| 1. |
- Andersson, Jonas E, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Shopping with Acquired Brain Injuries : Coping Strategies and Maslowian Principles
- 2016. - 1
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Ingår i: Universal Design 2016. - : IOS Press. - 9781614996835 - 9781614996842
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A positive outcome of the modern welfare state is prolonged life expectancy. In Sweden, the expected life span has increased with approximatively 25 years during the 20th century [Statistics Sweden]. However, ageing is associated with an increased risk for acquiring cognitive and physical disabilities. This study is based on anonymized interviews with groups of older persons who experience cognitive problems and relatives. The interviewees were asked about everyday activities like shopping groceries, clothes or other necessities. The interviewees identified problems and described a series of strategies for coping. This paper uses fictionalized characters to present problems and coping strategies that the interviewees use to overcome cognitive challenges when shopping groceries. The strategies range from complete withdrawal, an increased dependency on proxies to the development of elaborate techniques to mask their problem and obtain assistance. Following the current trend in the design of the Swedish sales environment – large scale, abundance of goods and Maslowian strategies for making people stay longer (and spend more money) – accessibility in the built environment is often an absent friend.
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| 2. |
- Boekel, Jorrit, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative tissue transcriptomics reveal prompt inter-organ communication in response to local bacterial kidney infection
- 2011
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Ingår i: BMC Genomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2164. ; 12, s. 123-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Mucosal infections elicit inflammatory responses via regulated signaling pathways. Infection outcome depends strongly on early events occurring immediately when bacteria start interacting with cells in the mucosal membrane. Hitherto reported transcription profiles on host-pathogen interactions are strongly biased towards in vitro studies. To detail the local in vivo genetic response to infection, we here profiled host gene expression in a recent experimental model that assures high spatial and temporal control of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) infection within the kidney of a live rat. Results: Transcriptional profiling of tissue biopsies from UPEC-infected kidney tissue revealed 59 differentially expressed genes 8 h post-infection. Their relevance for the infection process was supported by a Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. Early differential expression at 3 h and 5 h post-infection was of low statistical significance, which correlated to the low degree of infection. Comparative transcriptomics analysis of the 8 h data set and online available studies of early local infection and inflammation defined a core of 80 genes constituting a "General tissue response to early local bacterial infections". Among these, 25% were annotated as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) regulated. Subsequent experimental analyses confirmed a systemic increase of IFN-gamma in rats with an ongoing local kidney infection, correlating to splenic, rather than renal Ifng induction and suggested this inter-organ communication to be mediated by interleukin (IL)-23. The use of comparative transcriptomics allowed expansion of the statistical data handling, whereby relevant data could also be extracted from the 5 h data set. Out of the 31 differentially expressed core genes, some represented specific 5 h responses, illustrating the value of comparative transcriptomics when studying the dynamic nature of gene regulation in response to infections. Conclusion: Our hypothesis-free approach identified components of infection-associated multi-cellular tissue responses and demonstrated how a comparative analysis allows retrieval of relevant information from lower-quality data sets. The data further define marked representation of IFN-gamma responsive genes and a prompt inter-organ communication as a hallmark of an early local tissue response to infection.
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| 3. |
- Dahlgren, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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A novel mutation in ribosomal protein S4 thataffects the function of a mutated RF1
- 2000
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Ingår i: Biochimie. - : Société de chimie biologique. - 0300-9084. ; 82:8, s. 683-691
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Release factors (RF) 1 and 2 trigger the hydrolysis of the peptide from the peptidyl-tRNA during translation termination. RF1 binds to the ribosome in response to the stop codons UAG and UAA, whereas RF2 recognizes UAA and UGA. RF1 and RF2 have been shown to bind to several ribosomal proteins. To study this interaction in vivo, prfA1, a mutant form of RF1 has been used. A strain with the prfA1 mutation is temperature sensitive (Ts) for growth at 42 °C and shows an increased misreading of UAG and UAA. In this work we show that a point mutation in ribosomal protein S4 can, on the one hand, make the RF1 mutant strain Ts+; on the other hand, this mutation increases the misreading of UAG, but not UAA, caused by prfA1. The S4 mutant allele, rpsD101, is a missense mutation (Tyr51 to Asp), which makes the cell cold sensitive. The behaviour of rpsD101 was compared to the well-studied S4 alleles rpsD12, rpsD14, and rpsD16. These three mutations all confer both a Ts (44 °C) phenotype and show a ribosomal ambiguity phenotype, which rpsD101 does not. The three alleles were sequenced and shown to be truncations of the S4 protein. None of the three mutations could compensate for the Ts phenotype caused by the prfA1 mutation. Hence, rpsD101 differs in all studied characteristics from the three above mentioned S4 mutants. Because rpsD101 can compensate for the Ts phenotype caused by prfA1 but enhances the misreading of UAG and not UAA, we suggest that S4 influences the interaction of RF1 with the decoding center of the ribosome and that the Ts phenotype is not a consequence of increased readthrough.
