| 1. |
- Abel, Pascal, et al.
(författare)
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An anhanguerian pterodactyloid mandible from the lower Valanginian of Northern Germany, and the German record of Cretaceous pterosaurs
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. - : Polska Akademia Nauk Instytut Paleobiologii (Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences). - 0567-7920 .- 1732-2421. ; 66:3, s. S5-S12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The record of Cretaceous pterosaur remains from Germany is sparse. The material recovered to date includes the fragmentary holotypes of Targaryendraco wiedenrothi and Ctenochasma roemeri, as well as a few isolated pterodactyloid teeth and some indeterminate skeletal elements, together with a plaster cast of a large Purbeckopus manus imprint. Here, we report the discovery of a pterodactyloid pterosaur mandible from lower Valanginian strata of the Stadthagen Formation in the Lower Saxony Basin of Northern Germany. Based on the size and spacing of its alveoli, this fossil is attributable to the cosmopolitan Early Cretaceous pteranodontoid clade Anhangueria. Moreover, it represents the first and only known pterosaur from the Valanginian of Germany and is one of only a handful Valanganian pterosaur occurrences presently recognized worldwide. In addition to the approximately coeval Coloborhynchus clavirostris from the Hastings Bed Group of southern England, the Stadthagen Formation pterosaur mandible is among the stratigraphically oldest identifiable anhanguerians.
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| 2. |
- Alhalabi, Wafa A., et al.
(författare)
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Recovering lost time in Syria : New Late Cretaceous (Coniacian-Santonian) elasmosaurid remains from the Palmyrides mountain chain
- 2024
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Ingår i: Cretaceous research (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0195-6671 .- 1095-998X. ; 159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite its relatively limited vertebrate fossil record, Syria currently records the largest number of documented Mesozoic marine reptile occurrences among the Middle Eastern countries. In particular, the phosphatic deposits of the Palmyrides mountain chain have yielded fossils of aquatic squamates, bothremydid and chelonioid marine turtles, as well as elasmosaurid plesiosaurs. Nevertheless, new discoveries have not been reported for the last two decades. Here, we describe the partial skeleton of an elasmosaurid plesiosaur from Syria, which comprises the middle and posterior cervical series, together with articulated pectoral, dorsal and anterior caudal parts of the vertebral column, with associated rib fragments. The fossil was excavated from Coniacian-Santonian phosphatic deposits of the Al Sawaneh el Charquieh mines, in the central part of the southwestern Palmyrides, about 200 km northeast of Damascus. The specimen can be assigned to Elasmosauridae based on the cervical centra morphology and, although incomplete, is significant because it not only represents likely the oldest, but also the currently most complete plesiosaur skeleton recovered from the Middle East. (c) 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Madzia, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Morphological and phylogenetic aspects of the dentition of Megacephalosaurus eulerti, a pliosaurid from the Turonian of Kansas, USA, with remarks on the cranial anatomy of the taxon
- 2019
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Ingår i: Geological Magazine. - 0016-7568. ; 156:7, s. 1201-1216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Megacephalosaurus eulerti is a large macropredatory plesiosaur representing one of the last members of the diverse pliosaurid clade Brachaucheninae. The taxon was established upon a nearly complete skull including the mandible and fragments of the postcranial skeleton originating from the lower middle Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) of Kansas, USA. Owing to its age, reasonable completeness and its state of preservation, M. eulerti bears important anatomical details regarding the last brachauchenines. Here we assess the dentition of the taxon, compare the teeth to those of other thalassophonean pliosaurids and comment on the utility of these results for inferences of the phylogenetic relationships of the last brachauchenines. Additionally, we provide remarks on the cranial anatomy of M. eulerti, revise character scores of this taxon used in current phylogenetic studies and address the phylogenetic relationships within Brachaucheninae. Parsimony analyses, aimed to test different character sampling and tree-search strategy, inferred only a single unambiguous synapomorphy uniting a clade formed by mid- to Late Cretaceous brachauchenines: presence of subcircular rather than subtrihedral/trihedral cross-sectional shape of the teeth. Still, the last brachauchenines (Brachauchenius and Megacephalosaurus) can be roughly characterized by a switch from anisodont to subisodont dentition and reduction of their tooth count. Nevertheless, the overall knowledge of the origin, phylogenetic relationships and distinguishability of brachauchenine pliosaurids remains poor and represents a subject for further extensive studies and modifications in taxon and character sampling.
