| 1. |
- Hasan, Mohammad I., et al.
(författare)
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Modeling the extraction of sputtered metal from high power impulse hollow cathode discharges
- 2013
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Ingår i: Plasma sources science & technology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0963-0252 .- 1361-6595. ; 22:3, s. 035006-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High power impulse hollow cathode sputtering is studied as a means to produce high fluxes of neutral and ionized sputtered metal species. A model is constructed for the understanding and optimization of such discharges. It relates input parameters such as the geometry of the cathode, the electric pulse form and frequency, and the feed gas flow rate and pressure, to the production, ionization, temperature and extraction of the sputtered species. Examples of processes that can be quantified by the use of the model are the internal production of sputtered metal and the degree of its ionization, the speed and efficiency of out-puffing from the hollow cathode associated with the pulses, and the gas back-flow into the hollow cathode between pulses. The use of the model is exemplified with a special case where the aim is the synthesis of nanoparticles in an expansion volume that lies outside the hollow cathode itself. The goals are here a maximum extraction efficiency, and a high degree of ionization of the sputtered metal. It is demonstrated that it is possible to reach a degree of ionization above 85%, and extraction efficiencies of 3% and 17% for the neutral and ionized sputtered components, respectively.
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| 3. |
- Andersen, Paul Krüger, et al.
(författare)
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Response to the Proposal for a Directive on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence by Nordic and Baltic Company Law Scholars
- 2022
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- On February 23, 2022, The EU Commission published its Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence and amending Directive (EU) 2019/1937 (“CSDDD” or “the Proposal”). The purpose of the Proposal, to further the “Union’s transition to a climate-neutral and green economy in line with the European Green Deal and in delivering on the UN Sustainable Development Goals”, is of great importance, and the Commission’s initiative is therefore commendable. However, it is our firm opinion that the Proposal should not be enacted in its present form, and that if it were to be, it would not only damage European businesses but also run the risk of having an adverse effect on both the transition to a climate-neutral economy as well as the goal of delivering on the UN Sustainable Development Goals. This is to a large extent because many of the Proposal’s provisions are excessive, unfounded and disproportionate and as such in violation of the fundamental principles of subsidiarity and proportionality safeguarded by Art. 5 TEU as well as having a questionable basis in Art. 50 TFEU. Furthermore and in regard of procedure, we find that the presentation of the Proposal by the Commission represents a disregard for the principles of better regulation that should not pass unnoticed and must be observed in the future to maintain trust in the legislative process of the Union.In this response to the consultation, we have presented an analysis of the key issues of the Proposal from a corporate governance perspective. We have divided the response into two parts: one on the pure corporate governance parts of the Proposal (article 15, 25 and 26) and one of the due diligence parts of the Proposal. With regards to the corporate governance parts of the Proposal, our conclusion is that they, by and large, should not be included in the proposed directive at all. Including them would in several ways be in breach of the EU principles on subsidiarity and proportionality, but perhaps more importantly, they are not only unsubstantiated by available empirical evidence on corporate behaviour, but also refuted by what we know. There is also good reason to believe that the proposed rules on director’s duties and environmental remuneration would risk decreasing the effectiveness of the stock markets within the EU contrary to the goal of a Capital Market Union, which also risk slowing down the necessary transition to a green economy and the goals of the EU Green Deal. The regulation necessary for the Capital Market Union and the EU Green Deal should complement each other, not collide as would be the outcome if the Proposal is adopted in its present form.With regards to the due diligence parts of the Proposal, our criticism is limited to corporate governance aspects and far less fundamental. We primarily believe that grounds for harmonisation needs further consideration in the present very challenging times, that Article 22 on Civil Liability might in several ways be counter-productive to the goals of the Proposal, that the effects on SMEs as well as for the financial companies included covered by the Proposal warrants further analysis, that the choice to focus the Proposal on individual companies instead of company groups needs to be reviewed, and that a risk based approach should be taken rather than an approach were companies are unable to focus their efforts to where they can be most effective. Overall, these issues can be worked out, but if they are not, then the proposed directive would not only have a severe adverse impact on EU companies and possibly capital markets, but might actually hinder EU companies from acting in the way that the Proposal aims for them to do.This joint response to the public consultation is made by a group of Nordic and Baltic company law scholars who, although we may not agree on every detail, do share the main arguments and grave concerns expressed here.
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| 6. |
- Baránková, Hana, et al.
