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- Ddiba, Daniel Isaac Waya, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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The circular economy potential of urban organic waste streams in low- and middle-income countries
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environment, Development and Sustainability. - : Springer Nature. - 1387-585X .- 1573-2975.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is growing recognition of the potential environmental and socio-economic benefits of applying a circular economy approach to urban organic waste management through resource recovery. Decisions around planning and implementing circular urban waste systems require estimates of the quantity of resources available in waste streams and their potential market value. However, most case-studies have so-far been conducted in high-income countries and cities in low- and middle-income countries have different challenges when developing a circular economy. The present paper explores these issues by estimating the potential for resource recovery from organic waste streams in the context of low- and middle-income countries, illustrated in Kampala, Uganda. A simplified material flow analysis approach is used to track the transformation of waste streams, namely; faecal sludge, sewage sludge and organic solid waste into the resource recovery products biogas, solid fuel, black soldier fly larvae and compost. Findings indicate that even at current rates of waste collection, the three waste streams combined could annually yield 135,000 tonnes of solid fuel or 39.6 million Nm3 of biogas or 15,000 tonnes of black soldier fly larvae or 108,000 tonnes of compost. Potential revenues from the products could range from 5.1 million USD for compost to 47 million USD for biogas, annually. This case study demonstrates how complex information describing urban waste in specific cities can be presented to facilitate decision-making and planning by stakeholders. By highlighting different resource recovery opportunities, application of this approach could provide an incentive for more sustainable urban sanitation and waste management systems.
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- Ekane, Nelson, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Resources and Risks : Perceptions on the Application of Sewage Sludge on Agricultural Land in Sweden, a Case Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2571-581X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To spread or not to spread sewage sludge on agricultural land in Sweden remains the subject of a highly polarized debate among different stakeholders in the Swedish agricultural sector. This article presents insights on how stakeholders in Sweden see and explain the potentials and safety of spreading sewage sludge on agricultural land. This is done by drawing on risk perception literature and qualitative research methods. The findings reveal that fear of contamination and feeling of disgust are major deterrents of the use of sludge as an agricultural input. These are partly explained by unknowns and unfamiliarity about risks of unwanted substances in sludge. The study shows that while actors engaged in the practice amplify benefits of sludge as a resource and reiterate the need for emphasis on upstream measures including improved risk management systems, actors in charge of controlling toxins in society amplify actual and potential risks, highlight gaps in monitoring and minimizing risks, and would rather have a complete ban on the practice. This study highlights the complex combination of technical, environmental, socio-economic, psychological, and political factors influencing judgment and decision-making regarding sludge and its use as fertilizer in agriculture and concludes that the clash between facts and feelings which epitomizes the Swedish sludge debate may have implications for public trust and effective risk communication. As contribution to the Swedish sewage sludge debate, this study emphasizes that the benefits of sludge in agriculture is important but not enough to drive the practice to scale. It is even more important to improve understanding on the controllability and severity of risks in short and long-term.
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- Johannessen, Åse, et al.
(författare)
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Strategies for building resilience to hazards in water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) systems : the role of public private partnerships
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-4209. ; 10:part A, s. 102-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to enhance understanding of how the resilience of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) systems to hazards can be improved. In turn, this aims to inform different strategies for public and private partnerships (PPPs). In a new approach, to acknowledge the multi levelled nature of resilience; risk at the relevant levels are taken into account, (regional/river basin, urban area, and individual). For these levels, we first describe the different components of risk, vulnerability and resilience of the WASH system that influence people׳s exposure to hazards. We illustrate these components using examples from case studies in the literature. Using a social learning lens - a crucial ingredient of resilience - we examine opportunities for reducing risks through improving public–private engagement. These are presented as strategies which could guide investment decisions: As pressures from climate change and development add up, businesses must become aware of the risks involved in operating and investing without considering ecosystem health, both in terms of the services they provide for mitigating floods and droughts, as well as in terms of the development approaches that define how ecosystems are managed (e.g. “making space” for, rather than controlling water). There is a need to develop an institutional culture that strives towards greener and more resilient urban environments with the help of various quality assurance methods. Partnerships must reach the poorer customer base, encourage informal small entrepreneurs, and boost financial mechanisms (e.g. micro-insurance, micro-finance) to support the most vulnerable in society
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- Oster, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Bridging gaps in the agricultural phosphorus cycle from an animal husbandry perspective: The case of pigs and poultry
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - Basel, Switzerland : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 10:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since phosphorus (P) is an essential element for life, its usage and application across agricultural production systems requires great attention. Monogastric species such as pigs and poultry can significantly contribute to global food security but these animals remain highly dependent on the supply of mineral inorganic P in their feeds. Pig and poultry, which represent 70% of the global meat production, are also major P excretors and thus represent important sources of environmental P inputs. Balancing the P cycle within farming systems is crucial to achieve P sustainable and resilient livestock production. Therefore, the interconnection of animal feed, livestock farming, manure, and soil/aquatic ecosystems requires multidisciplinary approaches to improve P management. With regard to a sustainable agricultural P cycle, this study addresses aspects of feeding strategies and animal physiology (e.g., phase feeding, P conditioning, liquid feeding, phytase supplementation, genetics), soil agroecosystems (e.g., P cycling, P losses, P gains), reuse and recycling (e.g., manure, slaughter waste), measures of farmers' economic performance (e.g., bio-economic models), and P governance/policy instruments (e.g., P quota, P tax). To reconcile the economic and ecological sustainability of animal husbandry, the strategic objective of future research will be to provide solutions for a sufficient supply of high-quality animal products from resource-efficient and economically competitive agro-systems which are valued by society and preserve soil and aquatic ecosystems.
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- Rosemarin, Arno, et al.
(författare)
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Ecosan Resource Guide
- 2007
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Ingår i: Waterlines. ; 26:2, s. 21-
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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