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| 4. |
- Dahlgren, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of two cis-acting mutations on the regulation and expression of release factor one in Eschericchia coli
- 2004
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Ingår i: Biochimie. - : Société de chimie biologique. - 0300-9084. ; 86:7, s. 431-438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Together with release factor (RF) 2, RF1 recognises the stop codons and triggers the hydrolysis of the nascent peptide from peptidyl-tRNA during translation termination. prfA, the gene that codes for RF1, is located at 27 min on the Escherichia coli map as the second gene in the hemA-operon. The concentration of RF1 has been shown to increase with increased growth rate, but it is not known where and how this control is exerted. In this study we show that the growth rate regulation of RF1, at least in part, is controlled at PhemA1, one of two promoters preceding the hemA gene. We have also characterised two mutations, asuA1 and asuA2, that are antisuppressors to the tRNA suppressor Su2. Our data indicate that the antisuppressor phenotype is caused by an increased amount of RF1. The asuA2 mutation is a G to an A change just downstream of the –10 region of PhemA1, it leads to a higher concentration of RF1 in the cell and abolishes the growth rate regulation. This indicates that the sequence between the –10 region and the transcription start site is important for growth rate control. The increase in concentration of RF1 caused by asuA1 is most likely at the translational level. The efficiency of translation initiation of prfA is low due to a long distance between the start codon and the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence. The asuA1 mutation creates a new start codon with a more optimal distance to the SD sequence. This leads to an increased expression of RF1, probably due to increased initiation efficiency
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| 5. |
- Dahlgren, Ann, 1974-
(författare)
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Function and regulation of release factor one in Escherichia coli
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During translation termination the stop codons UAA and UAG are recognised by release factor one (RF1). RF1 binds to the ribosome and mediates the hydrolysis of the nascent peptide from the peptidyl-tRNA. In this process, RF1 interacts directly or indirectly with several ribosomal proteins (r-proteins). To study this interaction in vivo we have used a mutant allele of RF1, prfA1. The mutation causes a temperature sensitive (Ts) phenotype and increased readthrough of the stop codons. A mutant form of r-protein S4 that suppresses this Ts phenotype was isolated. The S4 mutant also increases the readtrough of UAG caused by prfA1. In the mutated S4 allele, rpsD101, Tyr51 is changed to Asp. That change introduces a negatively charged amino acid in a part of S4 that belongs to the positively charged RNA binding surface. This might affect the binding of S4 to the 16S rRNA, to another r-protein, or to RF1, and in that way influence on the function of RF1.One of the few things known about the regulation of RF1 is that expression is decreased with increasing generation time. prfA is the second gene in the hemA-operon located at 27 minutes on the E. coli chromosomal map. We have shown that the growth rate regulation of RF1 is exerted at one of the promoters preceding the hemA gene, PhemA1. The promoter is also growth phase regulated and it is turned off in stationary phase. We have characterised two mutations, asuA1 and asuA2, that increase expression of RF1. The asuA2 mutation is a G to A change one nucleotide downstream of the -10 region of PhemA1. Besides increasing expression of RF1 this mutation also abolishes the growth rate and growth phase regulations we have found. The growth phase regulation is partly dependent on ppGpp. We present two models concerning the effect of ppGpp on PhemA1, and what the asuA2 mutation does to it. The prfA gene has low translation initiation efficiency due to a long spacing between the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence and the start codon. The asuA1 mutation creates a new start codon with a shorter distance to the SD sequence. Most likely this increases the efficiency of translation initiation. That PhemA1 is turned off in stationary phase suggests additional regulation of RF1. Our results indicate a putative promoter for the prfA gene within hemA. This promoter does not seem to be growth rate or growth phase regulated.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Einarsson, Sandra, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Thinking and re-thinking : a qualitative study of university teachers' perspectives on the development process for a new online interprofessional education curriculum in a Swedish higher education institution
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nordic Studies in Education. - : Cappelen Damm Akademisk. - 1891-5914 .- 1891-5949. ; 43:3, s. 225-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to reflect on the experience of working collaboratively across education programmes, departments, and faculties from the perspective of university teachers at a higher education institution. Nine teachers from five programmes working together to develop a new curriculum for interprofessional education (IPE) participated in a focus group discussion. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings suggest that teacher experiences can be understood in terms of teamwork processes valued from both professional and IPE experiential variations within the group. Since findings illustrate pedagogical collaboration across department and faculty boundaries, they can inspire teachers who are planning a similar process.
