| 1. |
- Zhang, Pimin, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of surface finish on the initial oxidation of HVAF-sprayed NiCoCrAlY coatings
- 2019
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - Elsevier : Elsevier BV. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 364, s. 43-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxide scale formed on HVAF-sprayed NiCoCrAlY coatings and the effect of surface treatment were investigated by a multi-approach study combining photo-stimulated luminescence, microstructural observation and mass gain. The initial oxidationbehaviour of as-sprayed, polished and shot-peened coatings at 1000 °C is studied. Both polished and shot-peened coatings exhibited superior performance due to rapid formation of α-Al2O3 fully covering the coating and suppressing the growth of transient alumina, assisted by a high density of α-Al2O3 nuclei on surface treatment induced defects. Moreover, the fast development of a two-layer alumina scale consisting of an inward-grown inner α-Al2O3 layer and an outer layer transformed from outward-grown transient alumina resulted in a higher oxide growth rate of the as-sprayed coating.
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| 2. |
- Clement, C., et al.
(författare)
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Corrosion behavior of HVAF- and HVOF-sprayed high-chromium Fe-based coatings
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fe-based coatings with three particular elemental compositions and two different powder particle size were prepared by high-velocity air fuel (HVAF) and high-velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) techniques. The corrosion behavior of which were comparatively studied in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The results indicated that the coatings produced by HVAF process exhibited denser structure with lower porosity. Polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests indicated that the HVAF coatings provided better corrosion resistance than the HVOF coatings. The presence of defects was significant in HVOF coatings. The investigation illustrated that the corrosion paths initiated and grow through defects of the coating. Furthermore, adding Cr strongly improved the corrosion resistance of the coatings. The results confirmed that the cheap HVAF process could be a potential alternative to HVOF to fabricate Fe-based coatings for industrial applications.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Jafari, R., et al.
(författare)
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KCI-induced corrosion behavior of HVAF-sprayed Ni-based coatings in ambient air
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference & Exposition (ITSC 2017). - : Curran Associates, Inc.. - 9781510858220 ; , s. 946-950
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well known that the presence of KCl deposited on superheater tubes in biomass- and waste-fired boilers leads to a severe corrosion and premature damage. In order to protect such critical components which are routinely exposed to aggressive environments, thermal spray coatings are frequently proposed as a potential solution. By virtue of the techno-commercial benefits that provides as a direct outcome of its ability to cost-effectively deposit coatings virtually free of porosity and in situ formed oxides, the high velocity air-fuel (HVAF) process offers a particularly attractive approach. In the present work, the influence of KCl on the oxidation behavior of four HVAF-sprayed Ni-based coatings (Ni21Cr, Ni5AI, Ni21Cr7AI1Y, and Ni21Cr9Mo) has been investigated. The coatings were deposited onto specimens of 16Mo3 steel, a widely used boiler tube material. High temperature corrosion tests were carried out in ambient air at 600°C, with 0.1 mg/cm2 KCl being sprayed onto the samples prior to the exposure. Uncoated substrates and an identical test environment without KCl were used as reference. SEM/EDS and XRD techniques were utilized to characterize the as-sprayed and exposed samples. The results showed that the small addition of KCl significantly accelerated damage to the coatings. It was further revealed that the alumina-forming NiAl coating was capable of forming a more protective oxide scale compared to other chromia and mixed-oxide scale forming coatings. In general, the oxidation resistance of the coatings based on the kinetic studies had the following ranking (from the best to the worst): NiAl >NiCr> NiCrAlY> NiCrMo. © Copyright 2017 by DVS Media GmbH. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Jafari, Reza, et al.
(författare)
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KCl-Induced High Temperature Corrosion Behavior of HVAF-Sprayed Ni-Based Coatings in Ambient Air
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of thermal spray technology (Print). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1059-9630 .- 1544-1016. ; 27:3, s. 500-511
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- KCl-induced high temperature corrosion behavior of four HVAF-sprayed Ni-based coatings (Ni21Cr, Ni5Al, Ni21Cr7Al1Y, and Ni21Cr9Mo) under KCl deposit has been investigated in ambient air at 600°C up to 168h. The coatings were deposited onto 16Mo3 steel - a widely used boiler tube material.Uncoated substrate, 304L and Sanicro25 were used as reference materials in the test environment.SEM/EDS and XRD techniques were utilized to characterize the as-sprayed and exposed samples.The results showed that the small addition of KCl significantly accelerated degradation to the coatings. All coatings provided better corrosion resistance compared to the reference materials. The alumina-forming Ni5Al coating under KCl deposit was capable of forming a more protective oxide scale compared to the chromia-forming coatings as penetration of Cl through diffusion paths was hindered. Both active corrosion and chromate formation mechanisms were found to be responsible for Page 1 of 23ASM the corrosion damages. The corrosion resistance of the coatings based on the microstructure analysis and kinetics had the following ranking (from the best to worst): Ni5Al >Ni21Cr> Ni21Cr7Al1Y>Ni21Cr9Mo.
