| 1. |
- Blanton, Michael R., et al.
(författare)
-
Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV : Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Astronomical Journal. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0004-6256 .- 1538-3881. ; 154:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and. high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median z similar to 0.03). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between z similar to 0.6 and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs. and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the. Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July.
|
|
| 2. |
- Edwards, Robert A., et al.
(författare)
-
Global phylogeography and ancient evolution of the widespread human gut virus crAssphage
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nature Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2058-5276. ; 4:10, s. 1727-1736
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microbiomes are vast communities of microorganisms and viruses that populate all natural ecosystems. Viruses have been considered to be the most variable component of microbiomes, as supported by virome surveys and examples of high genomic mosaicism. However, recent evidence suggests that the human gut virome is remarkably stable compared with that of other environments. Here, we investigate the origin, evolution and epidemiology of crAssphage, a widespread human gut virus. Through a global collaboration, we obtained DNA sequences of crAssphage from more than one-third of the world's countries and showed that the phylogeography of crAssphage is locally clustered within countries, cities and individuals. We also found fully colinear crAssphage-like genomes in both Old-World and New-World primates, suggesting that the association of crAssphage with primates may be millions of years old. Finally, by exploiting a large cohort of more than 1,000 individuals, we tested whether crAssphage is associated with bacterial taxonomic groups of the gut microbiome, diverse human health parameters and a wide range of dietary factors. We identified strong correlations with different clades of bacteria that are related to Bacteroidetes and weak associations with several diet categories, but no significant association with health or disease. We conclude that crAssphage is a benign cosmopolitan virus that may have coevolved with the human lineage and is an integral part of the normal human gut virome.
|
|
| 3. |
- Jung, Christian, et al.
(författare)
-
A comparison of very old patients admitted to intensive care unit after acute versus elective surgery or intervention
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of critical care. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 52, s. 141-148
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We aimed to evaluate differences in outcome between patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) after elective versus acute surgery in a multinational cohort of very old patients (80 years; VIP). Predictors of mortality, with special emphasis on frailty, were assessed.Methods: In total, 5063 VIPs were induded in this analysis, 922 were admitted after elective surgery or intervention, 4141 acutely, with 402 after acute surgery. Differences were calculated using Mann-Whitney-U test and Wilcoxon test. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess associations with mortality.Results: Compared patients admitted after acute surgery, patients admitted after elective surgery suffered less often from frailty as defined as CFS (28% vs 46%; p < 0.001), evidenced lower SOFA scores (4 +/- 5 vs 7 +/- 7; p < 0.001). Presence of frailty (CFS >4) was associated with significantly increased mortality both in elective surgery patients (7% vs 12%; p = 0.01), in acute surgery (7% vs 12%; p = 0.02).Conclusions: VIPs admitted to ICU after elective surgery evidenced favorable outcome over patients after acute surgery even after correction for relevant confounders. Frailty might be used to guide clinicians in risk stratification in both patients admitted after elective and acute surgery.
|
|
| 4. |
- Aguado, D. S., et al.
(författare)
-
The Fifteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys : First Release of MaNGA-derived Quantities, Data Visualization Tools, and Stellar Library
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 240:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty years have passed since first light for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Here, we release data taken by the fourth phase of SDSS (SDSS-IV) across its first three years of operation (2014 July-2017 July). This is the third data release for SDSS-IV, and the 15th from SDSS (Data Release Fifteen; DR15). New data come from MaNGA-we release 4824 data cubes, as well as the first stellar spectra in the MaNGA Stellar Library (MaStar), the first set of survey-supported analysis products (e.g., stellar and gas kinematics, emission-line and other maps) from the MaNGA Data Analysis Pipeline, and a new data visualization and access tool we call "Marvin." The next data release, DR16, will include new data from both APOGEE-2 and eBOSS; those surveys release no new data here, but we document updates and corrections to their data processing pipelines. The release is cumulative; it also includes the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since first light. In this paper, we describe the location and format of the data and tools and cite technical references describing how it was obtained and processed. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has also been updated, providing links to data downloads, tutorials, and examples of data use. Although SDSS-IV will continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V (2020-2025), we end this paper by describing plans to ensure the sustainability of the SDSS data archive for many years beyond the collection of data.
|
|
| 5. |
- Bogerd, Cornelis P., et al.
(författare)
-
A review on ergonomics of headgear: Thermal effects
- 2015
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8141. ; 45:February, s. 1-12
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The thermal effects related to wearing headgear are complex and different studies have investigated single parts of this topic. This review aims at summarizing the different findings to give a complete overview on this topic as well as to suggest new perspectives. Headgear increases head insulation and therefore is mainly problematic under warm conditions, which is the focus of this review. Helmets do not affect physiological parameters other than the local skin temperature and sweat rate. However, the head is among the most sensitive body parts related to thermal comfort, thereby directly affecting the willingness to wear headgear. Several methods have been used to study thermal aspects of headgear, which could be categorized as (i) numerical, (ii) biophysical, (iii) combined numerical and biophysical, and (iv) user trials. The application of these methods established that heat transfer mainly takes place through radiation and convection. Headgear parameters relevant to these heat transfer pathways, are reviewed and suggestions are provided for improving existing headgear concepts and developing new concepts, ultimately leading to more accepted headgear. Relevance to industry: This review provides a sound basis for improving existing headgear concepts. Firstly, a concise overview of headgear research related to thermal effects is given, leading to empirically based improvement suggestions and identification of research fields with a high potential. Finally, relevant research methods are described facilitating evaluation in R&D processes.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Geraldine Guex, Anne, et al.
