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- Rostgaard-Hansen, Agnetha, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal gut microbiota variability and association with dietary patterns : from the one-year observational Diet, cancer, and health - Next generations MAX study
- 2024
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 119:4, s. 1015-1026
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Knowledge about the variability of gut microbiota within an individual over time is important to allow meaningful investigations of the gut microbiota in relation to diet and health outcomes in observational studies. Plant-based dietary patterns have been associated with a lower risk of morbidity and mortality and may alter gut microbiota in a favorable direction.Objectives: To assess the gut microbiota variability during one year and investigate the association between adherence to diet indexes and the gut microbiota in a Danish population.Methods: Four hundred forty-four participants were included in the Diet, Cancer, and Health - Next Generations MAX study (DCH-NG MAX). Stool samples collected up to three times during a year were analyzed by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing. Diet was obtained by 24-hour dietary recalls. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess temporal microbial variability based on 214 individuals. Diet indexes (Nordic, Mediterranean, and plant-based diets) and food groups thereof were associated with gut microbiota using linear regression analyses.Results: We found that 91 out of 234 genera had an ICC >0.5. We identified three subgroups dominated by Bacteroides, Prevotella 9, and Ruminococcaceae and adherence to diet indexes differed between subgroups. Higher adherence to diet indexes was associated with the relative abundance of 22 genera. Across diet indexes, higher intakes of fruit, vegetables, whole grains/cereals, and nuts were most frequently associated with these genera.Conclusions: In the DCH-NG MAX study, 39% of the genera had an ICC >0.5 over one year, suggesting that these genera could be studied with health outcomes in prospective analyses with acceptable precision. Adherence to the Nordic, Mediterranean, and plant-based diets differed between bacterial subgroups and was associated with a higher abundance of genera with fiber-degrading properties. Fruits, vegetables, whole grains/cereals, and nuts were frequently associated with these genera.
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| 2. |
- Palmnäs, Marie, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Perspective: Metabotyping—A Potential Personalized Nutrition Strategy for Precision Prevention of Cardiometabolic Disease
- 2020
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Ingår i: Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.). - : Elsevier BV. - 2161-8313 .- 2156-5376. ; 11:3, s. 524-532
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diet is an important, modifiable lifestyle factor of cardiometabolic disease risk, and an improved diet can delay or even prevent the onset of disease. Recent evidence suggests that individuals could benefit from diets adapted to their genotype and phenotype: that is, personalized nutrition. A novel strategy is to tailor diets for groups of individuals according to their metabolic phenotypes (metabotypes). Randomized controlled trials evaluating metabotype-specific responses and nonresponses are urgently needed to bridge the current gap of knowledge with regard to the efficacy of personalized strategies in nutrition. In this Perspective, we discuss the concept of metabotyping, review the current literature on metabotyping in the context of cardiometabolic disease prevention, and suggest potential strategies for metabotype-based nutritional advice for future work. We also discuss potential determinants of metabotypes, including gut microbiota, and highlight the use of metabolomics to define effective markers for cardiometabolic disease-related metabotypes. Moreover, we hypothesize that people at high risk for cardiometabolic diseases have distinct metabotypes and that individuals grouped into specific metabotypes may respond differently to the same diet, which is being tested in a project of the Joint Programming Initiative: A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life.
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| 3. |
- Rostgaard-Hansen, Agnetha, 1986
(författare)
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Diet and gut microbiota in cardiometabolic health: Studies from the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health – Next Generations Cohort and the sub-cohort MAX
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) are the leading cause of death globally. Diet is a key preventive factor of CMD and a determinant of gut microbiota. Gut microbiota, diet and their interactions have been associated with CMD. In observational studies, diet is measured by self-reported instruments, that need to be validated before use. Gut bacteria vary over time within an individual, making it challenging to study their relationship with health outcomes. Moreover, different dietary patterns may be associated differently with gut microbiota, but few studies exist. The overall aim of this thesis work was to investigate the role of diet, gut microbiota and their interplay in cardiometabolic health. The MAX sub-cohort from the Diet, Cancer and Health – Next generations (DCH-NG) cohort was established to: validate the DCH-NG food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), validate a dietary quality score (DQS) and associate it with CMD risk factors, investigate gut microbiota temporal variability and associate these with dietary patterns and investigate the direct and indirect effects of a healthy Nordic and Mediterranean diet on CMD risk factors, mediated by gut microbiota. The FFQ provided satisfactory ranking of individuals according to energy and nutrient intakes. The DQS was useful to rank individuals into groups of having unhealthy, average and healthy dietary habits. Healthy dietary habits were associated with lower levels of several CMD risk factors. Among bacterial genera, 39% had moderate to good reproducibility (ICC>0.5). Gut microbial subgroups (Bacteroides, Prevotella 9 and Ruminococcaceae) were identified and adherence to plant-based dietary patterns differed between subgroups. Healthy Nordic and Mediterranean diets were associated with lower levels of adiposity, but no indirect effect mediated by gut microbiota (Prevotella-to-Bacteroides ratio) was found. However, healthy Nordic and Mediterranean diets were associated with lower levels of lipidemia and hs-CRP, mediated by adiposity. In conclusion, the DCH-NG FFQ can be used to rank individuals according to dietary intake in epidemiological studies and the DQS is a good indicator of overall diet quality. Different dietary patterns associated differently with gut microbial subgroups and specific genera. There was an effect of diet on CMD risk factors, though this effect was not mediated by the gut microbiota.
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| 4. |
- Rostgaard-Hansen, Agnetha, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Relative Validity and Reproducibility of a Web-Based Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire in the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health—Next Generations MAX Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - 2072-6643 .- 2072-6643. ; 15:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is designed to capture an individual’s habitual dietary intake and is the most applied method in nutritional epidemiology. Our aim was to assess the relative validity and reproducibility of the FFQ used in the Diet, Cancer, and Health—Next Generations cohort (DCH-NG). We included 415 Danish women and men aged 18–67 years. Spearman’s correlations coefficients, Bland–Altman limits of agreement and cross-classification between dietary intakes estimated from the FFQ administered at baseline (FFQbaseline), and the mean of three 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDRs) and the FFQ administered after 12 months (FFQ12 months) were determined. Nutrient intakes were energy-adjusted by Nutrient Density and Residual methods. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.18–0.58 for energy and energy-adjusted nutrient intakes, and the percentage of participants classified into the same quartile ranged from 28–47% between the FFQbaseline and the 24-HDRs. For the FFQ12 months compared with FFQbaseline, correlation coefficients ranged from 0.52–0.88 for intakes of energy, energy-adjusted nutrients, and food groups, and the proportion of participants classified into the same quartiles ranged from 43–69%. Overall, the FFQ provided a satisfactory ranking of individuals according to energy, nutrient, and food group intakes, making the FFQ suitable for use in epidemiological studies investigating diet in relation to disease outcomes.
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