| 1. |
- Bellenberg, Sören, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards Bioleaching of a Vanadium Containing Magnetite for Metal Recovery
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-302X. ; 12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vanadium - a transition metal - is found in the ferrous-ferric mineral, magnetite. Vanadium has many industrial applications, such as in the production of high-strength low-alloy steels, and its increasing global industrial consumption requires new primary sources. Bioleaching is a biotechnological process for microbially catalyzed dissolution of minerals and wastes for metal recovery such as biogenic organic acid dissolution of bauxite residues. In this study, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to identify microorganisms in Nordic mining environments influenced by vanadium containing sources. These data identified gene sequences that aligned to the Gluconobacter genus that produce gluconic acid. Several strategies for magnetite dissolution were tested including oxidative and reductive bioleaching by acidophilic microbes along with dissimilatory reduction by Shewanella spp. that did not yield significant metal release. In addition, abiotic dissolution of the magnetite was tested with gluconic and oxalic acids, and yielded 3.99 and 81.31% iron release as a proxy for vanadium release, respectively. As a proof of principle, leaching via gluconic acid production by Gluconobacter oxydans resulted in a maximum yield of 9.8% of the available iron and 3.3% of the vanadium. Addition of an increased concentration of glucose as electron donor for gluconic acid production alone, or in combination with calcium carbonate to buffer the pH, increased the rate of iron dissolution and final vanadium recoveries. These data suggest a strategy of biogenic organic acid mediated vanadium recovery from magnetite and point the way to testing additional microbial species to optimize the recovery.
|
|
| 2. |
- Broman, Elias, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Diatoms dominate the eukaryotic metatranscriptome during spring in coastal 'dead zone' sediments
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society Publishing. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 284:1864
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important characteristic of marine sediments is the oxygen concentration that affects many central metabolic processes. There has been a widespread increase in hypoxia in coastal systems (referred to as 'dead zones') mainly caused by eutrophication. Hence, it is central to understand the metabolism and ecology of eukaryotic life in sediments during changing oxygen conditions. Therefore, we sampled coastal 'dead zone' Baltic Sea sediment during autumn and spring, and analysed the eukaryotic metatranscriptome from field samples and after incubation in the dark under oxic or anoxic conditions. Bacillariophyta (diatoms) dominated the eukaryotic metatranscriptome in spring and were also abundant during autumn. A large fraction of the diatom RNA reads was associated with the photosystems suggesting a constitutive expression in darkness. Microscope observation showed intact diatom cells and these would, if hatched, represent a significant part of the pelagic phytoplankton biomass. Oxygenation did not significantly change the relative proportion of diatoms nor resulted in any major shifts in metabolic 'signatures'. By contrast, diatoms rapidly responded when exposed to light suggesting that light is limiting diatom development in hypoxic sediments. Hence, it is suggested that diatoms in hypoxic sediments are on 'standby' to exploit the environment if they reach suitable habitats.
|
|
| 3. |
- Broman, Elias, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Oxygenation of Hypoxic Coastal Baltic Sea Sediments Impacts on Chemistry, Microbial Community Composition, and Metabolism
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-302X. ; 8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Baltic Sea has undergone severe eutrophication during the last century, resulting in increased algal blooms and the development of hypoxic bottom waters. In this study, we sampled oxygen deficient sediment cores from a Baltic Sea coastal bay and exposed the bottom water including the sediment surface to oxygen shifts via artificial addition of air during laboratory incubation. Surface sediment (top 1 cm) from the replicate cores were sliced in the field as well as throughout the laboratory incubations and chemical parameters were analyzed along with high throughput sequencing of community DNA and RNA. After oxygenation, dissolved iron decreased in the water overlying the sediment while inorganic sulfur compounds (thiosulfate and tetrathionate) increased when the water was kept anoxic. Oxygenation of the sediment also maintained RNA transcripts attributed to sulfide and sulfur oxidation as well as nitrogen fixation in the sediment surface. Based on 16S rRNA gene and metatranscriptomic analyses it was found that oxygenation of the sediment surface caused a bloom of the Epsilonproteobacteria genus Arcobacter. In addition, the formation of a thick white film was observed that was likely filamentous zero-valent sulfur produced by the Arcobacter spp. Based on these results, sulfur cycling and nitrogen fixation that were evident in the field samples were ongoing during re-oxygenation of the sediment. These processes potentially added organic nitrogen to the system and facilitated the re-establishment of micro- and macroorganism communities in the benthic zone.
