| 1. |
- Ahnesjö, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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En beteende-ekologisk forskningsperiod på Klubbans biologiska station : Rapport från återträff med Doktorer som disputerade (1983-2001) på avhandlingar med fältarbete på Klubbans Biologiska station. I en värld av kantnålar, stubbar, spiggar och nudingar.
- 2018
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- We had the fortune as PhD-students and scientists in Animal Ecology at Uppsala University, to spend joyful and creative field work summers at Klubban Biological Station, during the 1980-90’s. A reunion in June 2018 resulted in this report highlighting research on pipefishes, gobies, sticklebacks and nudibranchs. Our research on these animals have provided novel insights and knowledge of the process of sexual selection and paternal care. These animals have, in many aspects, now become model organisms in evolutionary behavioral ecology in marine environments. Our list of publications provides many examples of how environmental factors influence how sexual selection and mate choice operate, how predictors like potential reproductive rates, operational sex ratios work and how male parental care is prominent in influencing selection. This research, that started at Klubban, has broadened our understanding of the ecological importance of shallow marine areas. The evolutionary understanding of how males and females can behave and how adaptive traits are selected in interaction with social and an increasingly changing ambient environment is in focus in our continued scientific endeavors. We have happily compiled this report illustrating how science and scientist can stimulate each other at a wonderful place like Klubban Biological Station, with the access to amazing organisms like pipefishes, gobies, sticklebacks and nudibranchs.
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| 2. |
- Ahnesjö, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Obituary : Staffan Ulfstrand
- 2024
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Ingår i: Behavioral Ecology. - : Oxford University Press. - 1045-2249 .- 1465-7279. ; 35:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 3. |
- Berdal Anderson, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Innovation as part of a wider behavioural syndrome in the guppy: : Theeffect of sex and body size
- 2018
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Ingår i: Ethology. - : Wiley. - 0179-1613 .- 1439-0310.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent work on animal personalities has shown that individuals within populations often differ consistently in various types of behaviour and that many of these behaviours correlate among individuals to form behavioural syndromes. Individuals of certain species have also been shown to differ in their rate of behavioural innovation in arriving at novel solutions to new and existing problems (e.g., mazes, novel foods). Here, we investigate whether behaviours traditionally studied in personality research are correlated with individual rates of innovation as part of a wider behavioural syndrome. Guppies (Poecilia reticulata) of both sexes from three different wild population sources were assessed: (a) exploration of an open area; (b) speed through a three‐dimensional maze; (c) investigation of a novel object; and (d) attraction to a novel food. The covariance structure (syndrome structure) was examined using structural equation modelling. The best model separated behaviours relating to activity in all contexts from rates of exploration/investigation and innovation. Innovative behaviour (utilizing new food and moving through a novel area) in these fish therefore forms part of the same syndrome as the traditional shy‐bold continuum (exploration of an open area and investigation of a novel object) found in many animal personality studies. There were no clear differences in innovation or syndrome structure between the sexes, or between the three different populations. However, body size was implicated as part of the behavioural syndrome structure, and because body size is highly correlated with age in guppies, this suggests that individual behavioural differences in personality/innovation in guppies may largely be driven by developmental state.
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| 4. |
- Berglund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Baltic pipefish females need twice as many males as they get
- 2017
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Ingår i: Behavioral Ecology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1045-2249 .- 1465-7279. ; 28:3, s. 827-832
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sex role reversal in 2 pipefish species, Syngnathus typhle and Nerophis ophidion, is potentially explained by females reproducing twice as fast as males. Moreover, in oceanic populations from the Swedish west coast, females compete for males with males pre- ferring to mate with larger females. However, in a brackish Baltic population of S. typhle, males do not prefer larger mates, whereas choosiness remains in the local N. ophidion population. We explore whether this absence of male choice in brackish S. typhle can be explained by males and females having more similar potential reproductive rates here, whereas the sex difference may remain in the local N. ophidion population. Contrary to our expectations, in both species, females out-reproduced males by a factor of more than 2, just as in the oceanic populations. We measured this experimentally as the number of males a female potentially could fill with eggs within the time span of 1 male pregnancy, in relation to males available in nature. Thus, we conclude that sexual selection on females is as strong in brackish as in oceanic populations of both species but that targets of selection via male choice are shifted to traits other than body size in S. typhle. Hence, costs and benefits of choice are probably more important than potential reproductive rates to understand mate choice. We suggest that it may be misleading to use targets of sexual selection, such as choice for large body size, as an indicator of the strength of sexual selection.