(författare)
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Cold Atmospheric Plasma in Nitrogen and Air Generated by the Hybrid Plasma Source
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. A. Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films. - : American Vacuum Society. - 0734-2101 .- 1520-8559. ; 24:4, s. 1410-1413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Generation of long plumes of cold atmospheric plasma in nitrogen and air has been successfully performed by the hybrid hollow electrode activated discharge (H-HEAD) source. The source with a simple cylindrical electrode terminated by a gas nozzle combines the microwave antenna plasma with the hollow cathode plasma generated inside the gas nozzle by pulsed dc power. The H-HEAD source is capable of generating up to 10 cm long plumes in air at microwave powers below 500 W and at air flow rates as low as 100 sccm (standard cubic centimeter per minute). The corresponding flow rates in the nitrogen plasma are even less than 80 sccm. The discharges in air and nitrogen have similar shapes and are comparable with the corresponding plasma columns in argon. A comparison of the optical emission spectra of the plasma in nitrogen and air is presented. The temperatures generated on steel substrates by interaction with nitrogen and air plasma columns at different microwaves and dc powers are compared with the corresponding effects in argon plasma.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Barker-Ruchti, Natalie, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Trends and Issues that are Changing Sport and Physical Education: Social Scientific Perspectives
- 2018
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Ingår i: Svensk Beteendevetenskaplig Idrottsforsknings konferens (SVEBI).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduktion/Introduction In line with the conference theme of ‘Trends and issues that are changing sport and physical education: Social scientific perspectives’, this thematic session focuses on a trend in sports coaching – scientisation and technologisation of training. Syfte & teoretisk ram/Aim and theoretical framework The aim of this thematic session is to critically consider how the scientisation and technologisation of training affects athletes, athlete learning and coaches, and through this, consider needs for coaching research and coach education. Metod/Method The session brings together three presentations. First, Daniel Svensson historicises the scientisation of training in Sweden. Second, Tor Söderström explores what elite athletes think about physiological tests and how useful they find them to be. Third, Natalie Barker-Ruchti presents data of training science developments at one academic institution. In conclusion of the session, recommendations for research and education are presented. Resultat/Results Physiological knowledge influences Swedish athletes’ training since the 1940s. With the establishment of national sports high schools in 1971, Sweden has created an infrastructure for scientific tests and methods at the (sub-)elite level of sport. In recent years, sport science has continued to develop technologies to test athletes (e.g., match analysis, movement analysis, genetic testing) and at present, these tests experience a boom. Sports organisations, coaches, coaching students, athletes, and parents are increasingly eager to learn about and adopt its tests. Such tests, however, predominantly serve as checkpoints or single indicator of fitness, and thus for most athletes, have little or no importance with respect to how they evaluate and plan their training. Diskussion och slutsatser/Discussion and conclusions Physiological tests and scientifically based training methods are today mainstream. Coaches who do not understand or employ such methods may be sidelined as ‘old school’. The application of physiological tests and performance analysis methods has, however, a number of perils. First, the history of scientisation demonstrates that not all athletes and coaches accept scientific knowledge, and instead favor experiential methods. This dilemma between old and new risks creating conflict between stakeholders. Second, ethical questions problematise the appropriateness of testing young athletes. The argument here is that performance and genetic testing violates the child athlete’s right to an open sport experience and future. Third, the scientisation and its recent technological advancements have received very little critical scientific reflection. The objectification of athletes, testing as control mechanisms, and the lack of athlete learning in response, represent key concerns. Fourth, researchers from training science disciplines and coaching have spent little time discussing the integration of training science and coaching pedagogy. Coach education programs thus continue to cover its sciences individually, which may make it difficult for coaches to understand how they can implement training science in pedagogical ways. Our recommendations for training and coaching researchers, and education providers are to (a) consider and understand the perils of physiological tests and scientifically based training methods, and experiential coaching respectively; (b) seek discussion to develop training science pedagogy; and (c) develop coach education materials to prepare coaches to use training science to benefit athlete performance and education.
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| 9. |
- Daley, Daniel O., et al.
(författare)
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FtsZ does not initiate membrane constriction at the onset of division
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The source of constriction required for division of a bacterial cell remains enigmatic. FtsZ is widely believed to be a key player, because in vitro experiments indicate that it can deform liposomes when membrane tethered. However in vivo evidence for such a role has remained elusive as it has been challenging to distinguish the contribution of FtsZ from that of peptidoglycan-ingrowth. To differentiate between these two possibilities we studied the early stages of division in Escherichia coli, when FtsZ is present at the division site but peptidoglycan synthesizing enzymes such as FtsI and FtsN are not. Our approach was to use correlative cryo-fluorescence and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-CLEM) to monitor the localization of fluorescently labeled FtsZ, FtsI or FtsN correlated with the septal ultra-structural geometry in the same cell. We noted that the presence of FtsZ at the division septum is not sufficient to deform membranes. This observation suggests that, although FtsZ can provide a constrictive force, the force is not substantial at the onset of division. Conversely, the presence of FtsN always correlated with membrane invagination, indicating that allosteric activation of peptidoglycan ingrowth is the trigger for constriction of the cell envelope during cell division in E. coli.
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| 10. |
- Hedestig, Ulf, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges in Using IoT in Public Spaces
- 2020
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Ingår i: 3rd EAI International Conference on IoT in Urban Space. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030289249 - 9783030289256 ; , s. 31-43
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past decades a number of new perspectives on public administration have emerged, for instance New Public Service, New Public Governance, and Digital Era Governance. Several of these perspectives seem to have the concept of co-production in common, implying that the public sector engages citizens to take part in the design and execution of services. A rather new way to achieve co-production in the public sector has been to utilize crowdsourcing or social media monitoring. However, the way these “methods” have been implemented in public sector is often associated with difficulties, and to overcome some of them we propose an Internet of Things (IoT) approach that hopefully will create improved conditions for data-driven business development. At present, the approach is tested in a local government in northern Sweden in which we have set up a Low Power Wide Area Network designed for wireless battery-operated sensors. Although the test is still in an initial stage, results so far are promising and using sensor data in business development may be one way to improve public sector services. However, our test also shows that there are some issues that are of importance when designing and using IoT in public spaces. We conclude by suggesting that the concept of affordance can be useful to understand how we design and implement sensors in public spaces.
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