| 1. |
- Iversen, Hilde, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes, risk behaviour and accident involvement among Norwegian drivers
- 2001
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the conference Traffic Safety on Three Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 529-540
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Increasingly, professionals on safety and risk issues are becoming aware that there are occasions when people's attitudes and behaviour towards risk and hazard have to be changed. This paper attempts to identify determinants of risk behaviour and accident involvement in traffic, with the aim of developing effective accident countermeasures. Several studies have related risk behaviour to traffic safety issues like collision risk and accident rates, but the relationship between accidents and preceding behaviour is still largely unclear. Attitude change is often hypothesized as a way of changing road user behaviour. However, correspondence between measured dispositions and overt actions is not a simple matter, and more research is needed addressing this issue in road safety research. Examination of associations between attitudes, risk behaviour and involvement in near misses and accidents can help develop more adjusted and effective traffic safety interventions by early identification of those more likely to be involved in accidents. A major challenge is to find measures that influence the groups of high-risk recipients more efficiently. This study is based on a self-completion questionnaire survey carried out among a representative sample of Norwegian drivers. The sample was representative of the Norwegian public and collected in year 2000 and 2001 (n=2614), with a 50% response rate. The questionnaire included measures of attitudes, risk behaviour, reactions from others and involvement in near accidents and accidents. Results showed that attitudes towards traffic safety issues were associated with involvement in risk behaviour in traffic, especially attitudes towards rule violations and speeding. In addition, risk behaviour had a direct effect on the reactions drivers receive from others in traffic and both involvement in near misses andaccidents. Near misses and especially reactions from others influenced accident involvement directly.
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| 2. |
- Jørgensen, Stig H., et al.
(författare)
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Critical approaches to road injury trends, forecasts and scenarios : two urban cases in Norway
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban regions experience high population growth rates and possess distinct characteristics regarding mobility, mode of transport, road environments and road safety plans. Urban areas are prioritized in the Norwegian Transport Plan’s strategies for transport and by implementation of General Urban Environmental Agreements with casualty reduction targets. The study examines possibilities and limitations in developing and analysing urban trends, forecasts and scenarios for killed and seriously injured road users in Norway. The Oslo and Trondheim regions are case studies for the period 1998–2025. Police reports of killed and seriously injured casualties 1998–2012 in the regions (NOslo = 1801, NTrondheim = 790) formed the basis of the analyses. The mean injury rate for Oslo region was 10.8 per 100,000 pop. per year for the period 2008–2012, whereas the corresponding figure for Trondheim was 15.7, the highest among all large urban areas. The road authorities’ accident targets towards 2025, initiated by the National Plan of Action for Road Safety are decomposed into regional units. On the basis of the two regions’ statistics relating to road casualties, the applied principle of equal proportional share indicates a 40% injury reduction towards 2025. Exponential models, ARIMA models, negative binomial regression, and scenario approaches were employed to estimate possible trends and changes in casualties in the studied urban regions. These models formed a framework to reveal critical assumptions, sensitivity, uncertainties, and realism in the road authorities’ strategies for casualty reduction targets and for trend extrapolations and predictions. The analyses consider sources of critical conditions to rate the magnitude of the following conditions: (1) the trend towards the prevailing road safety status (casualty numbers, casualty rate levels, and stability) problematized by small numbers and random variation; (2) the exposure effects of urban road network composition and urban–rural mix; (3) the exposure effect of population growth towards 2025, change in population, and risk-exposed road users; and (4) the exposure effect of shifts in mode of transport, with uncertainties regarding non-linear relationships between casualty numbers and exposure measures. Some effects of exogenous road safety measures of all types are considered, such as diminishing return and reduced sum effects of measures. One conclusion is that the various model approaches for the two urban regions demonstrate substantial uncertainties in trend forecasts. The models identify critical factors for fulfilling safety plans and reductions in the numbers of seriously injured casualties, even in the near future. The approaches indicate however that without strengthened safety strategies, the authorities’ 40% casualty reduction target most probably will not be achieved.
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| 3. |
- Rundmo, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes towards traffic safety, risk perception and behaviour among young Norwegian drivers and their passengers
- 2001
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the conference Traffic Safety on Three Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 541-551
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the last few years the frequency of fatal injuries caused by traffic accidents has increased in Norway and this is a threat to public health. Young drivers and their passengers are high-risk groups and accidents amongst adolescents reduce the years of living more than most other threats to human health. Therefore, the Norwegian Authorities of Public Roads prioritize to find measures aimed at reducing the number of health injuries caused by adolescent risk taking in traffic. The present paper shows some results from a study aimed at evaluating the effects of several measures implemented to promote adolescent safe driving behavior in two Norwegian counties. A total of about 4376 respondents have responded to a self-completion questionnaire, including adolescents in the two counties as well as respondents from other counties not taking part in the intervention program. The response rate was 93%. There was a significant change in self-report behavior, attitudes towards traffic safety and risk perception when the group of respondents replying to the questionnaire before exposed to the measures was compared to those who did so after. The number of accidents is also reduced to a greater extent in the two participating counties compared to other Norwegian counties. Multivariate analyses showed significant associations between risk perception, risk-taking attitudes and driving behavior. Model tests showed that assessments of the probability of traffic accidents and concern were insignificant predictors for self-report risk behavior. Worry and emotional reactions related to traffic hazards significantly predicted behavior. Sensation seeking, normlessness, and indifference with regard to traffic safety affected emotion-based risk perception.
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| 4. |
- Rundmo, Torbjørn, et al.
(författare)
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Judgement of urban transport security, risk perception, and travel mode use
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study aims to examine judgement of security in public transport. The role of priority of security, risk perception and risk sensitivity in use of public travel modes was focused. The results are based on a self-completion questionnaire survey conducted among residents above 18 years of age in urbanised areas in Norway (n = 1043). The respondents were randomly obtained from the Norwegian population registry. The results showed that priority of security as well as risk sensitivity was significant predictors of travel mode use among an urban public when demographic factors were controlled for. Risk sensitivity is the tendency to perceive all risks to be high and risk insensitivity the opposite. In studies carried out previously risk sensitivity was conceived to be a predictor of risk perception. The large proportion of explained variance in perceived risk reported in previous studies could partly be due to the use of risk sensitivity as a predictor variable which was more or less coincident with the criterion variable. Judgement of urban transport security, risk perception, and travel mode use. The results also showed that the same set of predictor variables explained a significantly larger proportion of explained variance in leisure travel mode use compared to work travel mode use. There could be several explanations for this. Most obvious is that the freedom to choose travel mode could be better during leisure time compared to on work travels. It may be that the freedom of choice is larger for leisure travels compared to work travels. As expected car access was an important predictor of travel mode use. In addition, the power of this predictor variable was significantly larger for travel mode use on work travels compared to leisure travels, indicating that it may be easier to choose other travel modes for leisure travels.
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