| 1. |
- Särner, Barbro, 1942, et al.
(författare)
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Approximal fluoride concentration using different fluoridated products alone or in combination.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Caries research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-976X .- 0008-6568. ; 42:1, s. 73-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present investigation was to measure the approximal fluoride (F) concentration after using different F-containing products, either alone or in combination. Ten subjects participated on a total of 17 occasions, which were randomized, distributed and divided into two trials (called trial I and trial II). The F concentration was studied after treatment with toothpicks, dental flosses, an interdental brush dipped in 0.2 or 0.32% F gels, brushing with toothpaste containing 0.32% F and a mouthrinse with 0.2% NaF solution. The results of trial I revealed that the rinsing solution resulted in the highest approximal F values, followed by toothpicks and brushing. When brushing was combined with either flossing or toothpick, the sequence order of the two methods had less influence. However, when combined with rinsing it appeared to be better to use the floss or the toothpicks first, prior to the mouthrinse. In trial II, treatment with the gels alone, and in combination with brushing, resulted in higher approximal F concentrations compared with brushing alone. The data indicate that the order of usage when combining products may be of importance when it comes to obtaining high F levels at the approximal sites and that an interdental brush with F gel after toothbrushing may be a suitable method, called 'Inter Dental Brush Gel Method', to produce elevated F concentrations at approximal sites.
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| 2. |
- Särner, Barbro, 1942, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of fluoridated toothpicks and dental flosses on enamel and dentine and on plaque composition in situ.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Caries research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0008-6568 .- 1421-976X. ; 39:1, s. 52-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to evaluate the effect of two toothpicks and two dental flosses on demineralized enamel and dentine and on plaque composition, using an in situ model with simulated approximal spaces within dentures. Fifteen subjects with full dentures were recruited and 14 completed the study. It consisted of two crossover periods, the first comparing a birch toothpick with AmF and a birch toothpick with NaF, and the second comparing a dental floss with AmF + NaF and a dental floss without F. Between these four periods, there was a control period without any approximal cleaning. In small, rectangular sample holders, one enamel and one dentine specimen were embedded, forming a triangular, approximal-like space. Two sample holders were mounted in the premolar-molar region of the upper or lower dentures. The subjects used the toothpicks or dental flosses 3 times/day for 4 weeks. The results showed that all toothpicks and dental flosses inhibited further demineralization compared to the control period (p < 0.001). The dental flosses were somewhat more effective in this respect than the toothpicks, especially in dentine. There were relatively small numerical differences between AmF and NaF toothpicks, but in favour of NaF regarding mineral gain (p < 0.05). The fluoridated floss gave somewhat less lesion depth in dentine than the non-fluoridated floss (p < 0.01). Toothpicks and flosses resulted in lower counts of microorganisms in plaque compared to the control period (p < 0.001); the AmF toothpick gave a more pronounced reduction than the NaF toothpick (p < 0.001).
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| 3. |
- Särner, Barbro, 1942, et al.
(författare)
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Fluoride release from NaF- and AmF-impregnated toothpicks and dental flosses in vitro and in vivo.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6357. ; 61:5, s. 289-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to determine the fluoride release from toothpicks and dental flosses in vitro and in vivo, and to evaluate various approximal administration methods. In vitro, a total of 23 commercially available toothpicks and dental flosses and 3 prototypes impregnated with sodium fluoride (NaF), amine fluoride (AmF) or a combination of these two were tested. Fluoride release was determined for up to 24 h using an ion-specific electrode. A large variation was found between the products; most fluoride being released after 30 min. Generally speaking, toothpicks produced higher values than flosses. In vivo, the fluoride concentration in both treated and non-treated approximal areas was evaluated after using 2 different types of toothpicks and 4 dental flosses and after different application methods--such as a fluoride gel and fluoride solution. The mean fluoride concentration in oral fluid was up to 10 times higher at the treated sites than at the non-treated sites. Use of a fresh toothpick or a fresh piece of dental floss in each approximal space resulted in higher values compared with using one and the same toothpick/floss for the whole dentition. An interdental brush dipped in 0.2% NaF gel and a mouthrinse with 0.2% NaF resulted in elevated fluoride concentrations at the same level as when multiple toothpicks were used. To conclude, there are large variations in the fluoride release from various brands of fluoridated toothpicks and dental flosses. Treatment with a fluoridated toothpick or a dental floss can be expected to give elevated fluoride concentrations in the approximal area up to 60 min. Another interesting method for administering fluoride in the approximal area is to use an interdental brush dipped in fluoride gel.
