| 1. |
- de Fine Licht, Karl, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the measurement of political trust: A multilevel observational analysis of six Swedish public agencies
- 2024
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Ingår i: Social Sciences and Humanities Open. - 2590-2911. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Political trust is a well-used construct and serves both as an explanation and an outcome in the social sciences. Considering the importance of the construct,relatively little attention has been allocated to its measurement. While the existing literature on the measurement of political trust focuses on either developing and validating new scales, or scaling and equivalence assessment of the more general measures, this article contributes by analysing the contents of the widely used survey items of political trust. Put differently, what is in a typical political trust measure? The analysis uses relevant observational data from Sweden (n = 1760)with repeated questions over six public agencies, where the typically used trust measurement is regressed on theoretically motivated psychological antecedents of trust using a hierarchical heteroskedastic ordered probit model. Results imply that the typical trust measurement contains traces of perceived competence and less so perceived motivation. The results also suggest that political actor sdo carry meaning beyond the trust construct, influencing both the location and scale of the response distribution.
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| 2. |
- Lundberg, Oscar, et al.
(författare)
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Adrenomedullin and endothelin-1 are associated with myocardial injury and death in septic shock patients
- 2016
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Ingår i: Critical Care. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1364-8535 .- 1466-609X. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AbstractBackgroundAdrenomedullin and endothelin-1 are hormones with opposing effects on the cardiovascular system. Adrenomedullin acts as a vasodilator and seems to be important for the initiation and continuation of the hyperdynamic circulatory response in sepsis. Endothelin-1 is a vasoconstrictor and has been linked to decreased cardiac performance. Few studies have studied the relationship between adrenomedullin and endothelin-1, and morbidity and mortality in septic shock patients. High-sensitivity troponin T (hsTNT) is normally used to diagnose acute cardiac injury but is also prognostic for outcome in intensive care. We investigated the relationship between mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM), C-terminal pro-endothelin-1 (CT-proET-1), and myocardial injury, measured using transthoracic echocardiography and hsTNT in septic shock patients. We were also interested in the development of different biomarkers throughout the ICU stay, and how early measurements were related to mortality. Further, we assessed if a positive biomarker panel, consisting of MR-proADM, CT-proET-1, and hsTNT changed the odds for mortality.MethodsA cohort of 53 consecutive patients with septic shock had their levels of MR-proADM, CT-proET-1, hsTNT, and left ventricular systolic functions prospectively measured over 7 days. The relationship between day 1 levels of MR-proADM/CT-proET-1 and myocardial injury was studied. We also investigated the relationship between biomarkers and early (7-day) and later (28-day) mortality. Likelihood ratios, and pretest and posttest odds for mortality were calculated.ResultsLevels of MR-proADM and CT-proET-1 were significantly higher among patients with myocardial injury and were correlated with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. MR-proADM and hsTNT were significantly higher among 7-day and 28-day non-survivors. CT-proET-1 was also significantly higher among 28-day but not 7-day non-survivors. A positive biomarker panel consisting of the three biomarkers increased the odds for mortality 13-fold to 20-fold.ConclusionsMR-proADM and CT-proET-1 are associated with myocardial injury. A biomarker panel combining MR-proADM, CT-proET-1, and hsTNT increases the odds ratio for death, and may improve currently available scoring systems in critical care.Keywords: Sepsis, Shock, Adrenomedullin, Endothelin-1, High-sensitivity troponin, Echocardiography, Myocardial injury, Mortality, Likelihood ratio
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| 3. |
- Rydén, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Low expression and secretion of circulating soluble CTLA-4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and sera from type 1 diabetic children
- 2012
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Ingår i: Diabetes/Metabolism Research & Reviews. - : Wiley. - 1520-7552 .- 1520-7560. ; 28:1, s. 84-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background High levels of soluble cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (soluble CTLA-4), an alternative splice form of the regulatory T-cell (Treg) associated CTLA-4 gene, have been associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and other autoimmune diseases, such as Grave's disease and myasthenia gravis. At the same time, studies have shown soluble CTLA-4 to inhibit T-cell activation through B7 binding. This study aimed to investigate the role of soluble CTLA-4 in relation to full-length CTLA-4 and other Treg-associated markers in T1D children and in individuals with high or low risk of developing the disease. Methods T1D children were studied at 4 days, 1 and 2 years after diagnosis in comparison to individuals with high or low risk of developing the disease. Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with the T1D-associated glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 and phytohaemagglutinin. Subsequently, soluble CTLA-4, full-length CTLA-4, FOXP3 and TGF-beta mRNA transcription were quantified and protein concentrations of soluble CTLA-4 were measured in culture supernatant and sera. Results and Conclusions Low protein concentrations of circulating soluble CTLA-4 and a positive correlation between soluble CTLA-4 mRNA and protein were seen in T1D, in parallel with a negative correlation in healthy subjects. Further, low levels of mitogen-induced soluble CTLA-4 were accompanied by low C-peptide levels. Interestingly, low mitogen-induced soluble CTLA-4 mRNA and low TGF-beta mRNA expression were seen in high risk individuals, suggesting an alteration in activation and down-regulating immune mechanisms during the pre-diabetic phase. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 4. |
- Stenström, Oscar, 1996, et al.
(författare)
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A robust investment decision to deploy bioenergy carbon capture and storage : exploring the case of Stockholm Exergi
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Energy Research. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-598X. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The upscaling of novel carbon dioxide removal, such as bioenergy carbon capture and storage (BECCS), to gigatonne scales is an urgent priority if global warming is to be limited to well below 2 °C. But political, economic, social, technological, environmental and regulatory uncertainty permeates BECCS projects and deters investors. To address this, we explore options to improve the robustness of BECCS deployment strategies in the face of multi-dimensional uncertainties. We apply Dynamic Adaptive Planning (DAP) through expert interviews and Robust Decision Making (RDM) through exploratory modelling, two decision making under deep uncertainty methods, to the case of Stockholm Exergi, an early mover aiming to deploy BECCS at a combined heat and power plant in the capital of Sweden. The main contributions of the research are to 1) illustrate how a quantification of robustness against uncertainty can support an investment decision to deploy BECCS 2) comprehensively cover uncertain vulnerabilities and opportunities of deploying BECCS, and 3) identify critical scenarios and adaptations to manage these uncertainties. The main conclusions are: investing in BECCS is relatively robust if assessing performance across many scenarios and if comparing the worst-cases of either investing, or not doing so. Not investing could miss out on up to € 3.8 billion in terms of net present value. The critical uncertainties of BECCS can be managed by strengthening biomass sustainability strategies and by gaining support for negative emission trading regulation on carbon markets, e.g., voluntary or Paris Agreement Article 6. Even in vulnerable scenarios of average electricity prices above 82 €/MWh, if trading regulation is implemented before 2030 and if negative emission prices exceed 151 €/CO2, investing in BECCS performs better than not doing so in 96% of cases. We suggest that facility-level parameters and cost-reductions are of little importance for BECCS investments and upscaling. It is regulatory certainty of operating revenues, e.g., through negative emission markets, that needs to be provided by policymakers.
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