| 1. |
- Akintunde, Moyinoluwa, et al.
(författare)
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Bacterial Cellulose Production from agricultural Residues by two Komagataeibacter sp. Strains
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bioengineered. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2165-5979 .- 2165-5987. ; 13:4, s. 10010-10025
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agricultural residues are constantly increasing with increased farming processes, and improper disposal is detrimental to the environment. Majority of these waste residues are rich in lignocellulose, which makes them suitable substrate for bacterial fermentation in the production of valueadded products. In this study, bacterial cellulose (BC), a purer and better form of cellulose, was produced by two Komagataeibacter sp. isolated from rotten banana and kombucha drink using corncob (CC) and sugarcane bagasse (SCB) enzymatic hydrolyzate, under different fermentation conditions, that is, static, continuous, and intermittent agitation. The physicochemical and mechanical properties of the BC films were then investigated by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetry analysis, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Dynamic mechanical analysis. Agitation gave a higher BC yield, with Komagataeibacter sp. CCUG73629 producing BC from CC with a dry weight of 1.6 g/L and 1.4 g/L under continuous and intermittent agitation, respectively, compared with that of 0.9 g/L in HS medium. While BC yield of dry weight up to 1.2 g/L was obtained from SCB by Komagataeibacter sp. CCUG73630 under continuous agitation compared to that of 0.3 g/L in HS medium. FTIR analysis showed BC bands associated with cellulose I, with high thermal stability. The FE-SEM analysis showed that BC fibers were highly ordered and densely packed. Although the BC produced by both strains showed similar physicochemical and morphological properties, the BC produced by the Komagataeibacter sp. CCUG73630 in CC under intermittent agitation had the best modulus of elasticity, 10.8 GPa and tensile strength, 70.9 MPa. [GRAPHICS]
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| 2. |
- Alinezhad, S., et al.
(författare)
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Expression of keratinase gene in Bacillus megaterium using an expression vector of pHIS1525.SPlipA and utilization of the resulting recombinant strain for chicken feather degradation prior to biogas production
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An increasing quantity of chickens is being utilized annually in the poultry industry, producing a huge volume of chicken feather waste which presents a high quality supply of keratin. Keratinases possessing high level of keratinolytic activity on insoluble keratin play a crucial role in hydrolyzing chicken feathers. Ever since the discovery of proteolytic ability as well as water solubility of keratinase, many industrial processes regarding keratinase application have been developed. A recently invented application to handle poultry waste is to utilize feathers for biogas production. Obviously, large amount of keratinase is required to break down the keratin prior to further conversion to biogas. Previously, several researches have shown that certain bacteria are able to produce keratinase but it is still a challenge to find out which bacteria is the most reliable source for the production with high efficiency. These challenges gave rise to the molecular biologists to bring the focus on gene cloning to develop recombinant strains resulting in overproduction of keratinase. Over the course of various cloning and expression experiments of similar proteins, it was found that Bacillus megaterium could be a susceptible host cell for keratinase production. In our study, the keratinase gene from the chromosomal DNA of Bacillus licheniformis ATCC®53757 was PCR amplified and subsequently cloned into Bacillus megaterium expression vector, pHIS1525.SPlipA. Bacillus megaterium ATCC®14945 strain was transformed with the recombinant plasmid, pKERHIS1525.SPlipA. The KER gene was expressed under xylose inducible promoter, and the product was then purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. After 18 h of incubation an extracellular keratinase activity of 29U ml-1 was achieved (one unit of activity was determined as the amount of enzyme required to an increase of 0.01 in A420 after 30 min of incubation at 37°C). The recombinant strain was further examined for feather degradation using intact chicken feather waste as carbon source. The chopped chicken feathers were partially degraded by the recombinant strain after three days of incubation and the total macroscopic digestion was ultimately observed after seven days resulting in a yellowish peptide rich fermentation broth. The biogas potential of the hydrolysate will be compared with that of untreated feathers by performing anaerobic batch digestion experiments.