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| 4. |
- Särner, Barbro, 1942
(författare)
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On approximal caries prevention using fluoridated toothpicks, dental floss and interdental brushes
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Although dental health has improved during the last 40-50 years, approximal caries still constitutes a problem in many age groups. It is important that fluoride (F) toothpaste is used when brushing the teeth. In some subjects, there may be a need for supplementary F products, especially in the caries-prone approximal area. Aim: The aims of this thesis were: i) to study the F release of F-containing approximal oral hygiene aids both in vitro and in vivo, ii) to evaluate different methods for the administration of F in vivo, iii) to study the effect of the frequent use of F-containing toothpicks and floss on demineralised enamel and dentine in situ and iv) to evaluate recommendations and the use of oral hygiene products for approximal cleaning in a Swedish adult population. Material and methods and Results: The F release of 26 brands of toothpicks and floss was followed for 24 hrs in vitro. A large variation in the release between these products was found; in general, toothpicks resulted in larger amounts of F compared with floss. The release in vivo was studied using single and multiple fluoridated toothpicks and dental floss, as well as in combination with toothbrushing or a mouthrinse with 0.2% NaF. Moreover, the administration of F by an interdental brush dipped in 0.2% NaF gel (here called the “Inter Dental Brush Gel Method”) was evaluated. Approximal saliva was collected, using paper points, before and up to 60 min after treatment. Both toothpicks and floss resulted in enhanced F concentrations in vivo. An interdental brush dipped in 0.2% NaF gel and a mouthrinse with 0.2% NaF resulted in the same F concentration as after using multiple toothpicks. All combinations of toothpicks and dental floss with F rinsing resulted in higher concentrations than after only toothbrushing or in combination with brushing. The most optimal order was to use toothpicks and dental floss after toothbrushing and before rinsing. Fifteen adults with full dentures, in which demineralised enamel and dentine specimens had been mounted, were included in an in situ experimental caries model. Toothpicks or floss, impregnated with NaF and amine fluoride (AmF), were used regularly for four weeks. All the products inhibited continuous demineralisation - dental floss somewhat more than toothpicks. A reduction in plaque micro-organisms was also found. Recommendations made by dental staff in relation to approximal cleaning aids were evaluated by a questionnaire sent to 500 dentists, 500 dental hygienists and 1000 patients in Sweden. The ability to remove approximal plaque was also evaluated in 60 regular users of approximal aids. Recommendations by dental staff are mostly given to children and adolescents in order to prevent dental caries and to older individuals to prevent gingivitis and periodontal disease. Approximal plaque appears to be more easily removed by regular users of interdental brushes compared with the use of toothpicks and dental floss. Conclusions: The use of fluoridated interproximal aids appears to be important in order to reduce approximal caries. An interdental brush dipped in a NaF gel is an interesting method for increasing approximal F concentration.
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| 5. |
- Särner, Barbro, 1942
(författare)
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On Caries Prevention Using Fluoridated Toothpicks and Dental Flosses.
