| 1. |
- Lederman, J. S., et al.
(författare)
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International collaborative follow-up investigation of graduating high school students' understandings of the nature of scientific inquiry : is progress Being made?
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Science Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0950-0693 .- 1464-5289. ; 43:7, s. 991-1016
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understandings of the nature of scientific inquiry (NOSI), as opposed to engaging students in inquiry learning experiences, are included in science education reform documents around the world. However, little is known about what students have learned about NOSI during their pre-college school years. The purpose of this large-scale follow-up international project (i.e. 32 countries and regions, spanning six continents and including 3917 students for the high school sample) was to collect data on what exiting high school students have learned about NOSI. Additionally, the study investigated changes in 12th grade students' NOSI understandings compared to seventh grade (i.e. 20 countries and regions) students' understandings from a prior investigation [Lederman et al. (2019). An international collaborative investigation of beginning seventh grade students' understandings of scientific inquiry: Establishing a baseline. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 56(4), 486-515. ]. This study documents and discusses graduating high school students' understandings and compares their understandings to seventh grade students' understandings of the same aspects of scientific inquiry for each country. It is important to note that collecting data from each of the 130+ countries globally was not feasible. Similarly, it was not possible to collect data from every region of each country. A concerted effort was made, however, to provide a relatively representative picture of each country and the world.
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| 2. |
- Cassetta, L, et al.
(författare)
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Differential expansion of circulating human MDSC subsets in patients with cancer, infection and inflammation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal for immunotherapy of cancer. - : BMJ. - 2051-1426. ; 8:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a functional myeloid cell subset that includes myeloid cells with immune suppressive properties. The presence of MDSC has been reported in the peripheral blood of patients with several malignant and non-malignant diseases. So far, direct comparison of MDSC across different diseases and Centers is hindered by technical pitfalls and a lack of standardized methodology. To overcome this issue, we formed a network through the COST Action Mye-EUNITER (www.mye-euniter.eu) with the goal to standardize and facilitate the comparative analysis of human circulating MDSC in cancer, inflammation and infection. In this manuscript, we present the results of the multicenter study Mye-EUNITER MDSC Monitoring Initiative, that involved 13 laboratories and compared circulating MDSC subsets across multiple diseases, using a common protocol for the isolation, identification and characterization of these cells.MethodsWe developed, tested, executed and optimized a standard operating procedure for the isolation and immunophenotyping of MDSC using blood from healthy donors. We applied this procedure to the blood of almost 400 patients and controls with different solid tumors and non-malignant diseases. The latter included viral infections such as HIV and hepatitis B virus, but also psoriasis and cardiovascular disorders.ResultsWe observed that the frequency of MDSC in healthy donors varied substantially between centers and was influenced by technical aspects such as the anticoagulant and separation method used. Expansion of polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSC exceeded the expansion of monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) in five out of six solid tumors. PMN-MDSC expansion was more pronounced in cancer compared with infection and inflammation. Programmed death-ligand 1 was primarily expressed in M-MDSC and e-MDSC and was not upregulated as a consequence of disease. LOX-1 expression was confined to PMN-MDSC.ConclusionsThis study provides improved technical protocols and workflows for the multi-center analysis of circulating human MDSC subsets. Application of these workflows revealed a predominant expansion of PMN-MDSC in solid tumors that exceeds expansion in chronic infection and inflammation.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ingemarsson, AH, et al.
(författare)
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Balance function and fall-related efficacy in patients with newly operated hip fracture
- 2000
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Ingår i: Clinical rehabilitation. - : SAGE Publications. - 0269-2155 .- 1477-0873. ; 14:5, s. 497-505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the relation between fall-related efficacy in daily-life activities and functional as well as instrumental tests of balance in patients with hip fracture. Design: Analysis of different aspects of balance using the Falls Efficacy Scale, Swedish version FES(S), questions on fear of falling, Functional Reach (FR) and tests on a balance platform (Chattanooga). Subjects: Fifty-five elderly inpatients (mean age 82.3) with newly operated hip fracture who were assessed during the last week in hospital before discharge. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between the subjective ability measured with the FES(S) and the objectively measured balance in the Functional Reach test and also between fall-related efficacy measured with FES(S) and fear of falling. Very few significant correlations were found between the results from balance tests on the force platform and those obtained with FES(S) and FR. Conclusions: Both the Falls Efficacy Scale, Swedish version, and the Functional Reach have been shown to be useful in analysing balance function in elderly patients newly operated on for hip fracture. The Falls Efficacy Scale also indicates which of the daily activities the patient perceives as troublesome and thus require further training.
