| 1. |
- El-Gabry, Lamyaa, et al.
(författare)
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Measurements of Hub Flow Interaction on Film Cooled Nozzle Guide Vane in Transonic Annular Cascade
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of turbomachinery. - : ASME International. - 0889-504X .- 1528-8900. ; 137:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An experimental study has been performed in a transonic annular sector cascade of nozzle guide vanes (NGVs) to investigate the aerodynamic performance and the interaction between hub film cooling and mainstream flow. The focus of the study is on the endwalls, specifically the interaction between the hub film cooling and the mainstream. Carbon dioxide (CO2) has been supplied to the coolant holes to serve as tracer gas. Measurements of CO2 concentration downstream of the vane trailing edge (TE) can be used to visualize the mixing of the coolant flow with the mainstream. Flow field measurements are performed in the downstream plane with a five-hole probe to characterize the aerodynamics in the vane. Results are presented for the fully cooled and partially cooled vane (only hub cooling) configurations. Data presented at the downstream plane include concentration contour, axial vorticity, velocity vectors, and yaw and pitch angles. From these investigations, secondary flow structures such as the horseshoe vortex, passage vortex, can be identified and show the cooling flow significantly impacts the secondary flow and downstream flow field. The results suggest that there is a region on the pressure side (PS) of the vane TE where the coolant concentrations are very low suggesting that the cooling air introduced at the platform upstream of the leading edge (LE) does not reach the PS endwall, potentially creating a local hotspot.
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| 2. |
- El-Gabry, Lamyaa, et al.
(författare)
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Measurements of Hub Flow Interaction on Film Cooled Nozzle Guide Vane in Transonic Annular Cascade
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo. - : ASME Press. - 9780791844748
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An experimental study has been performed in a transonic annular sector cascade of nozzle guide vanes to investigate the aerodynamic performance and the interaction between hub film cooling and mainstream flow. The focus of the study is on the endwalls, specifically the interaction between the hub film cooling and the mainstream. Carbon dioxide (CO2) has been supplied to the coolant holes to serve as tracer gas. Measurements of CO2 concentration downstream of the vane trailing edge can be used to visualize the mixing of the coolant flow with the mainstream.Flow field measurements are performed in the downstream plane with a 5-hole probe to characterize the aerodynamics in the vane. Results are presented for the fully cooled and partially cooled vane (only hub cooling) configurations. Data presented at the downstream plane include concentration contour, axial vorticity, velocity vectors, and yaw and pitch angles. From these investigations, secondary flow structures such as the horseshoe vortex, passage vortex, can be identified and show the cooling flow significantly impacts the secondary flow and downstream flow field. The results suggest that there is a region on the pressure side of the vane trailing edge where the coolant concentrations are very low suggesting that the cooling air introduced at the platform upstream of the leading edge does not reach the pressure side endwall, potentially creating a local hotspot.
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| 3. |
- Mamaev, Boris, et al.
(författare)
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Aerodynamic investigation of turbine cooled vane block
- 2015
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Ingår i: Thermal Engineering. - 0040-6015. ; 62:2, s. 97-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The vane block (VB) has been investigated and it gives several important results related to test methods and calculation procedures. The vane block is characterized by a developed film and convective cooling system. Blowing tests demonstrate that there is a weak correlation between cooling type and energy loss. Superposition of these effects is true for the central part over VB height without secondary flows. Coolant discharge increases profile loss and it rises if coolant flow rate is increased. Discharge onto profile convex side through the trailing edge slot influences the most considerably. The discharge through perforation decreases the vane flow capacity and insufficiently influences onto the flow outlet angle, but the trailing edge discharge increases this angle according to loss and mixture flow rate growth. The secondary flows reduce the effect of coolant discharge, which insufficiently changes losses distribution at turbine blades tips and even decreases the secondary losses. The flow outlet angle rises significantly and we are able to calculate it only if we correct the ordinary flow model. In the area of secondary flows, the outlet angle varies insufficiently under any type of cooling. This area should be investigated additionally.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Saha, Ranjan, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Aerodynamic Implication of Endwall and Profile Film Cooling in a Transonic Annular Cascade
- 2013
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Ingår i: 21st ISABE Conference. - Busan, Korea.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An experimental study is performed to observe the aerodynamic implications of endwall and profile film cooling on flow structures and aerodynamic losses. The investigated vane is a geometrically similar transonic nozzle guide vane with engine-representative cooling geometry. Furthermore, a new formulation of the cooling aerodynamic loss equation is presented and compared with the conventional methods. Results from a 5-hole pneumatic probe show that the film coolant significantly alters the secondary flow structure. The effect of different assumptions for the loss calculation is shown to significantly change the measured loss.
