| 1. |
- Hudson, Lawrence N, et al.
(författare)
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The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 7:1, s. 145-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.
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| 2. |
- Lorente, Almudena, et al.
(författare)
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Microwave radiation-assisted synthesis of levulinic acid from microcrystalline cellulose : Application to a melon rind residue
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-8130 .- 1879-0003. ; 237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The circular economy considers waste to be a new raw material for the development of value-added products. In this context, agroindustrial lignocellulosic waste represents an outstanding source of new materials and platform chemicals, such as levulinic acid (LA). Herein we study the microwave (MW)-assisted acidic conversion of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) into LA. The influence of acidic catalysts, inorganic salt addition and ball -milling pre-treatment of MCC on LA yield was assessed. Depolymerization and disruption of cellulose was monitored by FTIR, TGA and SEM, whereas the products formed were analyzed by HPLC and NMR spectroscopy. The parameters that afforded the highest LA yield (48 %, 100 % selectivity) were: ball-milling pre-treatment of MCC for 16 min at 600 rpm, followed by MW-assisted thermochemical treatment for 20 min at 190 degrees C, aqueous p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA) 0.25 M as catalyst and saturation with KBr. These optimal conditions were further applied to a lignocellulosic feedstock, namely melon rind, to afford a 51 % yield of LA. These results corroborate the suitability of this method to obtain LA from agroindustrial wastes, in line with a circular economy-based approach.
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| 3. |
- Salgado-Ramos, Manuel, et al.
(författare)
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A preliminary multistep combination of pulsed electric fields and supercritical fluid extraction to recover bioactive glycosylated and lipidic compounds from exhausted grape marc
- 2023
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Ingår i: Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie. - 0023-6438 .- 1096-1127. ; 180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article reports the first multistep combination of pulsed electric field (PEF; 3 kV/cm, 100 kJ/kg, 2 Hz, 100 ms) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with CO2 (10–20 MPa, 25 mL/min [10% EtOH], 50 °C, 60 min) for exhausted grape marc (EGM). This current protocol was mainly created to recover bioactive glycosylated and lipidic compounds. In this regard, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was enhanced up to 68% after PEF treatment compared to conventional soaking. However, re-extracting PEF-treated EGM after the application of SFE (PEF + SFE) boosted the efficiency by up to 87%. Several polyphenols (kaempferol, luteolin, scutellarin, and resveratrol, among others), together with other glycosylated structures, were identified by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analysis. The bioactive lipidic compounds extracted by SFE, along with the carbohydrate fraction (free sugars) favourably extracted by PEF pre-treatment (mainly glucose, but also fructose and sucrose), were concurrently detected by nuclear magnetic resonance. The remaining solid fraction after treatment was also characterised. Different microscopic morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on untreated, PEF, and PEF + SC–CO2–treated EGM. Differential thermogravimetric (DTG) curves determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) also suggested alternative and potential means for the valorisation of this matrix.
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| 4. |
- Salgado-Ramos, Manuel, et al.
(författare)
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Microwave heating for sustainable valorization of almond hull towards high-added-value chemicals
- 2022
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Ingår i: Industrial crops and products (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-6690 .- 1872-633X. ; 189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microwave (MW) treatment promotes homogeneous heating compared to conventional methods, thus increasing the recovery of high-added-value compounds and leading to a considerably lower amount of both by-products and side reactions. Therefore, the main goal of this work is to valorize almond hull (AH) via microwave (MW)-assisted radiation (0–200 W, 0–300 psi, 100–190 °C, 10–40 min). In this context, two different pathways were evaluated. Firstly, the transformation of AH into levulinic acid (LA), one of the major bio-based chemicals obtained from lignocellulosic biomass. The so-called almond hull extractives-free biomass (AH-EFB) led to the best results after using both Lewis (AlCl3⋅6 H2O, 1 mol/L, 87 % molar yield) and Brønsted (p-toluenesulfonic (p-TsOH), 0.25 mol/L, 91 % molar yield) acids, at 190 °C for 20 min. This latter not only provides a sustainable system in contrast to mineral acids such as H2SO4 or HCl, but also the possibility of being recovered and recycled for further transformations. In a parallel secondary experiment, the recovery of biologically active compounds (BACs) was studied separately. For this purpose, antioxidant assays and phenolic profiling were carried out, which demonstrated that MW was more efficient than traditional methods (i.e. soaking) based on obtained values in terms of scavenging activity and polyphenols. Overall, this valorization approach involves most of the Green Chemistry principles, thus contributing to the development of almond biorefineries.
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| 5. |
- Salgado-Ramos, Manuel, et al.
(författare)
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Sequential extraction of almond hull biomass with pulsed electric fields (PEF) and supercritical CO2 for the recovery of lipids, carbohydrates and antioxidants
- 2023
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Ingår i: Food and Bioproducts Processing. - 0960-3085 .- 1744-3571. ; 139, s. 216-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work reports the first example of combined sequential extraction by pulsed electric fields (PEF) (3 kV/cm, 100 kJ/kg, 2 Hz, 100 ms) and supercritical (SC) fluid extraction (SFE) (15 MPa, 25 mL/min, 50 degrees C, 60 min) with CO2 (SC-CO2) for the valorisation of almond hull (AH) biomass. PEF+SFE boosted the efficiency of the protocol up to 77% for total antioxidant capacity and 20% in terms of polyphenols recovery compared to the traditional soaking. Triple-TOF-LC-MS-MS analysis provided the phenolic profiles for the PEF and SCCO2 extracts, observing significant differences in the polyphenol profile according to the technology applied. Additionally, NMR analysis detected the presence of the carbohydrate soluble (mainly glucose, fructose and sucrose) and lipidic fractions, both selectively extracted by PEF or SC-CO2, respectively. Finally, the post-extraction residual solid biomass was characterized by several techniques such as TGA, FT-IR and SEM. For the latter, the formation of surface pores after PEF and a high fibre compaction after SFE was observed. On the other hand, DTG curves allowed to firmly propose concurrent valorisation routes for this solid, in agreement with a zero-waste approach.
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