| 1. |
- Bosaeus, Ingvar, et al.
(författare)
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Nutrition and physical activity for the prevention and treatment of age-related sarcopenia
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. - 0029-6651 .- 1475-2719. ; 75:2, s. 174-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sarcopenia, defined as loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is associated with adverse outcomes such as physical disability, impaired quality of life and increased mortality. Several mechanisms are involved in the development of sarcopenia. Potentially modifiable factors include nutrition and physical activity. Protein metabolism is central to the nutritional issues, along with other potentially modifying nutritional factors as energy balance and vitamin D status. An increasing but still incomplete knowledge base has generated recent recommendations on an increased protein intake in the elderly. Several factors beyond the total amount of protein consumed emerge as potentially important in this context. A recent summit examined three hypotheses: (1) A meal threshold; habitually consuming 25-30 g protein at breakfast, lunch and dinner provides sufficient protein to effectively stimulate muscle protein anabolism; (2) Protein quality; including high-quality protein at each meal improves postprandial muscle protein synthesis; and (3) performing physical activity in close temporal proximity to a high-quality protein meal enhances muscle anabolism. Optimising the potential for muscle protein anabolism by consuming an adequate amount of high-quality protein at each meal, in combination with physical activity, appears as a promising strategy to prevent or delay the onset of sarcopenia. However, results of interventions are inconsistent, and well-designed, standardised studies evaluating exercise or nutrition interventions are needed before guidelines can be developed for the prevention and treatment of age-related sarcopenia.
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| 2. |
- Nordén, J., et al.
(författare)
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Nutrition impact symptoms and body composition in patients with COPD
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 69:2, s. 256-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Objectives:Anorexia or lack of appetite is common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may be caused or augmented by several symptoms affecting appetite and eating. We aimed to investigate and quantify the extent of nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) in patients with COPD and to explore relationships between NIS and fat-free mass depletion.Subjects/Methods:The results in this cross-sectional study are based on 169 COPD patients (62% female subjects). Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy and the patients reported NIS by two newly developed questionnaires: the Eating Symptoms Questionnaire (ESQ) and the Disease-Related Appetite Questionnaire (DRAQ).Results:Symptoms with the highest prevalence were dry mouth (71%), stomach ache (39%), pain or aches affecting appetite (36%) and constipation (35%). Problems with diarrhoea and feeling affected by smells were more severe among women compared with men (P<0.05). Thirty-six percent of the patients were depleted (fat-free mass index (FFMI) <15 kg/m(2) for women and FFMI<16 kg/m(2) for men). Depleted patients had more NIS (P<0.05) and also rated appetite and taste of food as worse compared with non-depleted patients (P<0.05).Conclusions:NIS are common in patients with COPD, and depleted patients have more severe symptoms. To investigate how these symptoms are best prevented and/or managed and whether NIS prevention/treatment can affect development of malnutrition in patients with COPD is a challenge for the future.
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| 3. |
- Samuelsson, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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A Western-style dietary pattern is associated with cerebrospinal fluid biomarker levels for preclinical Alzheimer's disease -A population-based cross-sectional study among 70-year-olds
- 2021
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.). - 2352-8737. ; 7:1, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Diet may be a modifiable factor for reducing the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Western-style dietary patterns are considered to increase the risk, whereas Mediterranean-style dietary patterns are considered to reduce the risk. An association between diet and AD-related biomarkers have been suggested, but studies are limited.Aim: To investigate potential relations between dietary patterns and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for AD among dementia-free older adults.Methods: Data were derived from the population-based Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies, Sweden. A total of 269 dementia-free 70-year-olds with dietary and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta (Aβ42 and Aβ40), total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) data were investigated. Dietary intake was determined by the diet history method, and four dietary patterns were derived by principal component analysis. A Western dietary pattern, a Mediterranean/prudent dietary pattern, a high-protein and alcohol pattern, and a high-total and saturated fat pattern. Logistic regression models, with CSF biomarker pathology (yes/no) as dependent variables, and linear regression models with continuous CSF biomarker levels as dependent variables were performed. The analyses were adjusted for sex, energy intake, body mass index (BMI), educational level, and physical activity level.Results: The odds ratio for having total tau pathology (odds ratio [OR] 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02 to 2.01) and preclinical AD (Aβ42 and tau pathology; OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.03 to 3.10) was higher among those with a higher adherence to a Western dietary pattern. There were no other associations between the dietary patterns and CSF biomarkers that remained significant in both unadjusted and adjusted models.Discussion: Our findings suggest that higher adherence to a Western dietary pattern may be associated with pathological levels of AD biomarkers in the preclinical phase of AD. These findings can be added to the increasing amount of evidence linking diet with AD and may be useful for future intervention studies investigating dietary intake in relation to AD.