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| 5. |
- Björk, Mats, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Methane emissions from macrophyte beach wrack on Baltic seashores
- 2023
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Nature. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 52:1, s. 171-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Beach wrack of marine macrophytes is a natural component of many beaches. To test if such wrack emits the potent greenhouse gas methane, field measurements were made at different seasons on beach wrack depositions of different ages, exposure, and distance from the water. Methane emissions varied greatly, from 0 to 176 mg CH4-C m−2 day−1, with a clear positive correlation between emission and temperature. Dry wrack had lower emissions than wet. Using temperature data from 2016 to 2020, seasonal changes in fluxes were calculated for a natural wrack accumulation area. Such calculated average emissions were close to zero during winter, but peaked in summer, with very high emissions when daily temperatures exceeded 20 °C. We conclude that waterlogged beach wrack significantly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and that emissions might drastically increase with increasing global temperatures. When beach wrack is collected into heaps away from the water, the emissions are however close to zero.
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| 6. |
- Cunha, Mario, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced sexual size dimorphism in a pipefish population where males do not prefer larger females
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 9:22, s. 12826-12835
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within a species' distribution, populations are often exposed to diverse environmentsand may thus experience different sources of both natural and sexual selection.These differences are likely to impact the balance between costs and benefits toindividuals seeking reproduction, thus entailing evolutionary repercussions. Here, welook into an unusual population (Baltic Sea) of the broadnosed pipefish, Syngnathustyphle, where males do not seem to select females based on size and hypothesizethat this pattern may derive from a reduction in direct benefits to the male. We furtherhypothesize that if larger females do not persistently secure a higher reproductivesuccess, either through pre‐ or postcopulatory sexual selection, a decrease insexual size dimorphism in the Baltic population should be apparent, especially whencontrasted with a well‐studied population, inhabiting similar latitudes (Swedish westcoast), where males prefer larger females. We found that, in the Baltic population,variation in female quality is low. We were unable to find differences in abortion ratesor protein concentration in oocytes produced by females of contrasting sizes. Directbenefits from mating with large partners seem, thus, reduced in the Baltic population.We also found no evidence of any postcopulatory mechanism that could favorlarger mothers as embryo development was unrelated to female size. While femalesize can still be selected through intrasexual competition or fecundity selection, thepressure for large female body size seems to be lower in the Baltic. Accordingly, wefound a noticeable decrease in sexual size dimorphism in the Baltic population. Weconclude that, although far from negating the significance of other selective processes,sexual selection seems to have a decisive role in supporting pipefish sexualsize asymmetries.
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| 7. |
- Dymek, Jakub, et al.
(författare)
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Micro- and macro-morphology of the olfactory organ of Syngnathus typhle (Syngnathidae, Actinopterygii)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Zoologica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-7272 .- 1463-6395. ; 102:2, s. 206-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herein, we describe the micro- and macro-morphology of the olfactory organ in broad-nosed pipefish (Syngnathus typhle) with a comparison of this organ between males and females during breeding season. With 8 adult males, 8 females, and 7 pregnant males collected during the breeding season from the Baltic sea as our samples, our research was conducted using light and electron (TEM, SEM) microscopes and immunohistochemistry methods to distinguish the olfactory sensory neurons. The interior of the olfactory chamber lacked an olfactory rosette. Instead, olfactory receptor epithelium covered the inner walls of the olfactory chamber and, to varying degrees, the inside of the anterior and posterior nostrils. All types of olfactory sensory neurons (ciliated, microvillus, and crypt) were present within the olfactory sensory epithelium, although the crypt sensory neurons were limited to the pregnant and non-pregnant males). The olfactory sensory neurons were present in the areas where the density of the non-sensory epithelium cells was reduced. No significant differences in morphology of the olfactory organ between sexes were found. Nevertheless, only in males crypt sensory neurons were presented in olfactory epithelium, which indicates that sense of smell could play a little role during mating.