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| 5. |
- Nascimento, V. B., et al.
(författare)
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Surface-Stabilized Nonferromagnetic Ordering of a Layered Ferromagnetic Manganite
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 103:22, s. 227201-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An outstanding question regarding the probing or possible device applications of correlated electronic materials (CEMs) with layered structure is the extent to which their bulk and surface properties differ or not. The broken translational symmetry at the surface can lead to distinct functionality due to the charge, lattice, orbital, and spin coupling. Here we report on the case of bilayered manganites with hole doping levels corresponding to bulk ferromagnetic order. We find that, although the hole doping level is measured to be the same as in the bulk, the surface layer is not ferromagnetic. Further, our low-energy electron diffraction and x-ray measurements show that there is a c-axis collapse in the outermost layer. Bulk theoretical calculations reveal that, even at fixed doping level, the relaxation of the Jahn-Teller distortion at the surface is consistent with the stabilization of an A-type antiferromagnetic state.
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| 6. |
- Sirtl, T., et al.
(författare)
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Adsorption structure determination of a large polyaromatic trithiolate on Cu(111) : Combination of LEED-I(V) and DFT-vdW
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 15:26, s. 11054-11060
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adsorption geometry of 1,3,5-tris(4-mercaptophenyl)benzene (TMB) on Cu(111) is determined with high precision using two independent methods, experimentally by quantitative low energy electron diffraction (LEED-I(V)) and theoretically by dispersion corrected density functional theory (DFT-vdW). Structural refinement using both methods consistently results in similar adsorption sites and geometries. Thereby a level of confidence is reached that allows deduction of subtle structural details such as molecular deformations or relaxations of copper substrate atoms.
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| 7. |
- Visser, E.K., et al.
(författare)
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Does Horse Temperament Influence Horse-Rider Cooperation?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1088-8705 .- 1532-7604. ; 11:3, s. 267-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cooperation between rider and horse is of major importance in equitation. A balanced team of horse and rider improves (sport) performances and welfare aspects by decreasing stress, frustration, risks of injuries, and accidents. Important features affecting the cooperation are the physical skills, knowledge, and personality of the rider on one hand and the temperament, experience, and physical abilities of the horse on the other. A study with 16 riders and 16 warm-blood riding horses tested the effect of personality of riders and temperament of horses on cooperation between riders and horses. More emotionally reactive horses showed more evasive behavior during riding. Riders preferred to ride those horses who were assessed by the riders as being attentive to the rider's aid. The frequency of evasive behaviors during riding - as assessed by riders, in contrast to the assessments made by an external judge - influenced the cooperation between rider and horse. On average, a rider's personality did not affect the cooperation between rider and horse; however, it is suggested that a rider's personality does affect the cooperation with more emotionally reactive horses.
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| 8. |
- Bengtsson, G., et al.