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| 3. |
- Alriksson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Ammonium hydroxide detoxification of spruce acid hydrolysates
- 2005
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Ingår i: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. - 0273-2289 .- 1559-0291. ; 121, s. 911-922
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When dilute-acid hydrolysates from spruce are fermented to produce ethanol, detoxification is required to make the hydrolysates fermentable at reasonable rates. Treatment with alkali, usually by overliming, is one of the most efficient approaches. Several nutrients, such as ammonium and phosphate, are added to the hydrolysates prior to fermentation. We investigated the use of NH4OH for simultaneous detoxification and addition of nitrogen source. Treatment with N-H4OH compared favorably with Ca(OH)(2), Mg(OH)(2), Ba(OH)(2), and NaOH to improve fermentability using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Analysis of monosaccharides, furan aldehydes, phenols, and aliphatic acids was performed after the different treatments. The NH4OH treatments, performed at pH 10.0, resulted in a substantial decrease in the concentrations of furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural. Under the conditions studied, NH4OH treatments gave better results than Ca(OH)(2) treatments. The addition of an extra nitrogen source in the form of NH4Cl at pH 5.5 did not result in any improvement in fermentability that was comparable to NH4OH treatments at alkaline conditions. The addition of CaCl2 or NH4Cl at pH 5.5 after treatment with NH4OH or Ca(OH)(2) resulted in poorer fermentability, and the negative effects were attributed to salt stress. The results strongly suggest that the highly positive effects of NH4OH treatments are owing to chemical conversions rather than stimulation of the yeast cells by ammonium ions during the fermentation.
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| 4. |
- Alriksson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Overexpression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor and multidrug resistance genes conveys enhanced resistance to lignocellulose-derived fermentation inhibitors
- 2010
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Ingår i: Process Biochemistry. - : Elsevier. - 1359-5113 .- 1873-3298. ; 45:2, s. 264-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presence of fermentation inhibitors in lignocellulose hydrolysates is an obstacle for achieving efficient fermentation of lignocellulose hydrolysates to ethanol and other commodities. In this investigation, the possibility of generating more inhibitor-resistant Saccharomyces cerevisiae by genetic engineering was explored. Based on previous results from studies of deletion mutants, three S. cerevisiae genes (ATR1, FLR1, YAP1) involved in multidrug resistance and stress response of yeast were selected for overexpression in three S. cerevisiae strains. The resistance of the transformed strains to lignocellulose-derived fermentation inhibitors and a dilute-acid spruce hydrolysate was evaluated in fermentation experiments. Overexpression of FLR1 resulted in enhanced resistance to the phenolic inhibitor coniferyl aldehyde and the furan aldehyde HMF (5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde). Overexpression of ATR1 conferred increased resistance to coniferyl aldehyde. Strains overexpressing YAP1, which encodes a transcription factor, displayed increased resistance to coniferyl aldehyde, HMF, and the spruce hydrolysate. An ethanol productivity of 0.17 g ethanol × l−1 × h−1 was achieved for a YAP1-overexpressing transformant cultivated in spruce hydrolysate, whereas a control transformant, which did not overexpress YAP1, only reached a productivity of 0.05 g ethanol × l−1 × h−1.
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| 5. |
- Andreas, Billy, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Acid : Pretreatment of Inoculums and Substrate Concentration for Batch Thermophilic Biohydrogen Production from Starch - Rich Synthetic Wastewater
- 2011
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Ingår i: lntemational Symposium on Southeast Asian Water Environment Part 1.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study is to investigate the biohydrogen production in a thermophilic temperature at various acid - pretreatment of inoculums and substrate concentration of starch - ri ch synthetic wastewater, i.e. tapioca and potato synthetic one . Batch tests were conducted in 118 mL batch reactor s under thermophilic temperature (55 0 C) by natu ral mixed culture from a biogas plant. Biohydrogen production in ten days fermentation at a range of acid - pretreatment inoculum s from 5 to 6 and substrate synthetic tapioca and pot ato wastewater concentration from 5 to 50 g/L were evaluated. The maximum yield of 19.06 mmol H 2 /gVS added for synthetic potato wastewater and of 18.15 mmol H 2 /g VS added for synthetic tapioca wastewater were obtained at acid - pretreatment of inoculums of 5 and the substrate concentration of 10 g/L. The content of biohydrogen in th e biogas has a range between 41% and 43%, moreover there was no significant methane observed. For the pH inoculums of 5, acetic and n - butyric acids were found as main volatile fatty acid s in the biohydrogen fermentation . The results suggested that the starch - rich synthetic wastewater is one of potential sources of renewable energy from organic wastewater to produce biohydrogen.
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| 6. |
- Aslanzadeh, Solmaz, et al.
