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- Sen Karaman, Didem, et al.
(författare)
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Shape engineering vs organic modification of inorganic nanoparticles as a tool for enhancing cellular internalization
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nanoscale Research Letters. - : SpringerOpen. - 1931-7573 .- 1556-276X. ; 7:358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In nanomedicine, physicochemical properties of the nanocarrier affect the nanoparticles pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, which are also decisive for the passive targeting and nonspecific cellular uptake of nanoparticles. Size and surface charge are, consequently, two main determining factors in nanomedicine applications. Another important parameter which has received much less attention is the morphology (shape) of the nanocarrier. In order to investigate the morphology effect on the extent of cellular internalization, two similarly sized but differently shaped rod-like and spherical mesoporous silica nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized and functionalized to yield different surface charges. The uptake in two different cancer cell lines was investigated as a function of particle shape, coating (organic modification), surface charge and dose. According to the presented results, particle morphology is a decisive property regardless of both the different surface charges and doses tested, whereby rod-like particles internalized more efficiently in both cell lines. At lower doses whereby the shape-induced advantage is less dominant, charge-induced effects can, however, be used to fine-tune the cellular uptake as a prospective secondary uptake regulator for tight dose control in nanoparticle-based drug formulations.
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- Zhang, SB, et al.
(författare)
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GIT1 protects against breast cancer growth through negative regulation of Notch
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1, s. 1537-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hyperactive Notch signalling is frequently observed in breast cancer and correlates with poor prognosis. However, relatively few mutations in the core Notch signalling pathway have been identified in breast cancer, suggesting that as yet unknown mechanisms increase Notch activity. Here we show that increased expression levels of GIT1 correlate with high relapse-free survival in oestrogen receptor-negative (ER(-)) breast cancer patients and that GIT1 mediates negative regulation of Notch. GIT1 knockdown in ER(-) breast tumour cells increased signalling downstream of Notch and activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase, a predictor of poor clinical outcome. GIT1 interacts with the Notch intracellular domain (ICD) and influences signalling by inhibiting the cytoplasm-to-nucleus transport of the Notch ICD. In xenograft experiments, overexpression of GIT1 in ER(-) cells prevented or reduced Notch-driven tumour formation. These results identify GIT1 as a modulator of Notch signalling and a guardian against breast cancer growth.
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- Argaw, Atelach Alemu, et al.
(författare)
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Dictionary-based Amharic-French information retrieval
- 2005
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Ingår i: CLEF2005 Working Notes. - : CEUR-WS.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present four approaches to the Amharic -French bilingual track at CLEF 2005. All experiments use a dictionary based approach to translate the Amharic queries into French Bags-of-words, but while one approach uses word sense discrimination on the translated side of the queries, the other one includes all senses of a translated word in the query for searching. We used two search engines: The SICS experimental engine and Lucene, hence four runs with the two approaches. Non-content bearing words were removed both before and after the dictionary lookup. TF/IDF values supplemented by a heuristic function was used to remove the stop words from the Amharic queries and two French stopwords lists were used to remove them from the French translations. In our experiments, we found that the SICS search engine performs better than Lucene and that using the word sense discriminated keywords produce a slightly better result than the full set of non discriminated keywords.
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- Bigert, Johnny, et al.
(författare)
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Unsupervised evaluation of parser robustness
- 2005
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Ingår i: COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS AND INTELLIGENT TEXT PROCESSING. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 3540245235 ; , s. 142-154
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article describes an automatic evaluation procedure for NLP system robustness under the strain of noisy and ill-formed input. The procedure requires no manual work or annotated resources. It is language and annotation scheme independent and produces reliable estimates on the robustness of NLP systems. The only requirement is an estimate on the NLP system accuracy. The procedure was applied to five parsers, and one part-of-speech tagger on Swedish text. To establish the reliability of the procedure, a comparative evaluation involving annotated resources was carried out on the tagger and three of the parsers.
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- Ekgren, A., et al.
(författare)
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Lessons Learned from GPT-SW3 : Building the First Large-Scale Generative Language Model for Swedish
- 2022
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Ingår i: 2022 Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, LREC 2022. - : European Language Resources Association (ELRA). - 9791095546726 ; , s. 3509-3518
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present GPT-SW3, a 3.5 billion parameter autoregressive language model, trained on a newly created 100 GB Swedish corpus. This paper provides insights with regard to data collection and training process, and discusses the challenges of proper evaluation. The results of quantitive evaluation using perplexity indicate that GPT-SW3 is a competent model in comparison with existing autoregressive models of similar size. Additionally, we perform an extensive prompting study which reveals the good text generation capabilities of GPT-SW3. © licensed under CC-BY-NC-4.0.
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- Emgård, Matilda, et al.
(författare)
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Carriage of penicillin-non-susceptible pneumococci among children in northern Tanzania in the 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine era.
- 2019
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Ingår i: International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-3511. ; 81, s. 156-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To determine the antibiotic susceptibility and serotype distribution of colonizing Streptococcus pneumoniae in Tanzanian children. Serial cross-sectional surveys were performed following the national introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in December 2012.A total of 775 children less than 2 years of age were recruited at primary health centres in Moshi, Tanzania between 2013 and 2015, and samples were obtained from the nasopharynx. S. pneumoniae were isolated by culture and tested for antibiotic susceptibility by disc diffusion and E-test methods; molecular testing was used to determine serotype/group.Penicillin non-susceptibility in the isolated pneumococci increased significantly from 31% (36/116) in 2013, to 47% (30/64) in 2014 and 53% (32/60) in 2015. Non-susceptibility to amoxicillin/ampicillin and ceftriaxone was low (n=8 and n=9, respectively), while 97% (236/244) of the isolates were non-susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The majority of the children (54%, n=418) had been treated with antibiotics in the past 3 months, and amoxicillin/ampicillin were overall the most commonly used antibiotics. Carriage of penicillin-non-susceptible pneumococci was more common in children with many siblings. The prevalence of PCV13 serotypes among the detected serotypes/groups decreased from 56% (40/71) in 2013 to 23% (13/56) in 2015.Penicillin non-susceptibility in S. pneumoniae colonizing Tanzanian children increased during an observation period shortly after the introduction of PCV13. Measures to ensure rational use of antibiotics and more effective systems for surveillance of antibiotic resistance and serotype distribution are needed to assure continued effective treatment of pneumococcal disease.
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