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| 8. |
- Landis, Susanne H., et al.
(författare)
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Behavioral adjustments of a pipefish to bacterial Vibrio challenge
- 2012
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Ingår i: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-5443 .- 1432-0762. ; 66:10, s. 1399-1405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Animals can profit from increasing temperatures by prolonged breeding seasons and faster growth rates. However, these fitness benefits are traded off against higher parasite load and increased virulence of temperature-sensitive pathogens. In thermally stratified habitats, behavioral plasticity can allow hosts to choose the optimal temperature to enhance individual fitness and to escape parasite pressure. To test this idea, we performed a temperature choice experiment with the host-parasite system of the sex-role reversed broad-nosed pipefish (Syngnathus typhle) and its bacterial pathogen Vibrio spp. In this species, pregnant males are expected to face a trade-off between shortening their brooding period in warm water and decreasing the effect of the infection in cold water. We found that exposure to Vibrio changed the temperature preference for both pregnant and nonpregnant males, as well as females compared to nonchallenged fish that tended to prefer warm water. This study shows that behavioral plasticity is one option for avoidance of higher bacterial prevalence, as expected due to rising ocean temperatures.
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| 9. |
- Langhamer, Olivia, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of an offshore wind farm on the viviparous eelpout: Biometrics, brood development and population studies in Lillgrund, Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Ecological Indicators. - : Elsevier BV. - 1470-160X .- 1872-7034. ; 84, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sufficient, clean and secure energy is the main driver for a worldwide growing welfare and economic development of a society. Environmental concerns on the expansion of offshore renewable energy and its impact on marine organisms need to be scientifically assessed for risks and consequences. In order to observe the effects of an operating wind farm on fish, we studied the rather stationary and benthic-living fish species viviparous eelpout (Zoarces viviparous) as model indicator organisms. We compared local populations of viviparous eelpout in the Lillgrund Offshore Wind Farm (OWF) with natural sites in the Öresund strait in Sweden. Eelpout studies on population dynamics, biometrics, reproductive success and fry development were conducted in 2011 and 2012. Condition index, histosomatic index, gonadosomatic index were measured additionally. Our findings showed that Lillgrund OWF neither had an impact on the condition index (CI), nor on brood development of female viviparous eelpout. Furthermore, populations size estimates in Lillgrund indicated that eelpout neither specifically aggregated in nor avoided the offshore wind farm, and no clear reef effect attracting eelpout to the foundations and scour protections of the OWF was observed. Our conclusion is that the operating wind farm did not have any potentially negative effects, since we did not observe any negative effects neither on the individual health of eelpout nor of the reproductive performance. We suggest that eelpout which may also be used as an indicator species for the environmental status of Lillgrund, as well as for other offshore wind farms and marine renewable energy installations, both in the Baltic and coastal waters in northern Europe. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
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| 10. |
- Lindqvist, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Male broad-nosed pipefish Syngnathus typhle do not locate females by smell
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Fish Biology. - London : Academic Press. - 0022-1112 .- 1095-8649. ; 78:6, s. 1861-1867
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Broad-nosed pipefish Syngnathus typhle were used to investigate whether males used scent in their search for mates. When the males in an experiment had access to olfactory cues only, they did not locate females better than they located males. Thus, S. typhle, was less successful in mate search when visual cues were absent.
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