| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Andersson, Mats, 1963, et al.
(författare)
-
Adsorption and reactions of O2 and D2 on small free palladium clusters in a cluster-molecule scattering experiment
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics Condensed Matter. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 22:33, s. 334223-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adsorption of oxygen and hydrogen (deuterium) on small neutral palladium clusters was investigated in a cluster beam experiment. The beam passes through two low-pressure reaction cells, and the clusters, with and without adsorbed molecules, are detected using laser ionization and mass spectrometry. Both H2 and O2 adsorb efficiently on the palladium clusters with only moderate variations with cluster size in the investigated range, i.e. between 8 and 28 atoms. The co-adsorption of H2 and O2 results in the formation of H2O, detected as a decrease in the number of adsorbed oxygen atoms with an increasing number of collisions with H2 molecules. A comparison is done with an earlier similar study of clusters of Pt. Furthermore a comparison is done with what is known for sticking and reactivity of surfaces.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Bender, Johanna, 1975, et al.
(författare)
-
Lipid cubic phases for improved topical drug delivery in photodynamic therapy.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Journal of Controlled Release. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-3659 .- 1873-4995. ; 106:3, s. 350-360
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have evaluated the efficacy of lipid cubic phases, highly ordered self-assembly systems on the nanometer level, as drug delivery vehicles for in vivo topical administration of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and its methyl ester (m-ALA) on nude mice skin. ALA, a precursor of heme, induces the production of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in living tissue. Measuring the PpIX fluorescence at the skin surface, after topical administration, makes indirect quantification of the penetration of ALA into the tissue possible. Cubic phases were formed of lipid (monoolein or phytantriol), water and drug. In some cases, propylene glycol was included in the cubic phase as well. The drug concentration was 3% (w/w, based on the total sample weight) in all investigated vehicles. When the formulations were applied for 1 h, the monoolein cubic systems and the three-component phytantriol sample showed higher fluorescence compared to the standard ointment during the 10 h of measurement. Both ALA and m-ALA yielded similar results, although the differences between the investigated vehicles were more pronounced when using m-ALA. For the 24-h applications, the monoolein cubic systems with m-ALA showed faster PpIX formation than the standard ointment, implying higher PpIX levels at short application times (less than 4 h). The systemic PpIX fluorescence of ALA was elevated by using the lipid cubic formulations. Notably, a small systemic effect was also observed for the monoolein cubic sample with m-ALA. These results imply improved PpIX formation when using the lipid cubic systems, most probably due to enhanced drug penetration.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Bolton, Kim, 1964, et al.
(författare)
-
Atomistic simulations of catalyzed carbon nanotube growth
- 2006
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY. - : American Scientific Publishers. - 1533-4880 .- 0000-0000. ; 6:5, s. 1211-1224
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We review the advances made in understanding the mechanism of catalyzed carbon nanotube growth, with the main focus on direct dynamics and molecular dynamics studies of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) growth. These studies have deepened our understanding of the catalytic SWNT nucleation and growth mechanisms, but more accurate and efficient methods are required for a complete investigation at experimental growth conditions.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Claeson, Magdalena, 1976, et al.
(författare)
-
Incidence of cutaneous melanoma in Western Sweden, 1970-2007.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Melanoma research. - 1473-5636. ; 22:5, s. 392-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe the increasing incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) in Western Sweden during the period 1970-2007. A secondary aim was to show a geographical variation in incidence between coastal and inland areas, considering the effects of the local average duration of sunshine, and the sun exposure-related behavior in the populations. The Swedish Cancer Registry provided data on invasive melanomas during 1970-2007. Meteorological maps showed the annual average duration of sunshine during 1961-1990. A survey from 2007 with 2871 participants, carried out by the National Board of Health and Welfare, provided data on self-reported sun exposure. During the period studied, the age-standardized incidence for men in Western Sweden more than quadrupled to 31.1/100 000 inhabitants, whereas it tripled for women to 27.1/100 000. Coastal areas, including Gothenburg city, had a high average duration of sunshine (1701-1900 h of sun/year), whereas inland areas had lower average duration of sunshine (≤1700 h). The incidence of CMM was higher in coastal areas and in Gothenburg city, compared with inland areas. This may be linked to ultraviolet radiation, a consequence of the higher average duration of sunshine. The sun exposure survey showed additional factors, which possibly led to the increased incidence, for example high sun exposure on holidays abroad. The alarming increase in the incidence of CMM in Western Sweden, during the period 1970-2007, shows the need for additional primary preventive measures, for example sun protection programs targeted at populations in this area.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
