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| 2. |
- Asadollahi, Mojtaba, et al.
(författare)
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Pathogenicity differences between group I and group II of Botrytis cinerea
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Agraria Debreceniensis. - : University of Debrecen/ Debreceni Egyetem. - 1587-1282 .- 2416-1640. ; :43, s. 81-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Botrytis cinerea has been reported as a species complex containing two cryptic species, groups I (Botrytis pseudocinerea) and II (B. cinerea sensu stricto). In order to compare the pathogenicity of group I and group II of B. cinerea, we have selected 4 strains of group I and 4 strains of group II. The results demonstrated that competitive infection of group II was more on grape, cucumber and paprika leaves, than group I. However the results on bean leaves did not correlate the applied B. cinerea group.
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| 3. |
- Fekete, Éva, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic diversity of a Botrytis cinerea cryptic species complex in Hungary
- 2012
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Ingår i: Microbiological Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0944-5013 .- 1618-0623. ; 167:5, s. 283-291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Botrytis cinerea has been described as a species complex containing two cryptic species, referred to as groups I and II. The first B. cinerea group I strains outside of Western Europe were collected in Hungary in 2008 from strawberry and rape plants. Sympatric B. cinerea cryptic species were analyzed using a population genetic approach and phenotypic markers. Statistically significant, but moderate population differentiation was found between the two groups in Hungary. Group I was originally typified by the lack of the transposable elements Boty and Flipper. However, all the Hungarian group I isolates carried the Boty element and one isolate additionally contained Flipper, indicating a much wider genetic variation than previously believed. Vegetative compatibility analyses showed that twelve of the thirteen B. cinerea group I isolates studied belonged to a unique vegetative compatibility group (VCG), but VCGs overlapped between groups. Phenotypic markers such as fenhexamid resistance or asexual spore size were found unsuitable to differentiate between the cryptic species. The results did not confirm the complete separation of the two cryptic species, previously determined with genealogical concordance of the phylogenetic species recognition using multiple gene sequences, and suggest instead the possibility of information exchange between them.
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| 4. |
- Auer, Tibor, et al.
(författare)
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SÚLYOS KOPONYA-AGY SÉRÜLÉS VIZSGÁLATADIFFÚZIÓS TENZOR ÉS FUNKCIONÁLISMR-KÉPALKOTÁSSAL ALACSONY TÉRERÔN : [Diffusion tensor and functional MR imaging of severe traumatic craniocerebral injury at low magnetic field]
- 2007
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Ingår i: Ideggyogyaszati Szemle. - : Literatura Medica Kiado. - 0019-1442 .- 2498-6208. ; 60:11-12, s. 480-488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim of the study: Presentation of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) performed at low magnetic field (1 Tesla) in the algorithm of work-up of a patient suffering from severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).Method: DTI and functional MRI (fMRI) were applied at 1 Tesla for visualization of neural pathways and examination of sensory functions of a patient with severe TBI. DTI-measurement was also performed on a healthy patient for comparison.Results: DTI acquired at low magnetic field yielded appropriate visualization of neural pathways. DTI confirmed the results of the clinical and fMRI examinations in the patient suffering from severe TBI.Conclusion: An optimized DTI can be useful in the examination of patients with TBI, moreover, it may also help in the establishment of diagnoses of other central nervous system diseases affecting neuronal pathways. The presented results suggest that DTI of appropriate quality can be performed at low magnetic field.
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| 5. |
- Czeiter, Endre, et al.
(författare)
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Calpain inhibition reduces axolemmal leakage in traumatic axonal injury
- 2009
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Ingår i: Molecules. - : MDPI. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 14:12, s. 5115-5123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Calcium-induced, calpain-mediated proteolysis (CMSP) has recently been implicated to the pathogenesis of diffuse (traumatic) axonal injury (TAI). Some studies suggested that subaxolemmal CMSP may contribute to axolemmal permeability (AP) alterations observed in TAI. Seeking direct evidence for this premise we investigated whether subaxolemmal CMSP may contribute to axolemmal permeability alterations (APA) and pre-injury calpain-inhibition could reduce AP in a rat model of TAI. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP, a tracer that accumulates in axons with APA) was administered one hour prior to injury into the lateral ventricle; 30 min preinjury a single tail vein bolus injection of 30 mg/kg MDL-28170 (a calpain inhibitor) or its vehicle was applied in Wistar rats exposed to impact acceleration brain injury. Histological detection of traumatically injured axonal segments accumulating HRP and statistical analysis revealed that pre-injury administration of the calpain inhibitor MDL-28170 significantly reduced the average length of HRP-labeled axonal segments. The axono-protective effect of pre-injury calpain inhibition recently demonstrated with classical immunohistochemical markers of TAI was further corroborated in this experiment; significant reduction of the length of labeled axons in the drug-treated rats implicate CMSP in the progression of altered AP in TAI.