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| 6. |
- Saha, Ranjan, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Aerodynamic Investigation of External Cooling and Applicability of Superposition
- 2015
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Ingår i: 11th EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON TURBOMACHINERY FLUID DYNAMICS AND THERMODYNAMICS. - : EUROPEAN TURBOMACHINERY SOC-EUROTURBO.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An experimental investigation of the overall external cooling on a cooled nozzle guide vanehas been conducted in a transonic annular sector cascade. The investigated vane is a typicaltransonic high pressure gas turbine vane, geometrically similar to a real engine component.The investigations are performed for various coolant-to-mainstream mass-flux ratios. Resultsindicate that the aerodynamic loss is influenced substantially with the change of the coolingflow. Area-averaged exit flow angles in midspan region are unaffected at moderate filmcoolant flows, for all cooling configurations except for trailing edge cooling. The trailing edgecooling decreases the turning in all investigated cases. Results lead to a conclusion that bothtrailing edge and suction side cooling have significant influence on the aerodynamic losswhereas the shower head cooling is less sensitive to the loss. Investigations with individualcooling features essentially lead to the applicability of the superposition technique regardingthe aerodynamic loss for film cooled vanes, which is this paper’s contribution to the researchfield. Results show that the superposition technique can be used for the profile loss but not forthe secondary loss.
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| 7. |
- Saha, Ranjan, 1984-
(författare)
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Aerodynamic Investigation of Leading Edge Contouring and External Cooling on a Transonic Turbine Vane
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Efficiency improvement in turbomachines is an important aspect in reducing the use of fossil-based fuel and thereby reducing carbon dioxide emissions in order to achieve a sustainable future. Gas turbines are mainly fossil-based turbomachines powering aviation and land-based power plants. In line with the present situation and the vision for the future, gas turbine engines will retain their central importance in coming decades. Though the world has made significant advancements in gas turbine technology development over past few decades, there are yet many design features remaining unexplored or worth further improvement. These features might have a great potential to increase efficiency. The high pressure turbine (HPT) stage is one of the most important elements of the engine where the increased efficiency has a significant influence on the overall efficiency as downstream losses are substantially affected by the prehistory. The overall objective of the thesis is to contribute to the development of gas turbine efficiency improvements in relation to the HPT stage. Hence, this study has been incorporated into a research project that investigates leading edge contouring near endwall by fillet and external cooling on a nozzle guide vane with a common goal to contribute to the development of the HPT stage. In the search for HPT stage efficiency gains, leading edge contouring near the endwall is one of the methods found in the published literature that showed a potential to increase the efficiency by decreasing the amount of secondary losses. However, more attention is necessary regarding the realistic use of the leading edge fillet. On the other hand, external cooling has a significant influence on the HPT stage efficiency and more attention is needed regarding the aerodynamic implication of the external cooling. Therefore, the aerodynamic influence of a leading edge fillet and external cooling, here film cooling at profile and endwall as well as TE cooling, on losses and flow field have been investigated in the present work. The keystone of this research project has been an experimental investigation of a modern nozzle guide vane using a transonic annular sector cascade. Detailed investigations of the annular sector cascade have been presented using a geometric replica of a three dimensional gas turbine nozzle guide vane. Results from this investigation have led to a number of new important findings and also confirmed some conclusions established in previous investigations to enhance the understanding of complex turbine flows and associated losses. The experimental investigations of the leading edge contouring by fillet indicate a unique outcome which is that the leading edge fillet has no significant effect on the flow and secondary losses of the investigated nozzle guide vane. The reason why the leading edge fillet does not affect the losses is due to the use of a three-dimensional vane with an existing typical fillet over the full hub and tip profile. Findings also reveal that the complex secondary flow depends heavily on the incoming boundary layer. The investigation of the external cooling indicates that a coolant discharge leads to an increase of profile losses compared to the uncooled case. Discharges on the profile suction side and through the trailing edge slot are most prone to the increase in profile losses. Results also reveal that individual film cooling rows have a weak mutual effect. A superposition principle of these influences is followed in the midspan region. An important finding is that the discharge through the trailing edge leads to an increase in the exit flow angle in line with an increase of losses and a mixture mass flow. Results also indicate that secondary losses can be reduced by the influence of the coolant discharge. In general, the exit flow angle increases considerably in the secondary flow zone compared to the midspan zone in all cases. Regarding the cooling influence, the distinct change in exit flow angle in the area of secondary flows is not noticeable at any cooling configuration compared to the uncooled case. This interesting zone requires an additional, accurate study. The investigation of a cooled vane, using a tracer gas carbon dioxide (CO2), reveals that the upstream platform film coolant is concentrated along the suction surfaces and does not reach the pressure side of the hub surface, leaving it less protected from the hot gas. This indicates a strong interaction of the secondary flow and cooling showing that the influence of the secondary flow cannot be easily influenced. The overall outcome enhances the understanding of complex turbine flows, loss behaviour of cooled blade, secondary flow and interaction of cooling and secondary flow and provides recommendations to the turbine designers regarding the leading edge contouring and external cooling. Additionally, this study has provided to a number of new significant results and a vast amount of data, especially on profile and secondary losses and exit flow angles, which are believed to be helpful for the gas turbine community and for the validation of analytical and numerical calculations.
