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- Choularton, T. W., et al.
(författare)
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The Great Dun Fell Cloud Experiment 1993 : An overview
- 1997
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - 1352-2310. ; 31:16, s. 2393-2405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 1993 Ground-based Cloud Experiment on Great Dun Fell used a wide range of measurements of trace gases, aerosol particles and cloud droplets at five sites to study their sources and sinks especially those in cloud. These measurements have been interpreted using a variety of models. The conclusions add to our knowledge of air pollution, acidification of the atmosphere and the ground, eutrophication and climate change. The experiment is designed to use the hill cap cloud as a flow-through reactor, and was conducted in varying levels of pollution typical of much of the rural temperate continental northern hemisphere in spring-time.
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| 5. |
- Bergman, Lina, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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PROVE-Pre-Eclampsia Obstetric Adverse Events: Establishment of a Biobank and Database for Pre-Eclampsia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cells. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4409. ; 10:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pre-eclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The burden of disease lies mainly in low-middle income countries. The aim of this project is to establish a pre-eclampsia biobank in South Africa to facilitate research in the field of pre-eclampsia with a focus on phenotyping severe disease.The approach of our biobank is to collect biological specimens, detailed clinical data, tests, and biophysical examinations, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, MRI of the heart, transcranial Doppler, echocardiography, and cognitive function tests.Women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia and normotensive controls are enrolled in the biobank at admission to Tygerberg University Hospital (Cape Town, South Africa). Biological samples and clinical data are collected at inclusion/delivery and during the hospital stay. Special investigations as per above are performed in a subset of women. After two months, women are followed up by telephonic interviews. This project aims to establish a biobank and database for severe organ complications of pre-eclampsia in a low-middle income country where the incidence of pre-eclampsia with organ complications is high. The study integrates different methods to investigate pre-eclampsia, focusing on improved understanding of pathophysiology, prediction of organ complications, and potentially future drug evaluation and discovery.
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| 6. |
- Broering Chaar, Ana Beatriz, et al.
(författare)
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Microstructural influence of the thermal behavior of arc deposited TiAlN coatings with high aluminum content
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 854
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of the microstructure on the thermal behavior of cathodic arc deposited TiAlN coatings was studied as a function of isothermal annealing. Two compositionally similar but structurally different coatings were compared, a Ti0·34Al0·66N0.96 coating with a fine-grain structure consisting of a mixture of cubic (c) and hexagonal (h) phases, and a Ti0·40Al0·60N0.94 coating with a coarse-grain structure of cubic phase. By in situ wide-angle synchrotron x-ray scattering, spinodal decomposition was confirmed in both coatings. The increased amount of internal interfaces lowered the decomposition temperature by 50 °C for the dual-phase coating. During the subsequent isothermal anneal at 1000 °C, a transformation from c-AlN to h-AlN took place in both coatings. After 50 min of isothermal annealing, atom probe tomography detected small amounts of Al (∼2 at.%) in the c-TiN rich domains and small amounts of Ti (∼1 at.%) in the h-AlN rich domains of the coarse-grained single-phase Ti0·40Al0·60N0.94 coating. Similarly, at the same conditions, the fine-grained dual-phase Ti0·34Al0·66N0.96 coating exhibits a higher Al content (∼5 at.%) in the c-TiN rich domains and higher Ti content (∼15 at.%) in the h-AlN rich domains. The study shows that the thermal stability of TiAlN is affected by the microstructure and that it can be used to tune the reaction pathway of decomposition favorably.
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| 7. |
- Cederfelt, S. I., et al.
(författare)
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Field validation of the droplet aerosol analyser
- 1997
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - 1352-2310. ; 31:16, s. 2657-2670
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new instrument for the study of cloud droplets and its relation to aerosol particles, the droplet aerosol analyser (DAA), was for the first time used in a field campaign. The DAA has the unique feature of measuring the ambient size of cloud droplets or cloud interstitial aerosol particles together with the size of its dry residue. This is obtained with a two-parameter data acquisition technique which results in a three-dimensional data set (ambient size, dry residue size, number concentration). The principle and design of the DAA is briefly described. The DAA was intercompared with differential mobility particle sizers, particulate volume monitors and a forward scattering spectrometer probe with respect to interstitial and cloud droplet dry residue size distribution as well as particle-size-dependent scavenging due to cloud droplet nucleation and for cloud droplet number concentration and size distribution and cloud liquid water concentration. Overall, the DAA showed good agreement with respect to all these six aerosol/cloud properties.