- 2004
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The prevalence of approximal dental caries is still high worldwide in all age groups. The aim was to evaluate different aspects of fluoridated toothpicks and dental flosses in relation to caries prevention with the emphasis on the approximal area. Fluoride (F) release was studied in vitro and in vivo, together with the effect on demineralised enamel and dentine and on plaque composition in situ. In all, 23 commercially available toothpicks and dental flosses, together with three prototypes, were analysed in vitro. The F release was followed for up to 24 h using an ion-specific electrode. In an in vivo study, the F concentration in both treated and non-treated approximal areas was evaluated after using two toothpicks and four dental flosses compared with an interdental brush dipped in 0.2% NaF gel and solution. In an in situ study, 15 subjects with enamel and dentine specimens, mounted in full dentures, participated. They were asked to use toothpicks and dental flosses three times/day for four weeks. The effect on demineralised samples, analysed by transversal microradiography, and on the oral microflora was studied. A comparison was made with an F-free dental floss and a control period without any approximal cleaning. In these studies, products impregnated with sodium fluoride (NaF), amine fluoride (AmF) or a combination of these two were used. A large variation in the F release in vitro was found; the toothpicks generally resulted in higher values than the flosses. In the in vivo study, the F concentration was up to 10 times higher at the treated sites than at the non-treated ones. Using a fresh toothpick or a piece of dental floss for each interproximal area resulted in higher values compared with using one and the same toothpick/floss for the whole dentition. An interdental brush dipped in NaF gel or solution produced F levels of the same magnitude as using multiple toothpicks. In the in situ experimental caries study, all cleaning aids inhibited further demineralisation. In this respect, the dental flosses were somewhat more effective than the toothpicks, especially in case of dentine. Relatively small differences were found between toothpicks impregnated with AmF and NaF. The most pronounced reduction in plaque microflora was found for the AmF toothpick. The conclusion from this thesis is that both fluoridated toothpicks and dental flosses may be useful tools for delivering fluoride to the caries prone approximal area.
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| 6. |
- Särner, Barbro, 1942, et al.
(författare)
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Recommendations by dental staff and use of toothpicks, dental floss and interdental brushes for approximal cleaning in an adult Swedish population.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Oral health & preventive dentistry. - : Quintessence Publishing Company. - 1602-1622 .- 1757-9996. ; 8:2, s. 185-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the recommendations relating to the use of approximal cleaning aids given by dental hygienists and dentists, the self-care practices in a Swedish population and the ability to remove dental plaque. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A structured questionnaire was randomly distributed to 500 dental hygienists and 500 dentists and a similar questionnaire was distributed to 1000 randomly selected individuals, divided equally into the following age groups: 15 to 20, 21 to 40, 41 to 60 and > 60 years. A clinical examination evaluating the ability to remove approximal dental plaque was also carried out in a total of 60 regular users of approximal cleaning aids. Plaque was scored before and after cleaning with a toothpick, dental floss or an interdental brush. RESULTS: The response rate was 82%, 79% and 68% for the three groups. The results reveal that dental hygienists give more detailed information about a majority of the aspects that are related to the use of approximal cleaning aids compared with dentists (P < 0.01 or P < 0.001). The majority of the dental staff give recommendations to children and adolescents firstly to prevent dental caries and to older individuals to improve periodontal health. The use of different approximal cleaning aids on a daily basis varied with respect to age group (2% to 42%); dental floss dominated in the younger age groups and interdental brushes in the two oldest groups. In the clinical study, the largest plaque reduction was produced by the interdental brush (83%), followed by toothpicks (74%) and dental floss (73%). CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicated the importance of individual recommendations related to the use of approximal cleaning aids.
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| 7. |
- Särner, Barbro, 1942, et al.
(författare)
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Use of different mouth rinses in an adult Swedish population
- 2012
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 36:1, s. 53-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of mouthrinse products in a Swedish adult population and the factors that influence their use. A questionnaire, comprising semi-closed questions focusing on mouthrinses for oral health, was distributed to randomly selected 700 individuals aged 17-94years (final response rate of 60%). The data revealed that 47% of the individuals use a mouthrinse product on a regular basis and that it does not differ significantly due to age. Women use such products to a greater extent than men. Individuals who brush their teeth and who use approximal cleaning aids frequently appear to use mouthrinse products to a greater degree. Rinsing is primarily performed once a day or more (45%), in the evening (57%) and after brushing (87%). Those individuals that have been recommended to use the products by dentists and dental hygienists use them to a greater degree (78%) than those who have not received any recommendations (27%). Apart from dental personnel, advertising also plays a significant role in product selection. Of the different products available on the market, pure fluoride products constitute 46%. To summarise, this study indicates that a Swedish adult population, especially women, uses mouthrinse products to a relatively large extent, mainly as a supplement to other oral hygiene procedures such as brushing with a fluoride toothpaste twice daily. To select the most suitable product, the dental personnell should play a more active role in recommendations to the patients who need or want to use mouth rinses.
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