a berry-smoothie decrease thirst and hunger, and thereby affect school performance? The aim was to investigate if a cross-over design can be used to study the effects of a smoothie on performance in a school setting.Methods: Methodological challenges included developing an appetizing berry-smoothie and choosing a suitable experimental design that could be adapted to school conditions.In the pilot study, 236 Swedish children aged 10–12 years participated in a cross-over design and were administered either a berry-smoothie or a fruit-based placebo after the midmorning break. Both beverages provided 5% of the daily energy intake. Performance was assessed using the d2 Test of Attention measuring attention span and concentration. Statistical analyses were performed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test in StatXact v 10.3.Results: The consumption of both the smoothie and the placebo increased the attention span and concentration significantly.Conclusion: The children's performance in the d2 Test of Attention was positively affected by beverage consumption. The effect was attributed to the supplementation of water and energy. In this design, the study did not permit any conclusive results regarding the effect of bioactive compounds on performance. In a coming study, a third group, receiving no beverage, should be included aiming to identify the cause of the effect.
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| 6. |
- Rosander, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Methodological considerations in a pilot study on the effects of a berry enriched smoothie on children’s performance in school
- 2017
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Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - : Taylor & Francis. ; 61:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Berries contain bioactive compounds that may affect children’s cognitive function positively, while hunger and thirst during lessons before lunch affect academic performance negatively. This pilot study addresses methodological challenges in studying if a berry smoothie, offered to schoolchildren as a mid-morning beverage, affects academic performance.The objective was to investigate if a cross-over design can be used to study these effects in a school setting.Therefore, in order to investigate assay sensitivity, 236 Swedish children aged 10–12 years were administered either a berry smoothie (active) or a fruit-based control beverage after their mid-morning break. Both beverages provided 5% of child daily energy intake. In total, 91% of participants completed the study. Academic performance was assessed using the d2 test of attention. Statistical analyses were performed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test in StatXact v 10.3.The results showed that the children consumed less of the active berry smoothie than the control (154 g vs. 246 g). Both beverages increased attention span and concentration significantly (p = 0.000). However, as there was no significant difference (p = 0.938) in the magnitude of this effect between the active and control beverages, the assay sensitivity of the study design was not proven. The effect of the beverages on academic performance was attributed the supplementation of water and energy.Despite careful design, the active smoothie was less accepted than the control. This could be explained by un-familiar sensory characteristics and peer influence, stressing the importance of sensory similarity and challenges to perform a study in school settings. The employed cross-over design did not reveal any effects of bioactive compound consumption on academic performance. In future studies, the experimental set up should be modified or replaced by e.g. the parallel study design, in order to provide conclusive results.
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| 7. |
- Rosander, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
-
Methodological considerations in a pilot study on the effects of a berry enriched smoothie on children’s performance in school
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - : SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 61:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Berries contain bioactive compounds that may affect children’s cognitive function positively, while hunger and thirst during lessons before lunch affect academic performance negatively. This pilot study addresses methodological challenges in studying if a berry smoothie, offered to schoolchildren as a mid-morning beverage, affects academic performance. The objective was to investigate if a cross-over design can be used to study these effects in a school setting. Therefore, in order to investigate assay sensitivity, 236 Swedish children aged 10–12 years were administered either a berry smoothie (active) or a fruit-based control beverage after their mid-morning break. Both beverages provided 5% of child daily energy intake. In total, 91% of participants completed the study. Academic performance was assessed using the d2 test of attention. Statistical analyses were performed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test in StatXact v 10.3. The results showed that the children consumed less of the active berry smoothie than the control (154 g vs. 246 g). Both beverages increased attention span and concentration significantly (p = 0.000). However, as there was no significant difference (p = 0.938) in the magnitude of this effect between the active and control beverages, the assay sensitivity of the study design was not proven. The effect of the beverages on academic performance was attributed the supplementation of water and energy. Despite careful design, the active smoothie was less accepted than the control. This could be explained by un-familiar sensory characteristics and peer influence, stressing the importance of sensory similarity and challenges to perform a study in school settings. The employed cross-over design did not reveal any effects of bioactive compound consumption on academic performance. In future studies, the experimental set up should be modified or replaced by e.g. the parallel study design, in order to provide conclusive results.
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| 8. |
- Rosander, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
-
Methodological considerations in a pilot study on the effects of a berry enriched smoothie on children's performance in school
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - : SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background and aims: In many countries, the consumption of fruit, berries, and vegetables is about half the recommended. Berries contain bioactive compounds that may affect cognitive functions. School children are often hungry and thirsty during the lectures before lunch and this affects performance. Could a berry-smoothie decrease thirst and hunger, and thereby affect school performance? The aim was to investigate if a cross-over design can be used to study the effects of a smoothie on performance in a school setting. Methods: Methodological challenges included developing an appetizing berry-smoothie and choosing a suitable experimental design that could be adapted to school conditions. In the pilot study, 236 Swedish children aged 10–12 years participated in a cross-over design and were administered either a berry-smoothie or a fruit-based placebo after the midmorning break. Both beverages provided 5% of the daily energy intake. Performance was assessed using the d2 Test of Attention measuring attention span and concentration. Statistical analyses were performed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test in StatXact v 10.3. Results: The consumption of both the smoothie and the placebo increased the attention span and concentration significantly. Conclusion: The children's performance in the d2 Test of Attention was positively affected by beverage consumption. The effect was attributed to the supplementation of water and energy. In this design, the study did not permit any conclusive results regarding the effect of bioactive compounds on performance. In a coming study, a third group, receiving no beverage, should be included aiming to identify the cause of the effect.
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| 10. |
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