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1.	Schriever, Karen, et al. (author) Engineering of ancestor as a tool to elucidate structure, mechanism and specificity of extant terpene cyclase Other publication (other academic/artistic)
2.	Schriever, Karen, et al. (author) Engineering of Ancestors as a Tool to Elucidate Structure, Mechanism, and Specificity of Extant Terpene Cyclase 2021 In: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 143:10, s. 3794-3807 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Structural information is crucial for understanding catalytic mechanisms and to guide enzyme engineering efforts of biocatalysts, such as terpene cyclases. However, low sequence similarity can impede homology modeling, and inherent protein instability presents challenges for structural studies. We hypothesized that X-ray crystallography of engineered thermostable ancestral enzymes can enable access to reliable homology models of extant biocatalysts. We have applied this concept in concert with molecular modeling and enzymatic assays to understand the structure activity relationship of spiroviolene synthase, a class I terpene cyclase, aiming to engineer its specificity. Engineering a surface patch in the reconstructed ancestor afforded a template structure for generation of a high-confidence homology model of the extant enzyme. On the basis of structural considerations, we designed and crystallized ancestral variants with single residue exchanges that exhibited tailored substrate specificity and preserved thermostability. We show how the two single amino acid alterations identified in the ancestral scaffold can be transferred to the extant enzyme, conferring a specificity switch that impacts the extant enzyme's specificity for formation of the diterpene spiroviolene over formation of sesquiterpenes hedycaryol and farnesol by up to 25-fold. This study emphasizes the value of ancestral sequence reconstruction combined with enzyme engineering as a versatile tool in chemical biology.

Schriever, Karen, et al. (author)
Engineering of Ancestors as a Tool to Elucidate Structure, Mechanism, and Specificity of Extant Terpene Cyclase
2021
In: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 143:10, s. 3794-3807
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Structural information is crucial for understanding catalytic mechanisms and to guide enzyme engineering efforts of biocatalysts, such as terpene cyclases. However, low sequence similarity can impede homology modeling, and inherent protein instability presents challenges for structural studies. We hypothesized that X-ray crystallography of engineered thermostable ancestral enzymes can enable access to reliable homology models of extant biocatalysts. We have applied this concept in concert with molecular modeling and enzymatic assays to understand the structure activity relationship of spiroviolene synthase, a class I terpene cyclase, aiming to engineer its specificity. Engineering a surface patch in the reconstructed ancestor afforded a template structure for generation of a high-confidence homology model of the extant enzyme. On the basis of structural considerations, we designed and crystallized ancestral variants with single residue exchanges that exhibited tailored substrate specificity and preserved thermostability. We show how the two single amino acid alterations identified in the ancestral scaffold can be transferred to the extant enzyme, conferring a specificity switch that impacts the extant enzyme's specificity for formation of the diterpene spiroviolene over formation of sesquiterpenes hedycaryol and farnesol by up to 25-fold. This study emphasizes the value of ancestral sequence reconstruction combined with enzyme engineering as a versatile tool in chemical biology.

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