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| 4. |
- Cederholm, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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ESPEN guidelines on definitions and terminology of clinical nutrition
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 36:1, s. 49-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundA lack of agreement on definitions and terminology used for nutrition-related concepts and procedures limits the development of clinical nutrition practice and research.ObjectiveThis initiative aimed to reach a consensus for terminology for core nutritional concepts and procedures.MethodsThe European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) appointed a consensus group of clinical scientists to perform a modified Delphi process that encompassed e-mail communication, face-to-face meetings, in-group ballots and an electronic ESPEN membership Delphi round.ResultsFive key areas related to clinical nutrition were identified: concepts; procedures; organisation; delivery; and products. One core concept of clinical nutrition is malnutrition/undernutrition, which includes disease-related malnutrition (DRM) with (eq. cachexia) and without inflammation, and malnutrition/undernutrition without disease, e.g. hunger-related malnutrition. Over-nutrition (overweight and obesity) is another core concept. Sarcopenia and frailty were agreed to be separate conditions often associated with malnutrition. Examples of nutritional procedures identified include screening for subjects at nutritional risk followed by a complete nutritional assessment. Hospital and care facility catering are the basic organizational forms for providing nutrition. Oral nutritional supplementation is the preferred way of nutrition therapy but if inadequate then other forms of medical nutrition therapy, i.e. enteral tube feeding and parenteral (intravenous) nutrition, becomes the major way of nutrient delivery.ConclusionAn agreement of basic nutritional terminology to be used in clinical practice, research, and the ESPEN guideline developments has been established. This terminology consensus may help to support future global consensus efforts and updates of classification systems such as the International Classification of Disease (ICD). The continuous growth of knowledge in all areas addressed in this statement will provide the foundation for future revisions.
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| 5. |
- Akner, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Multisjuka och bräckliga äldre
- 2015
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Ingår i: Mat och hälsa. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144083575 ; , s. 105-108-
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Andersson, J., et al.
(författare)
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Effect on body weight, quality of life and appetite following individualized, nutritional counselling to home-living elderly after rehabilitation : an open randomized trial
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging. - 1279-7707 .- 1760-4788. ; 21:7, s. 811-818
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: We examined if individually-adapted nutritional counselling could prevent > 5% weight loss among elderly patients 3 months after discharge from a rehabilitation institution. In addition we assessed quality of life (QoL) and appetite. Design: An open, randomized trial. Setting: Godthaab Health and Rehabilitation Institution in Bærum, Norway. Participants: Patients identified as being undernourished or at risk of disease-related malnutrition using the Nutritional Risk Screening tool NRS-2002. Intervention: Shortly before discharge, patients in the intervention group received an individually-tailored nutrition plan. During the subsequent 3 months these patients were contacted 3 times via telephone calls and they received one visit at their homes, for nutrition counselling. Focus on this counselling was on optimizing meal environment, improving appetite, increasing food intake, advice on food preparation, and motivation and support. Measurements: In addition to weight, QoL and appetite were assessed using the EQ-5D questionnaire and a modified version of the Disease-Related Appetite Questionnaire, respectively. Results: Among 115 considered eligible for the study, 100 were enrolled (72 women and 28 men), with a mean age of 75 years and a mean body mass index of 20 kg/m2. Two in the intervention group (n = 52) and 5 in the control group (n = 48) lost > 5% of their body weight, giving an odds ratio of 0.34 (95% CI: 0.064 – 1.86; p = 0.22). We did not detect any significant differences in the QoL- or appetite scores between the two study groups after three months. Conclusion: An individually-adapted nutritional counselling did not improve body mass among elderly patients 3 months after discharge from a rehabilitation institution. Neither quality of life nor appetite measures were improved. Possibly, nutritional counselling should be accompanied with nutritional supplementation to be effective in this vulnerable group of elderly. The trial is registered in Clinical Trials (ID: NCT01632072).