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| 9. |
- Fernö, Mårten, et al.
(författare)
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Analys av HER2 i bröstcancer kvalitetssäkrad. Viktig behandlingsprediktiv och prognostisk faktor.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 105:32-33, s. 2181-2184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed and/or amplified in 15-20% of all breast cancers, and is associated with an aggressive tumour type with impaired prognosis and a predictive marker for trastuzumab treatment. HER2 status can be determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) at protein level and by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysing gene amplification, and it is recommended that it should be performed in all primary breast cancers. In a quality control study the reproducibility of HER2 status was assessed by distributing eleven breast tumours prepared on a tissue microarray to 25 pathology laboratories in Sweden in 2005 and 2006. The concordance between the laboratories indicated good reproducibility for IHC 2005 (kappa value 0.79) and very good reproducibility for 2006 (kappa value 0.86). The corresponding reproducibility for FISH was very good on both occasions (kappa value 0.92 and 0.96 respectively). A questionnaire indicated that 90% of all primary breast cancers diagnosed in Sweden in 2006 were tested for HER2 status. By way of summary, HER2 status is now implemented in clinical routine diagnostics in Sweden, and the present reproducibility study supports a high quality of testing.
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| 10. |
- Huang, Bo, 1965-
(författare)
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Formation and function of wobble uridine modifications in transfer RNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) act as adaptor molecules in decoding messenger RNA into protein. Frequently found in tRNAs are different modified nucleosides, which are derivatives of the four normal nucleosides, adenosine (A), guanosine (G), cytidine (C), and uridine (U). Although modified nucleosides are present at many positions in tRNAs, two positions in the anticodon region, position 34 (wobble position) and position 37, show the largest variety of modified nucleosides. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the xm5U type of modified uridines found at position 34 are 5-carbamoylmethyluridine (ncm5U), 5-carbamoylmethyl-2´-O-methyluridine, (ncm5Um), 5-methoxycarbonylmethyluridine (mcm5U), and 5-methoxycarbonyl-methyl-2-thiouridine (mcm5s2U). Based on the complex structure of these nucleosides, it is likely that their formation requires several synthesis steps. The Elongator complex consisting of proteins Elp1p - Elp6p, and the proteins Kti11p - Kti14p, Sit4p, Sap185p, and Sap190p were shown to be involved in 5-carbamoylmethyl (ncm5) and 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl (mcm5) side-chain synthesis at position 34 in eleven tRNA species. The proteins Urm1p, Uba4p, Ncs2p, Ncs6p, and Yor251cp were also identified to be required for the 2-thio (s2) group formation of the modified nucleoside mcm5s2U at wobble position. Modified nucleosides in the anticodon region of tRNA influence the efficiency and fidelity of translation. The identification of mutants lacking ncm5-, mcm5-, or s2-group at the wobble position allowed the investigation of the in vivo role of these nucleosides in the tRNA decoding process. It was revealed that the presence of ncm5-, mcm5- or s2-group promotes reading of G-ending codons. The concurrent presence of the mcm5- and the s2-groups in the wobble nucleoside mcm5s2U improves reading of A- and G-ending codons, whereas absence of both groups is lethal to the yeast cell. The Elongator complex was previously proposed to regulate polarized exocytosis and to participate in elongation of RNA polymerase II transcription. The pleiotropic phenotypes observed in Elongator mutants were therefore suggested to be caused by defects in exocytosis and transcription of many genes. Here it is shown that elevated levels of hypomodified tRNALys [mcm5s2UUU] and tRNAGln[mcm5s2UUG] can efficiently suppress these pleiotropic phenotypes, suggesting that the defects in transcription and exocytosis are indirectly caused by inefficient translation of mRNAs encoding proteins important in these processes.
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