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| 7. |
- Karimi Neghlani, Paria, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of build layout and orientation on microstructural characteristics of electron beam melted Alloy 718
- 2018
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0268-3768 .- 1433-3015. ; 99:S1, s. 2903-2913
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effects of build layout and orientation consisting of (a) height from the build plate (Z-axis), (b) distance between samples, and (c) location in the build plate (X-Y plane) on porosity, NbC fraction, and hardness in electron beam melted (EBM) Alloy 718 were studied. The as-built samples predominantly showed columnar structure with strong Ë‚001˃ crystallographic orientation parallel to the build direction, as well as NbC and ÎŽ-phase in inter-dendrites and grain boundaries. These microstructural characteristics were correlated with the thermal history, specifically cooling rate, resulted from the build layout and orientation parameters. The hardness and NbC fraction of the samples increased around 6% and 116%, respectively, as the height increased from 2 to 45 mm. Moreover, by increasing the height, formation of ÎŽ-phase was also enhanced associated with lower cooling rate in the samples built with a greater distance from the build plate. However, the porosity fraction was unaffected. Increasing the sample gap from 2 to 10 mm did not change the NbC fraction and hardness; however, the porosity fraction increased by 94%. The sample location in the build chamber influenced the porosity fraction, particularly in interior and exterior areas of the build plate. The hardness and NbC fraction were not dependent on the sample location in the build chamber. © 2018, The Author(s).
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| 8. |
- Karimi Neghlani, Paria, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of successive thermal cycling on microstructure evolution of EBM-manufactured alloy 718 in track-by-track and layer-by-layer design
- 2018
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Ingår i: Materials & design. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-1275 .- 1873-4197. ; 160, s. 427-441
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Successive thermal cycling (STC) during multi-track and multi-layer manufacturing of Alloy 718 using electron beam melting (EBM) process leads to a microstructure with a high degree of complexity. In the present study, a detailed microstructural study of EBM-manufactured Alloy 718 was conducted by producing samples in shapes from one single track and single wall to 3D samples with maximum 10 longitudinal tracks and 50 vertical layers. The relationship between STC, solidification microstructure, interdendritic segregation, phase precipitation (MC, δ-phase), and hardness was investigated. Cooling rates (liquid-to-solid and solid-to-solid state) was estimated by measuring primary dendrite arm spacing (PDAS) and showed an increased cooling rate at the bottom compared to the top of the multi-layer samples. Thus, microstructure gradient was identified along the build direction. Moreover, extensive formation of solidification micro-constituents including MC-type carbides, induced by micro-segregation, was observed in all the samples. The electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique showed a high textured structure in 〈001〉 direction with a few grains misoriented at the surface of all samples. Finer microstructure and possibility of more γ″ phase precipitation at the bottom of the samples resulted in slightly higher (~11%) hardness values compared to top of the samples.
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| 9. |
- Karimi Neghlani, Paria, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Microstructure Development in Track-by-Track Melting of EBM-Manufactured Alloy 718
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Superalloy 718 & Derivatives. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319894799 - 9783319894805 ; , s. 643-654
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electron beam melting (EBM) is a powder-bed fusion process within the group of additive manufacturing (AM) technology that is used to fabricate high performance metallic parts. Nickel-Iron base superalloys, such as Alloy 718, are subjected to successive heating and cooling at temperatures in excess of 800 °C during the EBM process. Characterization of the dendritic structure, carbides, Laves and δ-phase were of particular interest in this study. These successive thermal cycles influence the microstructure of the material resulting in a heterogeneous structure, especially in the building direction. Hence, the aim of this study was to gain increased fundamental understanding of the relationship between the processing history and the microstructure formed within a single layer. Different numbers of tracks with equal heights were for this purpose produced, varying from one to ten tracks. All tracks used the same process parameters regardless of number and/or position. Microstructure characteristics (sub-grain structure, grain structure and phases) were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy disperse spectroscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. The direction of dendrites changed in the overlap zones within the tracks due to re-melting of material in the overlap zone. The primary dendrite arm spacings slightly increased along multi-tracks owing to a slight decrease in cooling rate by addition of the next tracks. Epitaxial growth of grains were observed in all samples due to partial re-melting of grains in previous layers and surface nucleation was also found to occur in all tracks.
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| 10. |
- Sadeghimeresht, Esmaeil, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparative Study of Corrosion Resistance for HVAF-Sprayed Fe- and Co-Based Coatings
- 2016
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Ingår i: Coatings. - Basel, Switzerland : MDPI. - 2079-6412. ; 6:2, s. 1-15
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an increasing demand to replace Co-based coatings with cheap and environmentally friendly Fe-based coatings in corrosive environments. The main objective of this work was to evaluate whether Fe-based coatings could present a better corrosion performance than Co-based coatings. Therefore, two types of Fe-based and one type of Co-based coatings with chemical compositions (in wt %) of Fe-28Cr-16Ni-1.85C (FeNiCrC), Fe-17Cr-12Ni (FeNiCr), andCo-28Cr-1C (CoCrC) were produced by High Velocity Air Fuel (HVAF) spraying. The corrosion behavior of the coatings was studied comparatively by electrochemical tests in 3.5 wt % NaCl solutionat 25 C. The polarization test results showed that the FeCrNiC coating protected the underlying substrate better than the CoCrC coating, while the FeCrNi coating failed to hinder the penetration of corrosive ions. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements revealed that thesolution penetrated into the coating through defects, however the corrosion process slowed down due to clogging of the interconnected defects by corrosion products. Increasing the in-flight average particle temperature from 1400 C to 1500 C led to a denser coating with fewer defects which seemed to improve the corrosion resistance of the FeCrNiC coating. The high-alloyed Fe-based coatings had the best corrosion protection performance and can thus be recommended as a potential alternative toCo-based coatings.
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