| 1. |
- Koundouri, P., et al.
(författare)
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Methodology for Integrated Socio-economic Assessment of Multi-use Offshore Platforms.
- 2017
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Ingår i: In: Koundouri P. (eds) The Ocean of Tomorrow. Environment & Policy, vol 56. Springer, Cham. - 9783319557700 ; , s. 11-26
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter presents the methodology employed for the Integrated Socio-Economic Assessment (MISEA) of different designs of Multi-Use Offshore Platforms (MUOPs). The methodology allows for the identification, the valuationand the assessment of the potential impacts and their magnitude. The analysis considers a number of feasible designs of MUOP investments, and the likely responsesof those impacted by the investment project. The approach provides decision-makers with a valuable tool to assess whether a MUOP project increases the overall social welfare and hence should be undertaken. This is performed under alternative specifications regarding platform design, the discount rate and the stream of net benefits, if a Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) is to be followed or a sensitivity analysis of selected criteria in a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) framework. Themethodology can support the implementation of policies aiming at achieving a goodenvironmental status of the EU’s marine waters and the protection of the resource base upon which marine-related economic and social activities depend.
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| 2. |
- Balfors, Berit, et al.
(författare)
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Strategic environmental assessment in Swedish municipal planning. Trends and challenges
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental impact assessment review. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0195-9255 .- 1873-6432. ; 73, s. 152-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- More than a decade after the implementation of the EU Directive on Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) into Swedish legislation, a comprehensive study has been conducted to analyze the development of SEA practice in municipal planning. The analysis was based on a nationwide mapping of SEA in Swedish municipal comprehensive plans and municipal sector plans, such as energy plans and waste plans, which were adopted in the period 2004-2014. The mapping was used for obtaining evidence of, and explanations for, the extent to which SEAs have been carried out and to enable an identification of the presence of alternatives and specified purposes of the plan. In this paper, the result of the analysis of the development of SEA practice is presented, which shows that municipal comprehensive plans had an SEA to an increasingly greater extent, up to on average 90% for the period 2010-2014. For waste plans and energy plans, corresponding figures for the same period were significantly lower. In addition, the result shows a decreasing trend between 2006 and 2014 regarding the proportion of SEAs that included more than one plan alternative. The use of a zero alternative, however, increased from 2006 to 2014. A regression analysis was conducted to identify determinants that explain the variation in the degree to which screening and SEAs were conducted. The findings of the study show that a systematic mapping of SEA practice provides empirical basis for the development of policy measures to enhance the use of SEAS in municipal planning. Furthermore, it is argued that strengthening the link between alternatives and the purposes of the plan may foster a more strategic thinking when identifying reasonable alternatives on how to promote sustainable development within the planning. Moreover, it is argued that mandatory SEA should be considered in municipal comprehensive and sector planning.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Cole, S. G., et al.
(författare)
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Arctic games : An analytical framework for identifying options for sustainable natural resource governance
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Polar Journal. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 2154-896X .- 2154-8978. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in the Arctic are fuelled by a variety of drivers, including global warming, economic growth, improved access to natural resources, technological advances and globalisation processes. Further, the region is characterised by a diverse set of international agreements, national legislations and common pool resources. This presents challenges for actors to suggest, evaluate and agree on sustainable development alternatives. We propose an analytical framework to better understand (1) the types of trade-offs associated with Arctic futures and (2) actors’ incentives for strategic behaviour. In the framework, game theory illuminates incentives and strategies among actors, cost-benefit analysis and economic valuation of ecosystem services help identify socially desirable outcomes and institutional analysis provides insight on how governance structures can support or interfere with policy intervention. We apply the proposed framework by analysing possible oil development futures for Lofoten in Northern Norway. For example, institutional analysis and estimates of costs and benefits of reducing oil spill risk and their distribution among actors are used for discussing incentive structures, including the use of side payments as a mechanism to mitigate conflicting interests.
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| 5. |
- Kenward, R. E., et al.
(författare)
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Identifying governance strategies that effectively support ecosystem services, resource sustainability, and biodiversity
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 108:13, s. 5308-5312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conservation scientists, national governments, and international conservation groups seek to devise, and implement, governance strategies that mitigate human impact on the environment. However, few studies to date have systematically investigated the performance of different systems of governance in achieving successful conservation outcomes. Here, we use a newly-developed analytic framework to conduct analyses of a suite of case studies, linking different governance strategies to standardized scores for delivering ecosystem services, achieving sustainable use of natural resources, and conserving biodiversity, at both local and international levels. Our results: (i) confirm the benefits of adaptive management; and (ii) reveal strong associations for the role of leadership. Our work provides a critical step toward implementing empirically justified governance strategies that are capable of improving the management of human-altered environments, with benefits for both biodiversity and people.
