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- Goddi, Ciriaco, et al.
(författare)
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Polarimetric Properties of Event Horizon Telescope Targets from ALMA
- 2021
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 910:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the results from a full polarization study carried out with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) during the first Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) campaign, which was conducted in 2017 April in the lambda 3 mm and lambda 1.3 mm bands, in concert with the Global mm-VLBI Array (GMVA) and the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), respectively. We determine the polarization and Faraday properties of all VLBI targets, including Sgr A*, M87, and a dozen radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs), in the two bands at several epochs in a time window of 10 days. We detect high linear polarization fractions (2%-15%) and large rotation measures (RM > 10(3.3)-10(5.5) rad m(-2)), confirming the trends of previous AGN studies at millimeter wavelengths. We find that blazars are more strongly polarized than other AGNs in the sample, while exhibiting (on average) order-of-magnitude lower RM values, consistent with the AGN viewing angle unification scheme. For Sgr A* we report a mean RM of (-4.2 0.3) x 10(5) rad m(-2) at 1.3 mm, consistent with measurements over the past decade and, for the first time, an RM of (-2.1 0.1) x 10(5) rad m(-2) at 3 mm, suggesting that about half of the Faraday rotation at 1.3 mm may occur between the 3 mm photosphere and the 1.3 mm source. We also report the first unambiguous measurement of RM toward the M87 nucleus at millimeter wavelengths, which undergoes significant changes in magnitude and sign reversals on a one year timescale, spanning the range from -1.2 to 0.3 x 10(5) rad m(-2) at 3 mm and -4.1 to 1.5 x 10(5) rad m(-2) at 1.3 mm. Given this time variability, we argue that, unlike the case of Sgr A*, the RM in M87 does not provide an accurate estimate of the mass accretion rate onto the black hole. We put forward a two-component model, comprised of a variable compact region and a static extended region, that can simultaneously explain the polarimetric properties observed by both the EHT (on horizon scales) and ALMA (which observes the combined emission from both components). These measurements provide critical constraints for the calibration, analysis, and interpretation of simultaneously obtained VLBI data with the EHT and GMVA.
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| 2. |
- Mingardo, E, et al.
(författare)
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A genome-wide association study with tissue transcriptomics identifies genetic drivers for classic bladder exstrophy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Communications biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 5:1, s. 1203-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Classic bladder exstrophy represents the most severe end of all human congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract and is associated with bladder cancer susceptibility. Previous genetic studies identified one locus to be involved in classic bladder exstrophy, but were limited to a restrict number of cohort. Here we show the largest classic bladder exstrophy genome-wide association analysis to date where we identify eight genome-wide significant loci, seven of which are novel. In these regions reside ten coding and four non-coding genes. Among the coding genes is EFNA1, strongly expressed in mouse embryonic genital tubercle, urethra, and primitive bladder. Re-sequence of EFNA1 in the investigated classic bladder exstrophy cohort of our study displays an enrichment of rare protein altering variants. We show that all coding genes are expressed and/or significantly regulated in both mouse and human embryonic developmental bladder stages. Furthermore, nine of the coding genes residing in the regions of genome-wide significance are differentially expressed in bladder cancers. Our data suggest genetic drivers for classic bladder exstrophy, as well as a possible role for these drivers to relevant bladder cancer susceptibility.
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| 6. |
- Neyman, K. M., et al.
(författare)
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Hydrogen-bonding effects on electronic g-tensors of semiquinone anion radicals : relativistic density functional investigation
- 2002
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Ingår i: International Journal of Quantum Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 0020-7608 .- 1097-461X. ; 90:05-apr, s. 1404-1413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- we report results of systematic g-tensor calculations of hydrogen-bonded complexes of two benchmark semiquinone anion radicals, 1,4-benzoquinone and tetramethyl-1,4-benzoquinone (duroquinone), with water and methanol molecules, The calculations have been carried out with the help of a recently developed g-tensor module that is based on a relativistic density functional method that takes spin-orbit interaction self-consistently into account. We demonstrate the applicability of this new computational scheme to describe quantitatively delicate effects, of hydrogen bonding on electronic g-tensor values. Also, we explored general trends of how g-tensors depend on the structure and stoichiometry of hydrogen-bonded semiquinone complexes. Complexes exhibiting one hydrogen bond per oxygen atom of the quinones with a linear arrangement of the C=(OH)-H-... moieties were. shown to feature g-shifts induced by these hydrogen bonds that are in close agreement with measured electron paramagnetic resonance data. Based on deviations of calculated and measured g-components, we classify all other model complexes Studied as less probable Under the experimental conditions.
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| 7. |
- Ravnskov, U., et al.
(författare)
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Lack of an association or an inverse association between low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and mortality in the elderly: a systematic review
- 2016
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Ingår i: Bmj Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 6:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective It is well known that total cholesterol becomes less of a risk factor or not at all for all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality with increasing age, but as little is known as to whether low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), one component of total cholesterol, is associated with mortality in the elderly, we decided to investigate this issue. Setting, participants and outcome measures We sought PubMed for cohort studies, where LDL-C had been investigated as a risk factor for all-cause and/or CV mortality in individuals 60years from the general population. Results We identified 19 cohort studies including 30 cohorts with a total of 68094 elderly people, where all-cause mortality was recorded in 28 cohorts and CV mortality in 9 cohorts. Inverse association between all-cause mortality and LDL-C was seen in 16 cohorts (in 14 with statistical significance) representing 92% of the number of participants, where this association was recorded. In the rest, no association was found. In two cohorts, CV mortality was highest in the lowest LDL-C quartile and with statistical significance; in seven cohorts, no association was found. Conclusions High LDL-C is inversely associated with mortality in most people over 60years. This finding is inconsistent with the cholesterol hypothesis (ie, that cholesterol, particularly LDL-C, is inherently atherogenic). Since elderly people with high LDL-C live as long or longer than those with low LDL-C, our analysis provides reason to question the validity of the cholesterol hypothesis. Moreover, our study provides the rationale for a re-evaluation of guidelines recommending pharmacological reduction of LDL-C in the elderly as a component of cardiovascular disease prevention strategies.
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| 8. |
- Ravnskov, U., et al.
(författare)
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LDL-C does not cause cardiovascular disease: a comprehensive review of the current literature
- 2018
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Ingår i: Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1751-2433 .- 1751-2441. ; 11:10, s. 959-970
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: For half a century, a high level of total cholesterol (TC) or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has been considered to be the major cause of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD), and statin treatment has been widely promoted for cardiovascular prevention. However, there is an increasing understanding that the mechanisms are more complicated and that statin treatment, in particular when used as primary prevention, is of doubtful benefit. Areas covered: The authors of three large reviews recently published by statin advocates have attempted to validate the current dogma. This article delineates the serious errors in these three reviews as well as other obvious falsifications of the cholesterol hypothesis. Expert commentary: Our search for falsifications of the cholesterol hypothesis confirms that it is unable to satisfy any of the Bradford Hill criteria for causality and that the conclusions of the authors of the three reviews are based on misleading statistics, exclusion of unsuccessful trials and by ignoring numerous contradictory observations.
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| 9. |
- Staufer, M, et al.
(författare)
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Interpretation of x-ray emission spectra: NO adsorbed on Ru(001)
- 1999
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0021-9606. ; 111:10, s. 4704-4713
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A density functional investigation of the x-ray emission spectrum of NO adsorbed on Ru(001) has been carried out using model cluster calculations. The dipole matrix elements governing the emission probability were evaluated in the frozen ground-state appr
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