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| 4. |
- Reiss, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Filling the biostratigraphical gap : First choristoderan from the Lower - mid-Cretaceous interval of Europe
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cretaceous research (Print). - : ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0195-6671 .- 1095-998X. ; 96, s. 135-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Choristodera is a Glade of extinct aquatic reptiles whose fossils have been found in freshwater and marginal marine deposits from Europe, Asia and North America. The European record is the most extensive, spanning at least the Middle Jurassic to early Miocene, and incorporates the stratigraphically oldest and youngest members of the group. Despite this, there is an unexplained-70 myr gap in European choristoderan fossil occurrences. Here we fill this hiatus with the discovery of an isolated choristoderan dorsal vertebra from the lower Cenomanian 'Rotkalk' red limestone facies of the Essen Greensand Formation in Wilhelm/Ruhr, North Rhine-Westphalia, western Germany. This specimen represents the first identifiable European choristoderan from the Kimmeridgian-Campanian interval, and displays a diagnostic state combination including an amphiplatyan centrum with synapophyses on the transverse processes that are level with the neurocentral suture. The palaeobiogeographical distribution of choristoderans thus likely transected the entire Laurasian landmass throughout the Cretaceous, with perceived stratigraphical interstices being a result of incomplete sampling.
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| 5. |
- Sachs, Mikkel Lindskov, et al.
(författare)
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Danish Physicians' Views on the Appropriateness of the Involvement of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Regulatory Decision Making : A Qualitative Study.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Pharmaceutical Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1178-2595 .- 1179-1993. ; 33:2, s. 99-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Regulators, the pharmaceutical industry, and patient organizations expect an increased inclusion of patients' risk preferences in medical regulatory decisions, for example, with regard to market approval. Merging of input from patients with, for example, multiple sclerosis, with expertise from health professionals in regulatory decisions has already occurred. The complex task of involving larger and more heterogeneous patient populations (e.g. with diabetes mellitus, asthma), however, remains.OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to understand physicians' experiences with factors influencing patients with diabetes mellitus perceived risks of their medicines and to explore how physicians, based on these experiences, perceive patients with diabetes to be suited for involvement in regulatory decisions. This study will provide knowledge that can improve the inclusion of heterogeneous patient groups in regulatory decisions.METHODS: We conducted five semi-structured interviews with physicians with different types of experiences with patients' risk perceptions (for example, being in contact with individual patients vs. being involved in developing guidelines at the population level) and one focus group interview with eight general practitioners in Sjælland, Denmark. We applied a thematic analysis to explore physicians' experiences of the risk perceptions of patients with type 2 diabetes and their perceptions of patients' fitness for involvement in regulatory decisions.RESULTS: The risk perceptions and preferences of patients with diabetes were perceived to be rather diverse. Four drivers behind this diversity were described: past experiences, personality, prognosis ability, and knowledge. The legitimacy of patient preferences was not questioned, but the diversity of risk perceptions made the respondents question the existence of a uniform 'patient voice' useful for regulatory decision making.CONCLUSION: The respondents acknowledged the relevance and legitimacy of the patient perspective, but it was a concern that patient risk perceptions, at present, are too diverse to be included in regulatory decisions. Whether patients make regulatory decisions as perceived by physicians needs to be confirmed by future studies.
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| 6. |
- Sachs, Mikkel Lindskov, et al.