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| 6. |
- Melder, Cecilia A, T.Dr. 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Health Promotion Intervention : with Emphasis on Existential Aspects of Quality of Life for Adolescents
- 2016
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Ingår i: 8th Nordic Health Promotion Research Conference. - Jyväskylä, Finland. ; , s. 55-55
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives:This presentation introduces a health promotion initiative emphasising existential issues related to spiritual,religious and personal beliefs [SRPB], undertaken in a Swedish upper secondary school.Background:International research shows that the existential domain accounts for an important part of variation in healthrelatedquality of life [HRQL]. Such findings are worthy of attention in countries like Sweden, which areexperiencing increased mental health problems in adolescents, and where traditional arenas for existentialissues, such as religion and politics, play decreasing roles in everyday life for young people. In 2002, WHOintroduced an instrument for measuring HRQL comprising physical, psychological, levels of independence,social relationship, environmental, and SRPB facets (WHOQOL-SRPB). The BREF versions of the instrumentwere developed from this, with 32 items.Material & Methods:120 students were involved. 45 were selected in three intervention groups with additional school staff, whichmet once a week for eight weeks. Tools were developed to facilitate the participants’ thoughts, feelings andactions regarding issues related to the eight existential SRPB aspects in WHOQOL-SRPB: Spiritualconnection, Meaning and purpose in life, Experience of awe and wonder, Wholeness and integration, Spiritualstrength, Inner peace, Hope and optimism, and Faith. The promotion included cards for staff-supervised groupdiscussions related to existential issues. Interim tasks were also distributed between the meetings that focusedon each theme. The control groups continued with student centred conversations as normal, during the time.Results & Conclusion:A mixed-method evaluation follows the classic before and after design with control groups. Qualitative datawas generated from focus groups with students and staff, and quantitative data was based on a modified andpsychometrically tested adolescent version of the WHOQOL-SRPB BREF instrument. This presentation willfocus on the basis of the intervention procedures, including the tools related to the existential domaindeveloped for this intervention.
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| 7. |
- Melder, Cecilia A, T.Dr. 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring adolescents health-related quality of life [HRQL] in a secular context-introducing a Swedish WHOQOL-SRPB-adolescent instrument
- 2016
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Ingår i: Quality of Life Research. - 0962-9343 .- 1573-2649. ; 25, s. 88-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To present the adaptation of the WHOQOL-SRPB (BREF) for Swedish adolescents, emphasising the qualitative process with existentialissues. This is important when understanding adolescentHRQL, especially in Sweden, one of the most secularised countries inthe world where traditional arenas for existential issues, such asreligion and politics, play decreasing roles.Methods:Valid andreliable instruments for measuring adolescent HRQL that alsoincludes existential issues are rare. An English (UK) version ofWHOQOL-BREF has been tested on adolescents, but is neitherculturally validated to a Swedish context nor does it address theexistential domain. Recently, the WHOQOL-SRPB and WHOQOLSRPB-BREF has been translated the Swedish adult context, butrequires adaptation towards younger people. WHO ResearchInstructions for pre-testing and cognitive interviewing guided translationand adaption was followed. Based on students between 15 and19 years old, the instrument was tested in two steps; surveys, andinterviews with focus groups. Firstly, 94 students answered theoriginal questionnaire, and then two focus groups were organized,focusing on relevance, understanding and equivalency of the SRPBfacet. Secondly, a revised WHOQOL-SRPB-adolescent form wastested among 112 students, and two new groups were interviewed,focusing on understanding and relevance.Results: First interviewsindicated that SRPB items Meaning, Awe, Wholeness, Peace andHope were possible for the students to understand. Faith, SpiritualConnection, and Spiritual Strength items were mostly interpreted intraditionally religious terms, rather than according to the WHOQOLSRPBperspective (which also includes secular beliefs). Studentssuggested alternative wording which resulted in replacing some of theSRPB-BREF items with other items from the same SRPB facet, andincluding a item to replace the sex item. Using the revised instrument,the students understanding was found to be good, although theirinterpretation of ‘‘Spiritual’’ and ‘‘Faith’’ was still primarily religious,spiritual and not related to secular belief. The students emphasizedthat the survey was good and fun to answer; they considered theSRPB items relevant for understanding their HRQL.Conclusions:Our results shows the importance of empirically-based, qualitativeprocess adaptation of the WHO instruments to specific cultural(secularised) contexts and demographics, in order to better access andunderstand existential HRQL among adolescents.
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| 8. |
- Pihl, Leif, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Shift in fish assemblage structure due to loss of seagrass Zostera marina habitats in Sweden
- 2006
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Ingår i: Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science. - London : Elsevier BV. - 0272-7714 .- 1096-0015. ; 67:1-2, s. 123-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The areal extent of Zostera marina in the archipelago of the Swedish Skagerrak has decreased by 60% over two decades. To investigate the effects of Z. marina loss on the local fish assemblages, the fish fauna was compared between existing seagrass beds and sites where seagrass had vanished. A field study was carried out at four shallow locations in the outer archipelago of the coast in June 2004. Within each location two sites were sampled, one with an existing Z. marina bed and another where Z. marina had disappeared. Fish were sampled semi-quantitatively with a beach seine. Samples were taken during both day and night and captured fish were examined to species, enumerated and measured in the field, and released thereafter. The number of fish species was found to be significantly higher in Z. marina habitats compared to areas where seagrass was missing, and density and biomass of fish were generally lower in areas dominated by bare sediment compared to those in the seagrass habitats. Several species and groups of fishes (i.e., gadoids, labrids, syngnathids) were absent or occurred in low densities at sites where Z. marina was missing. For example, juvenile 0-group cod density was reduced by 96% at sites where Z. marina had disappeared. Such a reduction in recruitment of cod is in the same order of magnitude as the combined effect of seal predation and mortality due to by-catches in the eel fyke-net fishery estimated for the archipelago of the Swedish Skagerrak. Hence, the results clearly indicate a shift in the fish assemblage, including a loss of taxa at the family level as a result of degradation in habitat-forming vegetation. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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