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| 8. |
- Saha, Ranjan, 1984-
(författare)
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Aerodynamic Investigations of a High Pressure Turbine Vane with Leading Edge Contouring at Endwall in a Transonic Annular Sector Cascade
- 2012
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Efficiency improvement is an important aspect to reduce the use of fossil-based fuel in order to achieve a sustainable future. Gas turbines are mainly fossil-fuel based turbomachines, and, therefore, efficiency improvement is still the subject of many on-going research activities in the gas turbine community. This study is incorporated into a research project that investigates design possibilities of efficiency improvement at the high pressure turbine (HPT) stage. In the search for HPT-stage efficiency gains, leading edge (LE) contouring near the endwall is one of the methods found in the published literature that has shown a potential to increase the efficiency by decreasing the amount of secondary losses. The overall objective of the thesis is to contribute to the development of gas turbine efficiency improvements in relation to the HPT stage. Particularly, the influence of the LE fillet on losses and flow structure is investigated concentrating on the secondary flow. The core investigation is of an experimental nature. Detailed investigations of the flow field in an annular sector cascade (ASC) are presented with and without the LE fillet, using a geometric replica of a modern gas turbine nozzle guide vane (NGV) with a contoured tip endwall. Furthermore, a separate investigation is performed on a hub-cooled NGV, which focuses on endwalls, specifically the interaction between the hub film cooling and the mainstream (MS). The experimental investigations indicate that the LE fillet has no significant effect on the flow and energy losses of the investigated NGV. The reason why the LE fillet does not affect the losses might be due to the use of a three-dimensional vane with an existing typical fillet over the full hub and tip profile. Findings also reveal that the complex secondary flow depends heavily on the incoming boundary layer. Oil flow visualisation for the baseline case displays a clear saddle point, with a separation line where the horseshoe (HS) vortex separates into the suction side (SS) and the pressure side (PS), whereas for the filleted case, the saddle point is not noticeable. The investigation of a cooled vane, using a tracer gas carbon dioxide (CO2), reveals that the upstream platform film coolant is concentrated along the SS surfaces and does not reach the PS of the hub surface, leaving it less protected from the hot gas.
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| 9. |
- Saha, Ranjan, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental studies of leading edge contouring influence on secondary losses in transonic turbines
- 2012
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Ingår i: ASME Turbo Expo 2012. - : ASME Press. - 9780791844748 ; , s. 1109-1119
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An experimental study of the hub leading edge contouring using fillets is performed in an annular sector cascade to observe the influence of secondary flows and aerodynamic losses. The investigated vane is a three dimensional gas turbine guide vane (geometrically similar) with a mid-span aspect ratio of 0.46. The measurements are carried out on the leading edge fillet and baseline cases using pneumatic probes. Significant precautions have been taken to increase the accuracy of the measurements. The investigations are performed for a wide range of operating exit Mach numbers from 0.5 to 0.9 at a design inlet flow angle of 90°. Data presented include the loading, fields of total pressures, exit flow angles, radial flow angles, as well as profile and secondary losses. The vane has a small profile loss of approximately 2.5 % and secondary loss of about 1.1%. Contour plots of vorticity distributions and velocity vectors indicate there is a small influence of the vortex-structure in endwall regions when the leading edge fillet is used. Compared to the baseline case the loss for the filleted case is lower up to 13 % of span and higher from 13% to 20 % of the span for a reference condition with Mach no. of 0.9. For the filleted case, there is a small increase of turning up to 15 % of the span and then a small decrease up to 35 % of the span. Hence, there are no significant influences on the losses and turning for the filleted case. Results lead to the conclusion that one cannot expect a noticeable effect of leading edge contouring on the aerodynamic efficiency for the investigated 1st stage vane of a modern gas turbine.
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| 10. |
- Saha, Ranjan, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Prehistory and Leading Edge Contouring on Aero Performance of a Three-Dimensional Nozzle Guide Vane
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of turbomachinery. - : ASME Press. - 0889-504X .- 1528-8900. ; 136:7, s. 071014-1-071014-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experiments are conducted to investigate the effect of the prehistory in the aerodynamic performance of a three-dimensional nozzle guide vane with a hub leading edge contouring. The performance is determined with two pneumatic probes (five hole and three hole) concentrating mainly on the end wall. The investigated vane is a geometrically similar gas turbine vane for the first stage with a reference exit Mach number of 0.9. Results are compared for the baseline and filleted cases for a wide range of operating exit Mach numbers from 0.5 to 0.9. The presented data includes loading distributions, loss distributions, fields of exit flow angles, velocity vector, and vorticity contour, as well as mass-averaged loss coefficients. The results show an insignificant influence of the leading edge fillet on the performance of the vane. However, the prehistory (inlet condition) affects significantly in the secondary loss. Additionally, an oil visualization technique yields information about the streamlines on the solid vane surface, which allows identifying the locations of secondary flow vortices, stagnation line, and saddle point.
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