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Biörklund Helgesson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Verksamhetsberättelse Mat- och Måltidsvetenskap 2018
- 2019
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Året inleddes med en ny organisation för Högskolan Kristianstad och bildandetav fyra nya fakulteter. Avdelningen för Mat- och måltidsvetenskapingår numera i Fakulteten för Naturvetenskap tillsammans med avdelningenför Datavetenskap och avdelningen för Miljö och biologi. Det varinte bara för HKR som det gångna året innebar organisatoriska förändringarutan även för vår avdelning.Bitte Müller Hansen gick i pension efter nästan tio år som programansvarigför Gastronomiprogrammet och avdelningschef. Bitte har betytt oerhörtmycket för utveckling av programmet och har lagt ner stort engagemangi såväl utbildningen, som i sina kontakter med studenter och medarbetsmarknaden.
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| 9. |
- Biörklund Helgesson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Verksamhetsberättelse Mat- och Måltidsvetenskap 2019
- 2020
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Under året som gått har mycket hänt och vi utvecklas vidare! Denna upplaga av Mat- och måltidsvetenskaps verksamhetsberättelse sammanfattar händelser och utveckling av ämnesområdet vid Högskolan Kristianstad under 2019. Ett år där alla medarbetare på avdelningen bidragit till att arbeta för visionen att vi ska ha en ledande position för framtidens mat och måltider genom attraktiva utbildningar, framgångsrik forskning och aktiv samverkan.
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| 10. |
- Blankenau, I., et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of body height estimated by different proxy measures in Swedish older adults
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Approximately 40 per cent of older adults living at home are at risk of malnutrition. To detect this condition, body mass index is often used as a tool. The standard way of measuring body height is in a standing position. Height decreases with age and further, many older adults are not physically capable to undergo standing height measures. As height is one of the components in BMI it can be affected by body height decrease which in turn will affect the estimated prevalence of malnutrition risk. There are many different ways to estimate height by proxy measures. The aim of this study was to investigate whether proxy measurements could prove to be useful when estimating height in Swedish community-dwelling older adults. Home visits were made to 51 men and 51 women, who had participated in the randomized, single-blinded health-promoting intervention study, Elderly in the Risk Zone, living in the urban district Örgryte-Härlanda in Gothenburg, Sweden. Body weight, standing height, recumbent height, knee-height and demi-span was measured. An interview was also conducted, retrieving information regarding e.g. height around 20 years of age. T-test and Wilcoxon rank tests were performed and to further examine the results regression analyses and Bland & Altman-plots were conducted. The result showed that between 20 years of age to present age the men had decreased, in body height, on average 3,8 cm and the women 4,9 cm. In both the regression analysis and in the Bland & Altman plots, recumbent height and youth height seem to best conform to standing measured height. In the men, a negative correlation was found between the difference standing and knee-height measure of body height compared to mean values of the two measures in the Bland & Altman plots, though it was the only measurement that did not show any group mean statistical significant difference from standing height by t-test. No negative or positive correlation was seen in the women by the Bland & Altman plots. Demi-span gave an underestimation of body height in both genders. The present results show that body height seems to decrease with age and that besides standing, the best proxy measure is recumbent height otherwise that right knee-height could be used. Different height measurements could affect the BMI classification. Though we need to learn more about what affects the height decrease with age and what proxy measures are reliable. It would be desirable that a larger study would be conducted.
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