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| 8. |
- Chen, Yu-Hsiang, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of decomposition route and microstructure on h-AlN formation rate in TiCrAlN alloys
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 691, s. 1024-1032
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phase evolution of cubic (c), solid solution TixCr-0.37Al1-0.37-x N alloys with x = 0.03 and 0.16, and the kinetics of the hexagonal (h)-AlN formation are studied via in situ wide angle x-ray scattering experiments during high temperature (1000-1150 degrees C) annealing. Spinodal decomposition was observed in Ti0.16Cr0.36Al0.48N while Ti0.03Cr0.38Al0.59N decomposes through nucleation and growth of h-AlN, c-TiN and c-CrAlN. h-AlN is formed from c-CrAlN domains in both cases and the formation rate of h-AlN depends on the stability of the c-CrAlN domains. In Ti0.16Cr0.36Al0.48N, the c-CrAlN domains are stabilized by crystallographic coherency with the surrounding c-TiCrN in a microstructure originating from spinodal decomposition. This results in lower formation rates of h-AlN for this composition. These differences are reflected in higher activation energy for h-AlN formation in Ti0.16Cr0.36Al0.48N compared to Ti0.03Cr0.38Al0.59N. It also points out different stabilities of the intermediate phase c-CrAlN during phase decomposition of TiCrAlN alloys. Additional contributions to the low activation energy for formation of h-AlN in Ti0.03Cr0.38Al0.59N stems from precipitation at grain boundaries. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Fuzzi, S., et al.
(författare)
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The Po Valley Fog Experiment 1989
- 1992
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Ingår i: Tellus. Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. - : Stockholm University Press. - 0280-6509. ; 44:5, s. 448-468
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An outline is presented here of the Po Valley Fog Experiment 1989, carried out within the EUROTRAC‐GCE project. This experiment is a joint effort by several European research groups from 5 countries. The physical and chemical behaviour of the fog multiphase system was studied experimentally following the temporal evolution of the relevant chemical species in the different phases (gas, droplet, interstitial aerosol) and the evolution of micrometeorological and microphysical conditions, from the pre‐fog situation through the whole fog evolution, to the post‐fog period. Some general results, useful for describing the general features of the fog system, are presented here, while specific scientific questions on the different processes taking place within the system itself will be addressed in other companion papers of this same issue.
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| 10. |
- Hodge, David B., et al.
(författare)
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Soluble and insoluble solids contributions to high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose
- 2008
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 99:18, s. 8940-8948
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rates and extents of enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis of dilute acid pretreated corn stover (PCS) decline with increasing slurry concentration. However, mass transfer limitations are not apparent until insoluble solids concentrations approach 20% w/w, indicating that inhibition of enzyme hydrolysis at lower solids concentrations is primarily due to soluble components. Consequently, the inhibitory effects of pH-adjusted pretreatment liquor on the enzymatic hydrolysis of PCS were investigated. A response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to empirically model how hydrolysis performance varied as a function of enzyme loading (12-40 mg protein/g cellulose) and insoluble solids concentration (5-13%) in full-slurry hydrolyzates. Factorial design and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were also used to assess the contribution of the major classes of soluble components (acetic acid, phenolics, furans, sugars) to total inhibition. High sugar concentrations (130 g/L total initial background sugars) were shown to be the primary cause of performance inhibition, with acetic acid (15 g/L) only slightly inhibiting enzymatic hydrolysis and phenolic compounds (9 g/L total including vanillin, syringaldehyde, and 4-hydroxycinnamic acid) and furans (8 g/L total of furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural, HMF) with only a minor effect on reaction kinetics. It was also demonstrated that this enzyme inhibition in high-solids PCS slurries can be approximated using a synthetic hydrolyzate composed of pure sugars supplemented with a mixture of acetic acid, furans, and phenolic compounds, which indicates that generally all of the reaction rate-determining soluble compounds for this system can be approximated synthetically.
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