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| 6. |
- Dóczi, Zoltán, 1988-
(författare)
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Law Enforcement Large-Scale IT Systems in EU Internal Security and Migration Policies
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Borderless Europe raises the problem of increased security deficit. One of its segments may be counterbalanced by the control of immigration flow at the external borders that consists of three endeavours: the common border control policy, the common visa policy and the common asylum policy. The aim of the current research is to understand internal security and migration policies of the European Union through observing eu-LISA, the sole European Agency being a law enforcement large-scale IT system. Observing what kind of social preferences are reflected through the Agency, the EU internal security and migration policies can be more sophisticatedly characterised. The primary question is stretched by analysing all relevant law enforcement large-scale IT systems, i.e. those operating in the area of freedom, security and justice.For the analysis, a methodological tool is developed proposing the relative measurement of three indicators such as accountability for acts, respect of human rights standards and transparent operation. Indicators are examined through the development process of the units of analysis (institutionalist approach) and through analysing the interactions among them and their environment (functionalist approach).It is also conjectured in line with the proposed methodological tool that analysing the above three indicators the relationship of the examined law enforcement large-scale IT system with social beneficiality can be determined. Since it is a double conjecture, i.e. indirect inference, it shall be challenged to be proven. Testing this projection capacity, the tool is applied to comparable law enforcement large-scale IT systems planned to operate in the area of freedom, security and justice.The received results characterise reflected social preferences and social beneficiality if presumptions and limitations are accepted. In this way, the proposed methodological tool may be used for social measurement related to law enforcement large-scale IT systems.
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| 7. |
- Valko, Zsuzsanna, et al.
(författare)
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Dual targeting of BCL-2 and MCL-1 in the presence of BAX breaks venetoclax resistance in human small cell lung cancer
- 2023
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 128:10, s. 1850-1861
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: No targeted drugs are currently available against small cell lung cancer (SCLC). BCL-2 family members are involved in apoptosis regulation and represent therapeutic targets in many malignancies. Methods: Expression of BCL-2 family members in 27 SCLC cell lines representing all known four SCLC molecular subtypes was assessed by qPCR, Western blot and mass spectrometry-based proteomics. BCL-2 and MCL-1 inhibition (venetoclax and S63845, respectively) was assessed by MTT assay and flow cytometry and in mice bearing human SCLC tumours. Drug interactions were calculated using the Combenefit software. Ectopic BAX overexpression was achieved by expression plasmids. Results: The highest BCL-2 expression levels were detected in ASCL1- and POU2F3-driven SCLC cells. Although sensitivity to venetoclax was reflected by BCL-2 levels, not all cell lines responded consistently despite their high BCL-2 expression. MCL-1 overexpression and low BAX levels were both characteristic for venetoclax resistance in SCLC, whereas the expression of other BCL-2 family members did not affect therapeutic efficacy. Combination of venetoclax and S63845 resulted in significant, synergistic in vitro and in vivo anti-tumour activity and apoptosis induction in double-resistant cells; however, this was seen only in a subset with detectable BAX. In non-responding cells, ectopic BAX overexpression sensitised to venetoclax and S63845 and, furthermore, induced synergistic drug interaction. Conclusions: The current study reveals the subtype specificity of BCL-2 expression and sheds light on the mechanism of venetoclax resistance in SCLC. Additionally, we provide preclinical evidence that combined BCL-2 and MCL-1 targeting is an effective approach to overcome venetoclax resistance in high BCL-2-expressing SCLCs with intact BAX.
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