|
|
| 4. |
- Eihe, Paula, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of acidification of pig slurry digestate applied on winter rapeseed on the ammonia emission reduction
- 2019
-
Ingår i: XVI-th International youth Science and Environmental Baltic Region Countries Forum 7–9 October 2019, Gdansk, Poland. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). ; , s. 1-6
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Agriculture is the main source of ammonia emissions. It generates around 75% of global emissions of ammonia to the atmosphere and soil fertilisation accounts for half of agricultural emissions. Ammonia emissions have a negative impact on ecosystems and human health, as it is able to accumulate both as solid particles and as an integral part of acid cases. Measures to reduce ammonia emissions can be divided into three large groups: the first group is ammonia-reducing measures in animal housing, the second group is ammonia-reducing measures during manure storage, and the third group is ammonia-reducing measures during the application of manure. Measurements of ammonia emissions were carried out in the parish of Jaunberze, which took place on 30 April and 1 May 2018. Sulphuric acid was used for acidification of pig slurry digestate. Picarro G2508 was used for on field measurement of ammonia concentrations with 1 second interval, a measurement time of one session was 400 seconds. The volume of the chamber was 60 l and was connected to the Picarro G2508 using a 10 m long Teflon tube. The measurement of ammonia emissions was with three repetitions for each measurement, with a reference error of less than 5%. Emissions were measured at different time intervals: immediately after digestate distribution, 2 hours, 4 hours and the 24 hours after digestate application. The emission of ammonia from digestate without vegetation after 24 hours was 13 kg ha-1, for acidified digestate without vegetation 8.5 kg ha -1, while the acidified digestate with vegetation within 24 hours reached 2.5 kg of ha -1 ammonia emissions, five times lower than that of non-vegetation.
|
|
| 5. |
- Hogland, William, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
-
Baltic Phytoremediation - soil remediation with plants
- 2020
-
Ingår i: 17th International Youth Science and Environmental Baltic Region Countries Forum, ECOBALTICA. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The project Baltic Phytoremediation (BAPR), an implementing project of the Interreg South programme, aims to raise cross-border awareness about the availability of green phytoremediation technologies to remove environmental pollutants from soil or water, such as oil, industry-related contaminants, hazardous substances, heavy and toxic metals, nutrients and microplastics, through new arenas of cooperation that focus on circular economy approach. Contamination of land and soil increases and is a serious concern around the Baltic Sea region but further worldwide. The most common remedial technologies for related to the clean-up of soil is excavation, removal and disposal to a contained landfill. Therefore, heavily contaminated soils in landfills, can in some instances, mixing with another disposal of hazardous materials. In the Kalmar, a region of south-eastern Sweden, on the Baltic Sea, the glass waste dumps are removed in such old fashion way with no contribution towards the Circular Economy. The best available remediation strategy is soil washing strategy, an ex-situ technology with a chemical additive application to remove contaminants from the soil and wastewater. Recently, many studies have been carried out encouragingly the phytoremediation processes in different plant species. For instances, food crops, sunflower and Indian mustard are considered as the best plants for phytoremediation, as they have a role in phytoextraction of heavy metals. Phytoremediation research has gained the interest of the scientific society and governments over the last two decades, leading to the development of urban greening and ecology national parks. Orrefors park is one of the largest innovative urban site parks in Sweden with ecologically, socially and economically sustainable way with phytoremediation. The present project aims to explore the combination of phytoextraction with biomass generation and commercial utilization as an energy source, using the ash (bio-ore) that increase energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions. The project includes pilot cases using innovative plant-based phytoremediation methods that cleaning of the contaminated soil.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Sachpazidou, Varvara, et al.
(författare)
-
On The Road to Recovery of Organic Waste into a Growth Substrate - Öland Case Study
- 2020
-
Ingår i: 17th International Youth Science and Environmental Baltic Region Countries Forum, ECOBALTICA. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The CONTRA- Baltic Beach Wrack- Conversion of Nuisance to a Resource and Asset project aims to transform Beach Wrack into a Resource. In collaboration with CONTRA project, the Environmental Science and Engineering Group (ESEG) aims to demonstrate the technological and economic feasibility of using beach wrack raw materials for energy production and bio-based compost as practical approaches towards the circular economy. In the present study, the purpose is to concentrate the nutrients from four different biological materials (beach wrack, sawdust or wood chips, degraded sediments and Coffee powder), through the composting process.
|
|
| 8. |
- Sachpazidou, Varvara, et al.
