| 1. |
- Apostolopoulou Kalkavoura, Varvara, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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In Situ Functionalisation and Upcycling of Post-Consumer Textile Blends into 3D Printable Nanocomposite Filaments
- 2024
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Ingår i: Advanced Sustainable Systems. - 2366-7486 .- 2366-7486.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The linear lifecycle of the textile industry contributes to the enormous waste generation of post-consumer garments. Recycling or repurposing of post-consumer garments typically requires separation of the individual components. This study describes a novel and facile chemo-thermo-mechanical method for producing extrudable pellets, involving one-pot, 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation of post-consumer polycotton textiles, followed by mild mechanical treatment, all without isolating the constituents of the polycotton blend. The oxidized blend with high cellulose and carboxylate content of 1221 ± 82 mmol COO− per kg of cotton, is pelletised into a masterbatch and further in situ extruded into nanocomposite filaments for 3D printing. The carboxyl groups introduced on the polycotton-based filters enable cotton fibrillation into nanoscaled fibers during mechanical treatment and extrusion resulting to a variety of functional and high surface-finish quality models, including filters and fashion accessories. The electrostatic interactions with positively charged species, such as methylene blue (MB), facilitate their adsorption from water while exhibiting promising adsorption capacities. The adsorption of MB follows the Freundlich model and depends on the printed porosity of the filter. A “trash to treasure” concept for textile waste is further corroborated through the use of the developed 3D printing filament into commodity products.
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| 2. |
- Fijoł, Natalia, 1994-, et al.
(författare)
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3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) filters reinforced with polysaccharide nanofibers for metal ions capture and microplastics separation from water
- 2023
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 457
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The need for multifunctional, robust, reusable, and high-flux filters is a constant challenge for sustainable water treatment. In this work, fully biobased and biodegradable water purification filters were developed and processed by the means of three-dimensional (3D) printing, more specifically by fused deposition modelling (FDM).The polylactic acid (PLA) – based composites reinforced with homogenously dispersed TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TCNF) or chitin nanofibers (ChNF) were prepared within a four-step process; i. melt blending, ii. thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) pelletization method, iii. freeze drying and iv. single-screw extrusion to 3D printing filaments. The monolithic, biocomposite filters were 3D printed in cylindrical as well as hourglass geometries with varying, multiscale pore architectures. The filters were designed to control the contact time between filter’s active surfaces and contaminants, tailoring their permeance.All printed filters exhibited high print quality and high water throughput as well as enhanced mechanical properties, compared to pristine PLA filters. The improved toughness values of the biocomposite filters clearly indicate the reinforcing effect of the homogenously dispersed nanofibers (NFs). The homogenous dispersion is attributed to the TIPS method. The NFs effect is also reflected in the adsorption capacity of the filters towards copper ions, which was shown to be as high as 234 and 208 mg/gNF for TCNF and ChNF reinforced filters, respectively, compared to just 4 mg/g for the pure PLA filters. Moreover, the biocomposite-based filters showed higher potential for removal of microplastics from laundry effluent water when compared to pure PLA filters with maximum separation efficiency of 54 % and 35 % for TCNF/PLA and ChNF/PLA filters, respectively compared to 26 % for pure PLA filters, all that while maintaining their high permeance.The combination of environmentally friendly materials with a cost and time-effective technology such as FDM allows the development of customized water filtration systems, which can be easily adapted in the areas most affected by the inaccessibility of clean water.
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| 3. |
- Ruiz-Caldas, Maria-Ximena, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Anionic and Cationic Fibers and Nanofibrils Derived from Post-Consumer Cotton Textiles
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The extraction of high-performance nanomaterials from waste offers an opportunity for valorization. Here, we present two methods for extracting cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) from discarded cotton textiles. Post-consumer cotton cloths are chemically treated via two routes to facilitate fibrillation: cationization through etherification with (2,3-epoxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride or TEMPO/NaBr-catalyzed oxidation of the C6 hydroxy group to obtain carboxylic groups. These functionalized cotton pulps are then fibrillated, producing Cat-CNFs and TO-CNFs respectively.The physical and chemical properties of the extracted CNFs are evaluated and show that the functionalization route results in significant differences in their morphology and thermal stability. Both CNF types exhibit high surface charge (>0.9 mmol g−1), small cross-section (<10 nm), and high aspect ratio (>35). TO-CNFs have a higher surface charge density than Cat-CNFs, while Cat-CNFs exhibit a higher aspect ratio and colloidal stability in a broader pH range. Nanopapers and foams fabricated from these CNFs demonstrate high optical transmittance and haze, and mechanical properties comparable to those from wood-based CNFs. This work highlights the potential of post-consumer cotton textiles as a CNF source and emphasizes the influence of chemical treatment on the final properties of the fibers, CNFs, and resulting foams and nanopapers.