(författare)
-
Controlling pH by electronic ion pumps to fight fibrosis
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Applied Materials Today. - : Elsevier. - 2352-9407. ; 22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fibrosis and scar formation is a medical condition observed under various circumstances, ranging from skin wound healing to cardiac deterioration after myocardial infarction. Among other complex interdependent phases during wound healing, fibrosis is associated with an increased fibroblast to myofibroblast transition. A common hypothesis is that decreasing the pH of non-healing, alkaline wounds to a pH range of 6.0 to 6.5 increases healing rates. A new material-based strategy to change the pH by use of electronic ion pumps is here proposed. In contrast to passive acidic wound dressings limited by non-controlled delivery kinetics, the unique electronic ion pump design and operation enables a continuous regulation of pH by H+ delivery over prolonged durations. In an in vitro model, fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation is attenuated by lowering the physiological pH to an acidic regime of 6.62 +/- 0.06. Compared to differentiated myofibroblasts in media at pH 7.4, gene and protein expression of fibrosis relevant markers alpha-smooth muscle actin and collagen 1 is significantly reduced. In conclusion, myofibroblast differentiation can be steered by controlling the pH of the cellular microenvironment by use of the electronic ion pump technology as new bioelectronic drug delivery devices. This technology opens up new therapeutic avenues to induce scar-free wound healing. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
|
|
| 8. |
- Havenith, George, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaporative Cooling: effective latent heat of evaporation in relation to evaporation distance from the skin
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physiology. - 1522-1601. ; 114:6, s. 778-785
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Calculation of evaporative heat loss is essential to heat balance calculations. Despite recognition that the value for latent heat of evaporation, used in these calculations, may not always reflect the real cooling benefit to the body, only limited quantitative data on this is available which has found little use in recent literature. In this experiment a thermal manikin (MTNW, Seattle) was used to determine the effective cooling power of moisture evaporation. The manikin measures both heat loss and mass loss independently allowing a direct calculation of an effective latent heat of evaporation (λeff). The location of the evaporation was varied: from the skin or from the underwear or from the outerwear. Outerwear of different permeabilities was used and different numbers of layers were used. Tests took place in 20ºC, 0.5 m.s-1 at different humidities and were performed both dry and with a wet layer allowing the breakdown of heat loss in dry and evaporative components. For evaporation from the skin λeff is close to the theoretical value (2430J.g-1), but starts to drop when more clothing is worn, e.g. by 11% for underwear and permeable coverall. When evaporation is from the underwear, λeff reduction is 28% wearing a permeable outer. When evaporation is from the outermost layer only, the reduction exceeds 62% (no base-layer) increasing towards 80% with more layers between skin and wet outerwear. In semi- and impermeable outerwear the added effect of condensation in the clothing opposes this effect. A general formula for the calculation of λeff was developed.
|
|
| 9. |
- Psikuta, Agnes, et al.
(författare)
-
Opportunities and constraints of presently used thermal manikins for thermo-physiological simulation of the human body
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Biometeorology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1254 .- 0020-7128. ; 60:3, s. 435-446
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combining the strengths of an advanced mathematical model of human physiology and a thermal manikin is a new paradigm for simulating thermal behaviour of humans. However, the forerunners of such adaptive manikins showed some substantial limitations. This project aimed to determine the opportunities and constraints of the existing thermal manikins when dynamically controlled by a mathematical model of human thermal physiology. Four thermal manikins were selected and evaluated for their heat flux measurement uncertainty including lateral heat flows between manikin body parts and the response of each sector to the frequent change of the set-point temperature typical when using a physiological model for control. In general, all evaluated manikins are suitable for coupling with a physiological model with some recommendations for further improvement of manikin dynamic performance. The proposed methodology is useful to improve the performance of the adaptive manikins and help to provide a reliable and versatile tool for the broad research and development domain of clothing, automotive and building engineering.
|
|
| 10. |
- Richards, Mark G M, et al.
(författare)
-
Dry and wet heat transfer through clothing dependent on the clothing properties under cold conditions
- 2008
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - 2376-9130. ; 14:1, s. 69-76
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moisture on the heat transfer through clothing in relation to the water vapour resistance, type of underwear, location of the moisture and climate. This forms part of the work performed for work package 2 of the European Union THERMPROTECT project. Thermal manikin results of dry and wet heat loss are presented from different laboratories for a range of 2-layer clothing with similar dry insulations but different water vapour permeabilities and absorptive properties. The results obtained from the different manikins are generally consistent with one another. For each climate, total wet heat loss is predominately dependent on the permeability of the outer layer. At 10 degrees C, the apparent evaporative heat loss is markedly higher than expected from evaporation alone (measured at 34 degrees C) which is attributed to condensation within the clothing and to increased conductivity of the wet clothing layers.
|
|