(författare)
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Food- and density-dependent dispersal : Evidence from a soil collembolan
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Animal Ecology. - : JSTOR. - 0021-8790. ; 63:3, s. 513-520
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. Dispersal in a fungivore species of Collembola, Onychiurus armatus, in a homo- geneous soil was theoretically approached as a deterministic compartmental process, in which the movement of animals between discrete patches could be described by a series of differential equations or by the discrete geometric probability distribution, assuming a constant probability to move from one patch to the next. 2. Experiments were designed for a release of collembolans in two types of soil in a physical arrangement of distinct patches represented by vials connected by tubings to cover a distance of 40 cm. Dispersal distances of individuals were determined, and theoretical and observed distributions compared. 3. Dispersal rates, estimated from transfer rate constants, ranged from 0 020 to 1 42 day-1, suggesting that an average 0. armatus moved less than 10 cm day -1. The probability to leave a patch varied between 0 10 and 0 50. 4. Dispersal was dependent on population density, soil type and length of fungal mycelium; it was almost twice as high at a high than at a low density (90 000 and 30000 individuals m-2) in a mor soil and four times as high in a sandy compared with a mor soil. Dispersal rate decreased as the mycelial length increased, especially in a sandy soil. 5. Collembolans in a feeding phase had a higher tendency to disperse than those that were moulting. 6. Enriching the soil patch at 40 cm distance from the release point with a favoured food item, the fungal species Mortierella isabellina, increased dispersal rate by more than four times in a mor soil, suggesting that fungal odour can attract collembolans from a large distance and enhance their rate of movement more than a three-fold increase of their population density does.
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| 9. |
- Gaillard, Marie-José, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Holocene land-cover reconstructions for studies on land cover-climate feedbacks
- 2010
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Ingår i: Climate of the Past. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1814-9324 .- 1814-9332. ; 6, s. 483-499
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The major objectives of this paper are: (1) to review the pros and cons of the scenarios of past anthropogenic land cover change (ALCC) developed during the last ten years, (2) to discuss issues related to pollen-based reconstruction of the past land-cover and introduce a new method, REVEALS (Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites), to infer long-term records of past land-cover from pollen data, (3) to present a new project (LANDCLIM: LAND cover – CLIMate interactions in NW Europe during the Holocene) currently underway, and show preliminary results of REVEALS reconstructions of the regional land-cover in the Czech Republic for five selected time windows of the Holocene, and (4) to discuss the implications and future directions in climate and vegetation/land-cover modeling, and in the assessment of the effects of human-induced changes in land-cover on the regional climate through altered feedbacks. The existing ALCC scenarios show large discrepancies between them, and few cover time periods older than AD 800. When these scenarios are used to assess the impact of human land-use on climate, contrasting results are obtained. It emphasizes the need for methods such as the REVEALS model-based land-cover reconstructions. They might help to fine-tune descriptions of past land-cover and lead to a better understanding of how long-term changes in ALCC might have influenced climate. The REVEALS model is demonstrated to provide better estimates of the regional vegetation/landcover changes than the traditional use of pollen percentages. This will achieve a robust assessment of land cover at regional- to continental-spatial scale throughout the Holocene. We present maps of REVEALS estimates for the percentage cover of 10 plant functional types (PFTs) at 200 BP and 6000 BP, and of the two open-land PFTs “grassland” and “agricultural land” at five time-windows from 6000 BP to recent time. The LANDCLIM results are expected to provide crucial data to reassess ALCC estimates for a better understanding of the land suface-atmosphere interactions.
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| 10. |
- Hammar, M., et al.
(författare)
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Surface atomic structure of reconstructed VC0.8(111) studied with scanning tunneling microscopy
- 1992
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 0163-1829. ; 45:11, s. 6118-6123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scanning tunneling microscopy has been performed on the reconstructed polar surface of substoichiometric VC0.80(111). A mixture of (8×1) and (3 × 3) R30°reconstructed areas was found. The (8×1) periodicity could be determined to be the result of a square-lattice surface layer superimposed on the hexagonal substrate. As this square lattice must have its origin in strong and directed in-plane bonds with the relatively large length of about 2.9, it can be deduced to consist of vanadium atoms. Lateral positions of these vanadium surface atoms with respect to the substrate are suggested from the measured surface corrugation. The (3 × 3) R30°structure was found in small triangular areas which can, due to the measured step heights between the two reconstructions, be believed to be carbon terminated. The occurrence of a reconstructed surface with a reduced atomic concentration is in contrast to what is known for TiC(111) and NbC(111), both having stable (1×1) surfaces. A qualitative explanation for this difference is suggested. © 1992 The American Physical Society.
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