(författare)
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Biogas Production from N-Methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) Pretreated Forest Residues
- 2014
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Ingår i: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. - : Humana Press, Inc.. - 0273-2289 .- 1559-0291. ; 172:6, s. 2998-3008
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lignocellulosic biomass represents a great potential for biogas production. However, a suitable pretreatment is needed to improve their digestibility. This study investigates the effects of an organic solvent, N-Methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) at temperatures of 120 and 90 °C, NMMO concentrations of 75 and 85 % and treatment times of 3 and 15 h on the methane yield. The long-term effects of the treatment were determined by a semicontinuous experiment. The best results were obtained using 75 % NMMO at 120 °C for 15 h, resulting in 141 % increase in the methane production. These conditions led to a decrease by 9 % and an increase by 8 % in the lignin and in the carbohydrate content, respectively. During the continuous digestion experiments, a specific biogas production rate of 92 NmL/gVS/day was achieved while the corresponding rate from the untreated sample was 53 NmL/gVS/day. The operation conditions were set at 4.4 gVS/L/day organic loading rate (OLR) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 20 days in both cases. NMMO pretreatment has substantially improved the digestibility of forest residues. The present study shows the possibilities of this pretreatment method; however, an economic and technical assessment of its industrial use needs to be performed in the future.
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| 7. |
- Aslanzadeh, Solmaz, et al.
(författare)
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Pretreatment of straw fraction of manure for improved biogas production
- 2011
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Ingår i: BioResources. - 1930-2126. ; 6:4, s. 5193-5205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pretreatment of straw separated from cattle and horse manure using N-methylmorpholine oxide (NMMO) was investigated. The pretreatment conditions were for 5 h and 15 h at 120 °C, and the effects were evaluated by batch digestion assays. Untreated cattle and horse manure, both mixed with straw, resulted in 0.250 and 0.279 Nm3 CH4/kgVS (volatile solids), respectively. Pretreatment with NMMO improved both the methane yield and the degradation rate of these substrates, and the effects were further amplified with more pretreatment time. Pretreatment for 15 h resulted in an increase of methane yield by 53% and 51% for cattle and horse manure, respectively. The specific rate constant, k0, was increased from 0.041 to 0.072 (d-1) for the cattle and from 0.071 to 0.086 (d-1) for the horse manure. Analysis of the pretreated straw shows that the structural lignin content decreased by approximately 10% for both samples and the carbohydrate content increased by 13% for the straw separated from the cattle and by 9% for that separated from the horse manure. The crystallinity of straw samples analyzed by FTIR show a decrease with increased time of NMMO pretreatment.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bátori, Veronika, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Anaerobic degradation of bioplastics: A review
- 2018
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Ingår i: Waste Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-053X. ; 80, s. 406-413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anaerobic digestion (AD) of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), leading to renewableenergy production in the form of methane, is a preferable method for dealing with the increasing amountof waste. Food waste is separated at the source in many countries for anaerobic digestion. However, thepresence of plastic bags is a major challenge for such processes. This study investigated the anaerobicdegradability of different bioplastics, aiming at potential use as collecting bags for the OFMSW. Thechemical composition of the bioplastics and the microbial community structure in the AD processaffected the biodegradation of the bioplastics. Some biopolymers can be degraded at hydraulic retentiontimes usually applied at the biogas plants, such as poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s, starch, cellulose and pectin,so no possible contamination would occur. In the future, updated standardization of collecting bags forthe OFMSW will be required to meet the requirements of effective operation of a biogas plant.
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| 10. |
- Berglund Odhner, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Biogas from lignocellulosic biomass
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Grontmij AB has cooperated with the University of Borås to evaluate the technological and economical possibilities for biogas production from substrates containing lignocellulose, such as forest residues, straw and paper. The state of knowledge regarding biogas production from cellulosic biomass has been summarized. The research in the field has been described, especially focusing on pretreatment methods and their results on increased gas yields. An investigation concerning commercially available pretreatment methods and the cost of these technologies has been performed. An economic evaluation of biogas production from lignocellulosic materials has provided answers to questions regarding the profitability of these processes. Pretreatment with steam explosion was economically evaluated for three feedstocks – wood, straw and paper – and a combination of steam explosion and addition of NaOH for paper. The presented costs pertain to costs for the pretreatment step as it, in this study, was assumed that the pretreatment would be added to an existing plant and the lignocellulosic substrates would be part of a co-digestion process. The results of the investigation indicate that it is difficult to provide a positive net result when comparing the cost of pretreatment versus the gas yield (value) for two of the feedstocks – forest residues and straw. This is mainly due to the high cost of the raw material. For forest residues the steam pretreatment cost exceeded the gas yield by over 50 %, mainly due to the high cost of the raw material. For straw, the production cost was similar to the value of the gas. Paper showed the best economic result. The gas yield (value) for paper exceeded the pretreatment cost by 15 %, which makes it interesting to study paper further.
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