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| 2. |
- Alawaji, H., et al.
(författare)
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Implicit integration in soil plasticity under mixed control for drained and undrained response
- 1992
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Ingår i: International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics. - : Wiley. - 0363-9061 .- 1096-9853. ; 16:10, s. 737-756
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An algorithm is outlined for the implicit integration of isotropic plasticity models for an arbitrary choice of mixed stress and strain control variables. Drained as well as undrained behaviour is considered. The closest-point-projection method in conjunction with a completely strain-driven format is used in a core algorithm. In the drained case strain response variables are determined via iterations to satisfy equilibrium of prescribed and calculated stresses that correspond to the strain response variables. In the undrained case, on the other hand, strains and pore pressure are determined via simultaneous iterations to satisfy equilibrium and the incompressibility condition. The algorithm is applied to a new generalized cam-clay model, and various iteration techniques are assessed. In particular, Newton iterations which employ the matrix of algorithmic tangent stiffness moduli are shown to compete favourably with more conventional methods.
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| 3. |
- Anderson, Maria E., et al.
(författare)
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Galanin, through GalR1 but not GalR2 receptors, decreases motivation at times of high appetitive behavior
- 2013
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Ingår i: Behavioural Brain Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-4328 .- 1872-7549. ; 239, s. 90-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Galanin is a 29/30-amino acid long neuropeptide that has been implicated in many physiological and behavioral functions. Previous research has shown that i.c.v. administration of galanin strongly stimulates food intake in sated rats when food is freely available, but fails to stimulate this consumption when an operant response requirement is present. Using fixed ratio (FR) schedules, we sought to further clarify galanin's role in motivated behavior by administering galanin i.c.v. to rats working on fixed ratio schedules requiring either a low work condition (FR1) or higher work conditions (FR > 1) to obtain a 0.2% saccharin reward. Rats in the FR > 1 group were assigned to either an FR3, FR5 or FR7 schedule of reinforcement. The rate of reinforcement decreased for only the FR > 1 group as compared to saline controls. Furthermore, injections of GalR1 receptor agonist M617 led to a similar, marginally significant decrease in the number of reinforcers received in the FR > 1 condition, but a decrease was not seen after injections of GalR2 receptor agonist M1153. Taken together, these results show that galanin may be playing a role in decreasing motivation at times of high appetitive behavior, and that this effect is likely mediated by the GalR1 receptor.
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| 4. |
- Axelsson, Kennet, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics and integration of undrained response of silty soils
- 1989
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Ingår i: Numerical models in geomechanics. - London : Elsevier. - 1851663460 ; , s. 195-203
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Constitutive behaviour of silt is discussed with emphasis on undrained response. Triaxial undrained tests performed on silt shows contractant behaviour at small strains but dilatant behaviour at higher strains, whereafter the soil fails. A constitutive model for silt based on elastoplacticity is proposed and numerically investigated
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| 7. |
- Iseri, K, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of Fractures Before and After Dialysis Initiation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. - : Wiley. - 1523-4681. ; 35:12, s. 2372-2380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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