(författare)
-
The exploration of seaweed biomass as a fuel for energy production
- 2019
-
Ingår i: XVI-th International youth Science and Environmental Baltic Region Countries Forum 7–9 October 2019, Gdansk, Poland. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). ; , s. 1-7
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the long history of coastal people, it has proven to be multiple uses of seaweeds. Commonly used of seaweeds became as fertilizers and soil conditions, as animal and fish feed, as biomass for fuel, as cosmetics, as integrated aquaculture, wastewater treatment for the reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds or for the removal of toxic metals from industrial wastewater. In coastal areas with significantly high sources of algae, withered leaves and parts of the root system of the plants, regularly washed up on the shores, where they accumulate in thick layers mixed with sand and organic residues. Despite the many benefits and seaweed contribution to the protection of coastal ecosystems, coastal municipalities every year at the beginning of the summer season are removing these deposits. Once removed from the shores, this seaweed biomass generally ends up in the landfills. The management of rich seaweed residues on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea in Sweden is aimed at the identification of the seaweed species among the coastal area and its transformation into a green alternative energy source. The present study deals with the exploration of the Baltic Sea biomass as a fuel for energy production. The sources of aquatic bioenergy are analysed, while technologies used to convert aquatic plants to biofuels will be also examined in the near future.
|
|
| 9. |
- Seidel, Laura, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term warming modulates diversity, vertical structuring of microbial communities, and sulfate reduction in coastal Baltic Sea sediments
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-302X. ; 14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coastal waters such as those found in the Baltic Sea already suffer from anthropogenic related problems including increased algal blooming and hypoxia while ongoing and future climate change will likely worsen these effects. Microbial communities in sediments play a crucial role in the marine energy- and nutrient cycling, and how they are affected by climate change and shape the environment in the future is of great interest. The aims of this study were to investigate potential effects of prolonged warming on microbial community composition and nutrient cycling including sulfate reduction in surface (similar to 0.5 cm) to deeper sediments (similar to 24 cm). To investigate this, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed, and sulfate concentrations were measured and compared between sediments in a heated bay (which has been used as a cooling water outlet from a nearby nuclear power plant for approximately 50 years) and a nearby but unaffected control bay. The results showed variation in overall microbial diversity according to sediment depth and higher sulfate flux in the heated bay compared to the control bay. A difference in vertical community structure reflected increased relative abundances of sulfur oxidizing- and sulfate reducing bacteria along with a higher proportion of archaea, such as Bathyarchaeota, in the heated compared to the control bay. This was particularly evident closer to the sediment surface, indicating a compression of geochemical zones in the heated bay. These results corroborate findings in previous studies and additionally point to an amplified effect of prolonged warming deeper in the sediment, which could result in elevated concentrations of toxic compounds and greenhouse gases closer to the sediment surface.
|
|
| 10. |
- Seidel, Laura, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term warming of Baltic Sea coastal waters affects bacterial communities in bottom water and sediments differently
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-302X. ; 13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coastal marine ecosystems are some of the most diverse natural habitats while being highly vulnerable in the face of climate change. The combination of anthropogenic influence from land and ongoing climate change will likely have severe effects on the environment, but the precise response remains uncertain. This study compared an unaffected “control” Baltic Sea bay to a “heated” bay that has undergone artificial warming from cooling water release from a nuclear power plant for ~50 years. This heated the water in a similar degree to IPCC SSP5-8.5 predictions by 2100 as natural systems to study temperature-related climate change effects. Bottom water and surface sediment bacterial communities and their biogeochemical processes were investigated to test how future coastal water warming alters microbial communities; shifts seasonal patterns, such as increased algae blooming; and influences nutrient and energy cycling, including elevated respiration rates. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and geochemical parameters demonstrated that heated bay bottom water bacterial communities were influenced by increased average temperatures across changing seasons, resulting in an overall Shannon's H diversity loss and shifts in relative abundances. In contrast, Shannon's diversity increased in the heated surface sediments. The results also suggested a trend toward smaller-sized microorganisms within the heated bay bottom waters, with a 30% increased relative abundance of small size picocyanobacteria in the summer (June). Furthermore, bacterial communities in the heated bay surface sediment displayed little seasonal variability but did show potential changes of long-term increased average temperature in the interplay with related effects on bottom waters. Finally, heated bay metabolic gene predictions from the 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested raised anaerobic processes closer to the sediment-water interface. In conclusion, climate change will likely alter microbial seasonality and diversity, leading to prolonged and increased algae blooming and elevated respiration rates within coastal waters.
|
|