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| 4. |
- Ruiz-Caldas, Maria-Ximena, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Anisotropic foams derived from textile-based cellulose nanocrystals and xanthan gum
- 2024
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Polymers. - 0144-8617 .- 1879-1344. ; 338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The upcycling of discarded garments can help to mitigate the environmental impact of the textile industry. Here, we fabricated hybrid anisotropic foams having cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), which were isolated from discarded cotton textiles and had varied surface chemistries as structural components, in combination with xanthan gum (XG) as a physical crosslinker of the dispersion used for foam preparation. All CNCs had crystallinity indices above 85 %, zeta potential values below -40 mV at 1 mM NaCl, and true densities ranging from 1.61 to 1.67 g center dot cm(-3). Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) measurements indicated weak interactions between CNC and XG, while rheology measurements showed that highly charged CNCs caused the XG chains to change from an extended to a helicoidal conformation, resulting in changes the in viscoelastic properties of the dispersions. The inclusion of XG significantly enhanced the compression mechanical properties of the freeze-casted foams without compromising their thermal properties, anisotropy, or degree of alignment. CNC-XG foams maintained structural integrity even after exposure to high humidity (91 %) and temperatures (100 degrees C) and displayed very low radial thermal conductivities. This research provides a viable avenue for upcycling cotton-based clothing waste into high-performance materials.
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| 5. |
- Ruiz-Caldas, Maria-Ximena, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Citrated cellulose nanocrystals from post-consumer cotton textiles
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 11:13, s. 6854-6868
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a new method for the extraction of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from post-consumer cotton textiles through surface functionalization followed by mechanical treatment. Cotton-based textiles were esterified using an 85 wt% solution of citric acid at 100 °C, then further fibrillated in a microfluidizer. The final product, citrated cellulose nanocrystals (CitCNCs), was a dispersion of needle-like nanoparticles with high crystallinity. Up to 78 wt% of the cotton fabric was converted to CitCNCs that exhibited higher yields and a higher surface group content than CNCs extracted through H2SO4 hydrolysis, although CitCNCs showed a broader size distribution and decreased thermal stability. Experimental data supported by DFT calculations showed that the carboxyl groups on the CitCNC surface are bonded to cellulose by mono or diester linkages. An early-stage life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to evaluate the environmental impact of using discarded textiles as a source of cellulose and analyze the environmental performance of the production of CitCNCs. Our work showed a significant reduction in the environmental burden of CNC extraction using post-consumer cotton instead of wood pulp, making clothing a good feedstock. The environmental impact of CitCNC production was mainly dominated by citric acid. As a proof of concept, around 58 wt% of the citric acid was recovered through evaporation and subsequent crystallization, which could reduce climate impact by 40%. With this work, we introduce a catalyst-free route to valorize textiles with the extraction of CitCNCs and how conducting LCA in laboratory-scale processes might guide future development and optimization.
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| 6. |
- Ruiz-Caldas, Maria-Ximena, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Unlocking the potential of post-consumer garments as a source of nanocellulose
- 2024
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Ingår i: Cell Reports Physical Science. - 2666-3864. ; 5:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Discarded garments contribute to an environmental crisis worldwide, prompting the development of new strategies for recycling and upcycling. In this work, we present the extraction of nanocellulose from textiles as an underexplored route for upcycling textile garments made of cotton. We summarize the current state of textile waste management worldwide, discuss strategies for extracting nanocellulose from cotton -based textiles, and outline the associated challenges and outlooks in this field. We further aim to highlight the opportunities and advantages of using cotton as a nanocellulose source and stimulate further research in this area.
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