(författare)
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Risk Perceptions in Diabetic Patients Who Have Experienced Adverse Events : Implications for Patient Involvement in Regulatory Decisions.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Pharmaceutical Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1178-2595 .- 1179-1993. ; 31:4, s. 245-255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Increasingly, patients are expected to influence decisions previously reserved for regulatory agencies, pharmaceutical companies, and healthcare professionals. Individual patients have previously represented their patient population when rare, serious adverse events (AEs) were weighed as part of a benefit-risk assessment. However, the degree of heterogeneity of the patient population is critical for how accurately they can be represented by individuals.OBJECTIVES: This study aims to explore patients' risk perception of rare, serious adverse effects of medicines with regard to blood glucose-lowering antidiabetics used by the individual patient.METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 patients with diabetes with self-perceived serious, but not necessarily rare, AEs (e.g. stroke or valve or bypass surgery). The interviews explored the patients' history of disease, perceptions of the terms rare and serious, and overall levels of risk aversion. A thematic analysis of the interviews, including a consensus discussion, was carried out.RESULTS: Interestingly, respondents rarely made a clear distinction between medicines-induced AEs and complications related to disease progression. Concerns regarding AEs were apparently diverse but were systematically related to the personal experiences of the respondents. Respondents routinely ignored information about possible rare, serious AEs, unless it could be related to personal experience. In the absence of experience, concerns were focused on common and less serious AEs, thus disregarding rare and more serious events.CONCLUSION: The study suggests that experience of AEs, related to either medicines or disease, constitutes an important factor of patient risk perception. We therefore propose that serious adverse experiences should be added to the traditional panel of socioeconomic factors that are accounted for when patients are invited to give input on regulatory decisions.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Sachs, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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A New Basal Elasmosaurid (Sauropterygia: Plesiosauria) From The Lower Cretaceous Of Germany
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0272-4634 .- 1937-2809. ; 37:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we report on a new basal elasmosaurid plesiosaurian, Lagenanectes richterae, gen. et sp. nov., from the Lower Cretaceous (probably Upper Hauterivian) of Germany. The material includes a partial skull (cranium and mandible), the atlas-axis complex, additional cervical vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, an ilium, and limb elements. The basioccipital and atlas intercentrum are pathologically deformed, probably due to an osteomyelitic infection. Two potential autapomorphies were found in the mandible: (1) the alveolar margin at the symphysis is laterally expanded with the rostral-most alveoli being markedly procumbent and situated along the lateral margins of the dentaries; and (2) the ventral midline at the symphysis is produced into a prominent wedge-shaped platform indented by numerous irregular pits. Lagenanectes richterae, gen. et sp. nov., also shows a number of typical elasmosaurid traits, including a longitudinal lateral ridge on the cervical vertebral centra (although a ventral notch is absent) and teeth with oval cross-sections. Lagenanectes richterae, gen. et sp. nov., is one of the best-preserved plesiosaurians from the Lower Cretaceous of Europe.
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| 9. |
- Sachs, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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A partial plesiosaurian braincase from the Upper Cretaceous of Sweden
- 2016. - 1
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Ingår i: Geological Society Special Publication. - 0305-8719. ; 434:1, s. 293-301
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A partial exoccipital-opisthotic from the uppermost lower Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of the Åsen locality, Kristianstad Basin, southernmost Sweden, is described and illustrated. The fossil represents the first braincase element of a plesiosaur found in Sweden. It includes the chamber for the ampulla and utriculus, openings for the caudal vertical and horizontal semicircular canals, and four foramina for cranial nerves. The incomplete braincase can be referred to an elasmosaurid plesiosaur, and closely resembles the exoccipital-opisthotic of Libonectes morgani and a referred specimen of Aristonectes parvidens. Although we discuss putative postcranial material of the elasmosaurid subfamily Aristonectinae in the uppermost lower Campanian of southernmost Sweden, the exoccipital-opisthotic from Åsen most likely belongs to a juvenile individual of a non-aristonectine elasmosaur.
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| 10. |
- Sachs, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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A rare new Pliensbachian plesiosaurian from the Amaltheenton Formation of Bielefeld in northwestern Germany
- 2018
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Ingår i: Alcheringa. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0311-5518 .- 1752-0754. ; 42:4, s. 487-500
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sachs, S. & Kear, B.P. November 2018. A rare new Pliensbachian plesiosaurian from the Amaltheenton Formation of Bielefeld in northwestern Germany. Alcheringa 42, 487-500. ISSN 0311-5518.We describe a new plesiosaurian from the upper Pliensbachian Amaltheenton Formation of Bielefeld in northwestern Germany. The taxon is based upon an incomplete associated skeleton comprising part of the right mandibular ramus, several teeth, a series of cervical, pectoral, dorsal and caudal vertebrae, as well as ribs, limb girdle elements including a nearly complete right scapula, and various distal limb bones. A unique character state combination serves to distinguish the Amaltheenton Formation remains from other previously documented Early Jurassic plesiosaurians. The most important features are the presence of a longitudinal notch incising the posterior rim of the glenoid fossa and retroarticular process, and a pronounced ventrolateral shelf on the scapula, both of which constitute derived states otherwise shared with Early Cretaceous leptocleidians. However, phylogenetic analysis using a total group' Plesiosauria data-set that specifically accommodates for Pliensbachian taxa unanimously placed the Amaltheenton Formation plesiosaurian among Early-Middle Jurassic pliosaurids. This discovery is significant because it reveals unexpected homoplasy, but also because it establishes what is only the third formally named plesiosaurian taxon thus far documented from Pliensbachian strata worldwide.
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