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- Arun, K. G., et al.
(författare)
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New horizons for fundamental physics with LISA
- 2022
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Ingår i: Living Reviews in Relativity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-8351 .- 2367-3613. ; 25:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) has the potential to reveal wonders about the fundamental theory of nature at play in the extreme gravity regime, where the gravitational interaction is both strong and dynamical. In this white paper, the Fundamental Physics Working Group of the LISA Consortium summarizes the current topics in fundamental physics where LISA observations of gravitational waves can be expected to provide key input. We provide the briefest of reviews to then delineate avenues for future research directions and to discuss connections between this working group, other working groups and the consortium work package teams. These connections must be developed for LISA to live up to its science potential in these areas.
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- Lima, Emilly M., et al.
(författare)
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Deep neural network-estimated electrocardiographic age as a mortality predictor
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electrocardiogram (ECG) is the most commonly used exam for the screening and evaluation of cardiovascular diseases. Here, the authors propose that the age predicted by artificial intelligence from the raw ECG tracing can be a measure of cardiovascular health and provide prognostic information. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is the most commonly used exam for the evaluation of cardiovascular diseases. Here we propose that the age predicted by artificial intelligence (AI) from the raw ECG (ECG-age) can be a measure of cardiovascular health. A deep neural network is trained to predict a patient's age from the 12-lead ECG in the CODE study cohort (n = 1,558,415 patients). On a 15% hold-out split, patients with ECG-age more than 8 years greater than the chronological age have a higher mortality rate (hazard ratio (HR) 1.79, p < 0.001), whereas those with ECG-age more than 8 years smaller, have a lower mortality rate (HR 0.78, p < 0.001). Similar results are obtained in the external cohorts ELSA-Brasil (n = 14,236) and SaMi-Trop (n = 1,631). Moreover, even for apparent normal ECGs, the predicted ECG-age gap from the chronological age remains a statistically significant risk predictor. These results show that the AI-enabled analysis of the ECG can add prognostic information.
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- Shepherd, Rosalie H., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of gas-phase OH radical oxidation and film thickness of organic films at the air-water interface using material extracted from urban, remote and wood smoke aerosol
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Science. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2634-3606. ; 2:4, s. 574-590
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presence of an organic film on a cloud droplet or aqueous aerosol particle has the potential to alter the chemical, optical and physical properties of the droplet or particle. In the study presented, water insoluble organic materials extracted from urban, remote (Antarctica) and wood burning atmospheric aerosol were found to have stable, compressible, films at the air-water interface that were typically similar to 6-18 angstrom thick. These films are reactive towards gas-phase OH radicals and decay exponentially, with bimolecular rate constants for reaction with gas-phase OH radicals of typically 0.08-1.5 x 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). These bimolecular rate constants equate to initial OH radical uptake coefficients estimated to be similar to 0.6-1 except woodsmoke (similar to 0.05). The film thickness and the neutron scattering length density of the extracted atmosphere aerosol material (from urban, remote and wood burning) were measured by neutron reflection as they were exposed to OH radicals. For the first time neutron reflection has been demonstrated as an excellent technique for studying the thin films formed at air-water interfaces from materials extracted from atmospheric aerosol samples. Additionally, the kinetics of gas-phase OH radicals with a proxy compound, the lipid 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) was studied displaying significantly different behaviour, thus demonstrating it is not a good proxy for atmospheric materials that may form films at the air-water interface. The atmospheric lifetimes, with respect to OH radical oxidation, of the insoluble organic materials extracted from atmospheric aerosol at the air-water interface were a few hours. Relative to a possible physical atmospheric lifetime of 4 days, the oxidation of these films is important and needs inclusion in atmospheric models. The optical properties of these films were previously reported [Shepherd et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2018, 18, 5235-5252] and there is a significant change in top of the atmosphere albedo for these thin films on core-shell atmospheric aerosol using the film thickness data and confirmation of stable film formation at the air-water interface presented here.
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